Qiu Jun

Qiu Jun

Qiu Jun (1421-1495), born in Qiongshan, was a famous thinker, historian, statesman, economist and writer in the middle of Ming Dynasty. He was awarded as "a famous official of Neo Confucianism" by Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty and was praised as "the master of literati of Ming Dynasty" by historians.

Qiu Jun served in the four dynasties of Jingtai, Tianshun, Chenghua and Hongzhi. He successively served as the editor of Hanlin academy, the Bachelor of Shijian, the Bachelor of Hanlin academy, the Imperial Academy's sacrificial wine, the Minister of rites, and the Bachelor of wenyuange. In the seventh year of Hongzhi, he was promoted to the Minister of household and the Bachelor of wuyingdian.

Qiu Jun is fond of learning and recites after reading. He is known in history as "all the sayings of the three religions are dabbled in". After he became an official, he had been engaged in compilation for a long time, and had participated in the compilation of Yingzong Shilu, Xianzong Shilu and xutongjian compendium. He claimed that "officials do not go out of the country, six turn official rank, are Si Wenmo, do not try the skills of governing the people.". Although he has been a scholar of literature and ink for many years, he has paid attention to the study of managing the world and applying it to practical use. "He is especially familiar with the national allusions and is conceited by his economy.".

Qiu Jun is famous for his "erudite and numerous books" in the Zaifu School of Ming Dynasty. Wu Bo and his brief introduction to the cabinet officials of the state called him "the contemporary common Confucian". He studied all the history of the six classics, ancient and modern poetry, and even the theory of medical divination.

Qiu Jun's research covers politics, economy, philosophy, literature, medicine, drama and so on. He put forward the view that "labor determines commodity value" 180 years earlier than William Petty's "labor theory of value". "The supplement to the meaning of the University" is the masterpiece of Qiu Jun's thought of economic governance. Qiu Junshan was a southern opera, and his play Wulun Quanbei Ji was influential at that time. His poetry is rigorous and elegant in style.

In the eighth year of Hongzhi, Qiu Jun died in office at the age of 76. He posthumously conferred the title of "Wenzhuang" on Taifu.

(overview photo source: the portrait of Duke Qiu Wenzhuang copied by Qing Dynasty < / I > < I > Haikou < / I > < I > Wugong ancestral hall < / I > < I > collection < / I > < I >) < / I >

Life of the characters

Young genius

Qiu Jun was born in Xiatian Village (now Jinhua village, hongchenghu Road, Fucheng, Qiongshan District, Haikou City) in November 10, 1421, the 19th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty.

Qiu Jun lost his father when he was young. His mother Li taught him to read, and he could recite it after reading it. At the age of six, he was able to write Wuzhishan poem. Poor family without books, once walked hundreds of miles to borrow books, must borrow books to give up.

In 1444, he won the first place in Guangdong Provincial examination.

In 1447, he went to Beijing to take part in the examination.

Stepping into official career

In the fifth year of Jingtai (1454), the imperial examination was the first grade and the imperial examination was the first grade. It was taboo in the policy, so it was changed to the second grade and the first grade because of the appearance of sleep. It was selected as a scholar of Hanlin academy and participated in the compilation of Huanyu Tongzhi. After the completion of the book in the seventh year of Jingtai, it was awarded the compilation of Hanlin Academy (zhengqipin) by the emperor of Ming Dynasty. After taking office in the Imperial Academy, Qiu Jun saw and heard more widely. He was especially familiar with the national allusions. He was responsible for managing the country and helping the people.

Military advice

In the first year of Chenghua (1465), when there was war in Guangdong and Guangxi, Qiu Jun wrote to Li Xian, a bachelor, pointing out the situation and making thousands of orderly statements. Li Xian appreciated his plan and reported it to the emperor. Emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty ordered Qiu Jun's plan to be copied down for Zhao Fu, commander in chief, and Han Yong, governor. Although Han Yong and others didn't use Qiu Jun's stratagem to break through the bandit army, Qiu Jun had a great reputation among the courtiers. After his term of office expired, he was promoted to minister (< I > from Wupin < / I >).

Guozi sacrificial wine

In the second year of Chenghua (1466), he participated in the writing of yingzongshi Lu. In the autumn of that year, he was promoted to a Bachelor of Science (< I > from Wupin < / I >).

In the 13th year of Chenghua (1477), xutongjian compendium was completed and promoted to a Bachelor of Hanlin Academy. In the 16th year, he was granted the title of minister of rites and transferred to Guozi Jijiu (from four grades). At that time, he studied Jingyi books and liked to write strange and dangerous articles. When Qiu Jun presided over the local examination in Nanji, he painfully suppressed this style of writing in the separate examination and the joint examination. When Qiu Jun was in the Imperial College, he urged the students to return to the right way. Before long, Jin became the right servant of the Ministry of rites (zhengsanpin), who was in charge of sacrificial wine affairs.

Complete classics

Qiu Jun thought that the items of governing the country and pacifying the world in Zhen Dexiu's Da Xue Yan Yi were not completely described. Qiu Jun added these contents by collecting a lot of books, and wrote 160 volumes of Da Xue Yan Yi Bu in 1487.

After emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty succeeded to the throne (1488), he presented this book to Emperor Xiaozong. Xiaozong thought the book was good. He rewarded Qiu Jun with gold paper money and ordered relevant departments to publish it. Especially promoted to minister of rites (zhengerpin), in charge of the affairs of Zhan Shifu. He served as the vice president of the compilation of the real records of Xianzong.

