Zhang Duqing

Zhang Duqing

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Zhang Duqing (1642-1715), a native of Zichuan (now Zichuan District, Zibo City, Shandong Province), was named Liyou, Houzhai and Fuzi. He is the great grandson of Zhang Zhifa, the chief assistant of Chongzhen cabinet in Ming Dynasty. He lived at the foot of Kunlun Mountain in Zichuan, so he was named Kunlun mountain man. In 1678, in the 17th year of Kangxi reign, Jian Hongbo did not leave. Kangxi 25 years (1686) pull tribute. Boji group of books, 14 years "sleepwalking on the West Lake Fu", 17 and Tongyi Zhugong knot Yingzhong poetry club, weak crown has 200 ancient Yuefu. There is a vast sea of works. In his later years, he retreated to the foot of Kunlun Mountain, closed the door but swept away. Mr. Wang Yuyang of Xincheng said that his poems were "the most outstanding talent in history and Han Dynasty". He has close ties with Wang Shizhen, Pu Songling, Tang Menglai and other scholars, and he is known as "three friends of Yingzhong" with Pu Songling and Li Yaochen.

Hou Zhai wrote a lot of works in his life. His anthologies include: Selected Poems of the eight dynasties, ban fan Fei Jie, Shi Fei Jie of the Five Dynasties, Gao shizan of the Han Dynasty, chronicles of Shaobao Gong, Hou Zhai's own Chronicles (recording his family background, deeds and friends), poetry talks, biography of teachers and friends (asked by Lang tinghuai, answered by Wang Yuyang, Zhang Duqing and Zhang Shiju).

There are two kinds of poetry anthologies: Kunlun Shanfang anthologies (most of the poems written in his life are included in this anthologies, and there are 1637 poems in it), and Baiyi poems of Ming Dynasty (chanting the political events of Ming Dynasty after Shenzong's going to the South).

Life of the characters

Zhang Duqing was born in 1642, the 15th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty. He was born in chengnanxiang, Zichuan County, and was the 12th of Zhang's family. Qingcong is a brilliant person, who is highly educated and rich, full of words and brilliant. A thousand words in a composition. At the age of 14, he wrote "Ode to sleepwalking on the West Lake". At the age of 17, he married Li Yaochen, Pu Songling, etc. At the age of 20, he has 200 Yuefu Poems. In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), Shi Runzhang, the supervisor, recommended to go to the "erudite and hongruke". In February of the 25th year of Kangxi (1686), the Gongsheng of Jinan government was selected as the first. Candidate oracle. Later, he would try to be a second brother, so he was determined to make progress. He retreated to the foot of Kunlun Mountain and devoted himself to writing historical books.

He died in 1711. He was seventy years old.

Character works

His works include shuzude poems, banfanfangjie, selected poems of eight dynasties, shifangjie of Five Dynasties, gaoshizan of Western Han Dynasty, Kunlun Shanfang poems, yanyoucao poems, guwenji, Houzhai chronicle, etc.

Character evaluation

"Sikuquanshu" comments on "Cai Zao Fu". Wang Shizhen, Minister of the Ministry of punishment, commented on Qing's "Han LAN turned over the background of his writing, really crown the ancient talent.". Seven character song line, especially good at the scene, without losing Kongtong, Da Fu Jia FA. Shi Yushan, the inspector, called Qingwen "the light of the tongue is like electricity". At that time, it was called Qing "a new poem, open and magnificent". "His life is full of people's height and vast as a sea of smoke.".

Wang Shizhen's Yu Yang Shi Hua: the article is rich and colorful, with thousands of words, and the poem is especially good at singing.

Wang Shizhen: after the new poetry volume of Liyou: seven sets of new makeup dances, one Ling song, watched by ten thousand people. Who knows, Chan Juanzi is the most beautiful girl in the world.