In August of the fourth year of Hongzhi (1491), the real record of Xianzong was written, and Qiu Jun was granted the title of crown prince. In October, Qiu Jun was also a Bachelor of wenyuange, taking part in confidential affairs. The minister's appointment to the cabinet began with Qiu Jun, who was 71 years old. He believed that all the actions described in Da Xue Yan Yi Bu could be seen. He asked to take the main points and report them to the emperor, and then put them into practice in the cabinet. Xiaozong approved his request.

Persuading the emperor to be wise

In the fifth year of Hongzhi (1492), Qiu JunShang said: "I saw comets three times in the Chenghua period, swept three walls, and there was an earthquake in the area of five or six hundred Li. Recently, comets have appeared in Tianhe. Every day there are earthquakes and birds singing in the palace. In the spring and Autumn Annals, there were three comets, five earthquakes and two birds. But now it has appeared repeatedly in 20 years, which is very frightening. I hope your majesty can appreciate the benevolence of heaven, think of the difficulties of ancestors' entrepreneurship, cultivate your morality and clear your heart to establish a foundation, and adapt to the needs of political affairs. You should be cautious about what you like and advocate, and not be confused by heresy. You should save money and property, and not waste national wealth. You should use talents fairly, not listen to people's opinions, and forbid to ask for help in private affairs. You should be clear about righteousness and keep frugal behavior If they are diligent in government affairs, then those who flatter and seek favor, and those who are heretical, dare not do evil, and natural disasters can be eliminated. " Then he listed 22 kinds of current malpractices, and Xiaozong accepted his opinions. In the sixth year of Hongzhi (1493), he was exempted from going to court due to eye disease.

upright and outspoken

When Qiu Jun was in power, he once inspired Xiaozong with generosity and changed the style of scholars with loyalty. He was narrow-minded. When he was discussing with Liu Jian, he fell to the ground because of disagreement. Qiu Jun always refutes the official's words to his face. He was so nervous with Wang Shu that he did not speak.

In the sixth year of Hongzhi (1493), Wang Shu wrote a memorial to remove 2000 officials. Qiu Jun asked those less than three years to remain in their original posts, and those officials who were not particularly greedy and cruel to remain in their posts, leaving 90 people. Wang Shu argued fruitlessly and asked to leave. The Taiyuan hospital ruled that Liu Wentai had been with Qiu Jun's family. Liu exposed Wang Shu's dereliction of duty. Wang Shu suspected that Liu was instructed by Qiu Jun, but the public opinion was in a uproar, saying that the manuscript was written by Qiu Jun. Wang Shu was dismissed from office because of this, so people have a lot of opinions on Qiu Jun. In the event, Mao fan, imperial censor song De, Zhou Jin, etc. played memorials one after another to impeach Qiu Jun, but Xiaozong ignored him.

In August of the seventh year of Hongzhi (1494), Qiu Jun was granted the title of Shaobao, Hubu Shangshu and wuyingdian bachelor.

Die in office

In his last years in the imperial court, Qiu Jun submitted 13 memorials one after another, but he didn't get the approval of Xiaozong. On the fourth day of February in the eighth year of Hongzhi (1495), Qiu Jun died in office at the age of 76. Xiaozong ordered him to withdraw from the court and give ten thousand treasure notes a day to "Taifu" and his posthumous title was "Wenzhuang".

On March 12, 1495, the eighth year of Hongzhi, Emperor Xiaozong wrote a special posthumous title. He ordered song Kai Fuling to transport the body back to Hainan. When the coffin was carried to binya village, Haikou, the cable suddenly broke mysteriously and was buried on the spot.

Main achievements

Neo Confucianism

Qiu Jun's thoughts include but are not limited to politics, economy, ethics and unique thoughts such as scientific outlook and educational thoughts.

Qiu Jun is the founder of practical learning in Ming Dynasty. His 160 volumes of Da Xue Yan Yi Bu and Zhu Zi Xue de are Confucian classics. He also wrote eight volumes of family etiquette. Because of his outstanding contribution to the Neo Confucianism of Ming Dynasty, Qiu Jun was awarded as a "famous official of Neo Confucianism" by Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty.

Qiu Jun's contribution lies in his works. There are more than 20 kinds of his works. His main works include the supplement to the meaning of the University, the collection of poems and essays, the manuscript of Qiongtai meeting, and Zhu Zixue's, etc., with a total of more than 30000 volumes. There are no more than 12 kinds of qiongren's works in Sikuquanshu, among which there are five kinds of qiongren's works, such as XueDa yanyibu by Qiu Jun.

historiography

Qiu Jun was a historian and wrote many historical works. His historical works can be divided into two types: one is official compilation of historical books, including yingzongshilu and xianzongshilu, etc.; the other is private compilation of historical books, including Xuxiu Tongjian compendium, shishizhenggang, Volume 32 (completed in the 17th year of Chenghua), Pingding jiaonanlu, etc. His historical thoughts are mainly embodied in two aspects: historical morality and historical knowledge.

In the compilation of yingzongshilu, some people said that Yu Qian's death should be recorded as a misdemeanor. Qiu Jun said: "if there is no Yu Qian, the country will be in danger. The matter has been settled for a long time, and Yu Qian's wrongs have to be explained clearly. " He does justice in this way.

Wang Shizhen of the Qing Dynasty wrote Qiu Wenzhuang in his book "even talk in the north of the pool · Tan Xian San", which said: "Qiu Wenzhuang Gong Jun wrote the outline of world history, and he was strict in his theory." Due to his outstanding contribution to culture, Qiu Jun was called "the emperor of Ming Dynasty and the emperor of literati".

Politics

Qiu Jun is famous as a politician in history. He had a smooth career and was an official

Chinese PinYin : Qiu Xun