Lu Jianzeng's guochaoshan left verse: Mr. Kunlun is a gifted scholar, and he speaks a lot of language. He had been known by Shi Yushan for a long time. Yuyang is known as "the talent of Guangu". In order to make him enter the imperial examination as early as possible, or to lower his heart to make a grand attempt, he had to contend with Yu Yang and Yu Shan first, so as to fight for the altar among the ten sons of Kangxi. He had to drive with Shan Jiang, and the rest of his sons gave up. It is appropriate to preface his poems by Bao Yan of the Tang Dynasty. It is hateful to recommend Sima Xiangru as Yang Ziyi.

Shen Deqian's poems of the Qing Dynasty: he learned a lot from his friends and made a lot of comments. At the same time, his predecessors were called the best talents in the world. At that time, Gong Dingshan Zhongcheng was appointed as an envoy of learning. He was the first person to be recommended to the left of the mountain by the Ming Scripture. He did not meet in the Jingzhao test, but returned to Kunlun Mountain and did not return. There are eight dynasties poetry anthology, ban fan fan's section, Five Dynasties History's section and Han Dynasty's Gao shizan's books written by Dumen. They are outstanding and can be passed down. Is it because of their fame or status? The style of poetry is good both in ancient and modern times, but the style of song and Yuan Dynasty can't be stained.

General catalogue of Siku Quanshu: Duqing was rich, full of ideas and a thousand words. The wind and the spring cannot be controlled.

Biography of Wenyuan in the biography of Qing Dynasty: the poetry is based on the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and the singing is especially good at the scene, without losing the same empty space and restoring the family.

Wang Peixun's memoirs of rural gardens: Mr. Zhang Kunlun was a great grandson of Ming University. Swaddling is the prime minister's favorite. It's a little longer. It's very smart. The composition is full of thousands of words. Shi Yushan's learning is called "the light of the tongue is like electricity". Later, he entered the Imperial College and tried not to sell it. Instead, he abandoned the book and studied the historical biography. When you travel around the scenic spots of the Yangtze and Huaihe rivers, you will be under the jurisdiction of the government. The poems are noble and magnificent, which are discarded by thousands of people. They live in the Yuyang forest and invite visitors to the garden pavilion. They sing in harmony with each other and hate to see each other. They think that they should be driven by Tian Shanjiang and Yan xiulai. He is the author of Kunlun Shanfang poetry collection. His "Bai Yi Shi" is dedicated to the things of Ming Dynasty, which is broken from Shenzong. It turns over the historical records and arranges the poems vertically and horizontally. It is known as the ancient talent for fishing in the ocean. Zhou Lin took Tai Shi as his annotation, which is very detailed.

Life and friends

1、 Jieying China News Agency

In 1659, when Duqing was 18 years old, Zhang Duqing, Pu Songling from Tongyi, Li Yaochen, Zhang Duqing's cousin Wang (named Lu Zhan), and Zhang Lu (named Shi Xuan, named Gu Zhai), Zhang Duqing's second younger brother, spent their spare time studying and studying poems, which became a good story for later generations. Pu Songling and Zhang Duqing have mentioned the purpose of Yingzhong society. Pu Songling wrote a preface to Yingzhong society, which pointed out that people could learn from each other and cultivate their temperament by forming a society: "it's not time to gather together, and it's not restricted by the style of poetry. It's a volume in the end, so it's called" Yingzhong society " In this way, learning can grow together, impetuosity can disappear, and it is not useless for the literary industry. "

Zhang Duqing said more clearly in his poems and articles, that is to take the elegant voice of spring and snow as his artistic pursuit: "Shanzhong Tongfu" Snow "chapter, lonely Book bed asked" taixuan ". I stayed in the sea to make friends with my hometown, and my life was full of spirit. In the middle of the night, I said that the sword has been wandering for ten years. Melancholy heaven and earth in our generation, do not make "Xiali" biography

The friendship between Pu Songling and Zhang Duqing lasted for a lifetime, and their life course had a similar aspect: both of them were weak crown years. They were learned from Shi Runzhang, a senior high school scholar in Shandong. However, their highest Fame in their whole life was only Gongsheng. They had long been away from their hometown, taught in a library, and worked as councillors for a short time. Both of them had a profound impact on the history of literature because of their outstanding literary achievements.

However, Pu Songling and Zhang Duqing have different literary interests and creative talents. Specifically, Pu Songling is keen on writing strange stories, and Zhang Duqing is keen on writing poems. Moreover, their interest continues to their later years. In Zhang Duqing's mind, poetry is an elegant cause and authentic literature, and strange stories are from the bottom of the world. Therefore, he always disapproves, supports and opposes Pu Songling's creation of strange stories from a lonely studio. In the third year of Kangxi (1664), Zhang Duqing wrote a poem "answer to the rhyme of Pu Liuquan", which says: "you will be reclusive in the near future, and you will never know when you close your family. Since you are immortal, I am not the master of the emperor. It's amazing to be grateful to you, and the running water knows the clock period. I am not tired of being a madman, and I am full of poems In the third sentence of the poem, Zhang Duqing calls Pu Songling "immortal guest", which means that Pu Songling likes to talk about immortals and ghosts. The fourth sentence of the poem is Zhang Duqing's response to Pu Songling's call that he is "the teacher of the emperor" and is not modest enough. It can be seen from this that Pu Songling began to collect materials and create strange tales from a lonely studio since he was more than 20 years old, and his fame has spread far and wide. No wonder even Zhang Duqing is also called "immortal guest". In the same year, Zhang Duqing also wrote two poems of seven rhythms, the rhyme of he Liuxian. The second poem says: "Sikong museum is romantic, Fushui Shendao is not available. When you heard about Zhengshi from Huang Chu, I knew yinghou from ye. At that time, he joined the Bailian society and sang sad songs all night. Looking back at the nine o'clock cold smoke, I don't know if my dream has fallen to Qizhou. "

Of course, Zhang Duqing occasionally praised Liaozhaizhiyi because of his kindness. In the spring of the 18th year of Kangxi, Gao Heng and Tang Menglai wrote a preface to Liaozhaizhiyi. In 1682, Zhang Duqing wrote three poems for Liaozhaizhiyi. One of the poems says: "in the series of searching for the town sun in the dark, how many ghosts have dreams.". Five nights burning rhinoceros to explore the mystery of the law, ten years of longitudinal Bo borrow shencong. Dong Hu is not only a moral example, but also a chemical company. Chang xiaoruan's theory that there is no ghost in his family makes him sad and sad. " The third part of the poem says: "when the moon is slanting, the paint lamp reflects the dragon and snake. For thousands of years, the langhuan cave has been known, and nine flowers have sprung up in the clouds of Mount Song. But make the back court song Yushu, no labor front seat asked Changsha. Zhuang Zhou said, "Xu has no ghost, Huizi's book is full." "Changsha" in the poem refers to Jia Yi, a famous political commentator in the Western Han Dynasty. He was slandered and demoted as the Taifu of the king of Changsha. In his poem, Zhang Duqing praised Pu Songling's strange tales from a lonely studio, which will be "passed on for thousands of years" and "burst into nine splendors". At the same time, he lamented that Pu Songling, like Jia Yi, had the misfortune of not meeting his talent.

2、 Wang Shizhen

In 1659, Zhang Duqing was able to make friends with yuyangshan people because of his uncle Wang Shihu. Since then, they have been singing and talking about poetry and art, and this friendship has lasted until their death. It is Wang Yuyang's help that makes Zhang Duqing's poem famous. Zhang Duqing left many poems in his Kunlun Mountain House collection. There are "Mr. Yuyang's poems on July 7", "Mr. Yuyang's poems on the bridge", "Mr. Yuyang's poems on the bridge", "Mr. Yuyang's poems on the bridge"《

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Du Qing