Qu Shizhen

Qu Shizhen

Qu Shizhen (1590-1650), whose name is Qitian, was named Jiaxuan, Yunye, and boliao. He was born in Changshu County, Suzhou Prefecture, southern Zhili, and was a poet, official, and national hero in the late Ming Dynasty.

In his early years, Qu Shizhen worshipped Qian Qianyi as his teacher. In 1616, he became a scholar. Later, he was granted the title of magistrate of Yongfeng County, Jiangxi Province. In 1623, Ding's father returned to China and returned to China with the Western priest Jules Aleni. He was baptized into the church and named Thomas. He once wrote a preface to AI's sexual studies.

In 1628, when he was promoted to Huke, he repeatedly impeached and denounced the sycophants in power. Later, Wen Tiren and Zhou yanru were excluded and framed. They were demoted together with their teacher Qian Qianyi, and then returned to Changshu. Shi Fu, who was in charge of the garden in the countryside, took poems and wine as his own way, and collected the great Confucian sayings as ten volumes of the book "a man Lu of shame forest".

In 1644, Li Zicheng conquered Beijing, and King Fu established power in Nanjing. Qu Shifu became the Prime Minister of Ying Tianfu, and was promoted to be the censor of Youjin capital and governor of Guangxi.

In the summer of 1645, when Qu Shizhen arrived in Wuzhou, Nanjing was broken. The king of Lu supervised Shaoxing, the king of Tang was also named Fujian, and the king of Jingjiang later supervised Guilin. Qu Shizhen thought that the leader should be Youlang, the king of Yongming, so he joined forces with Ding kuichu to capture the king of Jingjiang, and he was not appointed to Fujian.

In the second year, the king of Tang died for the state, Zhu Youlang was established in Zhaoqing, and Qu Shizhen became the right servant of the Ministry of officials. After the Qing Dynasty troops broke Ganzhou, Qu Shizhen stayed in Zhaoqing. Next year, when the Yuan Dynasty was changed to Yongli, the Qing army fell into Zhaoqing and went to Wuzhou to protect the emperor to Guilin, where he was promoted to minister of the Ministry of war. Qu Shizhen had borrowed 300 Portuguese soldiers and several heavy artillery from Macao, so he recovered a lot of land at one time. Guilin also kept it for a long time, and later he was granted the title of Lin guibo.

In 1650, the officials of the Southern Ming Dynasty slandered each other, and they were short of food and pay. The soldiers of the Qing Dynasty entered the whole Prefecture. Guilin was in chaos, and there was no one in the city. Qu Shizhen did not go alone. He drank wine with governor Zhang Tongchang, and wrote poems in harmony with him. After that, he took it easy, and Kong Youde persuaded him to surrender. He died bravely with Zhang Tongchang at the foot of xianheling mountain in Guilin.

Life experience

Early experience

Qu Shi, the word from the field, the number BOLUO, another name Jiaxuan. He lives in ouqu township of Changshu (now incorporated into Yushan Town). His grandfather Qu Jingchun moved to the city after zhonghuiyuan. His street is called huiyuanfang (now the west section of Zhongxiang). Qu Shizhen was born in 1590 (the 18th year of Wanli). At the age of 27, he was a scholar in the middle school. In the second year, he became the magistrate of Yongfeng County, Ji'an Prefecture, Jiangxi Province, showing his political talents. In the reign of Tianqi, Wei Zhongxian, a eunuch, was domineering and killed decent people. Qu Shizhen sympathized with the victims and did not yield to the evil forces. In 1628 (the first year of Chongzhen's reign), he was appointed to the household branch. The original intention of this kind of official post was to play a certain supervisory role in government departments. He felt that he could stretch his ambition. In the past seven months, with more than 20 memorials in succession, he strongly advocated that "in order to recover the crisis, we must" return to the origin and clear up the source ", attacked Wei Zhongxian's remaining party, who was still in high position, to show snow for the victims and support righteousness. For the government facilities, many of them were built. At that time, Nurhachi established the post Jin regime in Manchuria, competing with the Ming Dynasty and invading southward continuously. Qu Shizhen had been alert for a long time. He even wrote several memorials, asking for more grain reserves, training soldiers to repair the side walls, stressing military equipment, and recommending Xu Guangqi, Li Zhizao, sun Yuanhua and other capable officials. However, Qu's actions violated the interests of those in power. He was ostracized and framed by Wen Tiren and Zhou yanru. Soon, he was demoted and returned home. In March 1644 (the 17th year of Chongzhen), Li Zicheng's peasant uprising army captured Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide in Meishan. The Manchu took advantage of Wu Sangui's opportunity to enter Shanhaiguan on a large scale. The peasant army was caught off guard and withdrew from Beijing. In May, Emperor Shunzhi entered Beijing and began to conquer China by force. At the same time, King Zhu Yousong established Hongguang regime in Nanjing. Qu Shizhen was appointed governor of Guangxi. Qu Shizhen believed that Guangxi, in the southwest corner of China, is an important strategic place with heavy mountains and complex waters, which can be attacked and defended by advancing and retreating. He took Mrs. Shao to Guangxi. Along the way, Nanjing fell and people everywhere were in a panic. When he took office in Wuzhou, he urged production and advised the people to cultivate at ease. On the one hand, he recruited soldiers, trained seriously, built castles and strengthened defense. In a short period of time, the floating people gradually settled down.

The king of Guangxi

After the Hongguang regime, Zhu Yujian, king of the Ming and Tang Dynasties, established the Longwu regime in Fuzhou and continued to resist the Qing Dynasty. Zhu HENGJIA, the king of Jingjiang, who did not intend to visit Guilin, did not recognize the Longwu regime, but called himself "supervisor of the state" and established the regime. Send someone to woo Qu Shizhen. He was severely rejected by Qu Shizhen and wrote to blame Zhu HENGJIA: "the country is at a critical moment. Fujian has established an emperor to restore the country. We should make concerted efforts to save the crisis. How can we fight against each other?" He also informed the armed forces of the ethnic minorities that they were rejected again. Zhu HENGJIA became angry and led his troops to Wuzhou to threaten with force. Qu Shizhen was dragged down, but he did not change his face and denounced that kind of criminal act. So he was taken back to Guilin and imprisoned. The army of the Longwu regime beat Zhu HENGJIA to the wall. When Zhu HENGJIA was trapped in Guilin, he had to persuade Qu Shizhen to help guard the city. Qu Shizhen contacted Jiao Lian, an officer of Zhu HENGJIA, and got in touch with the army outside the city. He cooperated with the outside and captured Zhu HENGJIA. The separatist movement was shattered. Later, Zhu Yujian, the king of the Tang Dynasty, promoted Qu Shizhen to be the right Minister of the Ministry of war and Assistant Minister of military administration. Qu Shizhen did not enter the Dynasty and retired to Guangdong. In August 1646 (the third year of Shunzhi and the second year of Longwu), the Qing army broke through Tingzhou and Longwu emperor was killed. According to the news, Qu Shizhen and his ministers supported Zhu Youlang, king of Guangxi, as emperor, with the title of "Yongli". Qu Shizhen was promoted to be the right servant of the Ministry of official affairs, the Bachelor of Dongge, and concurrently in charge of the Ministry of official affairs. Qu Shizhen and his ministers hoped that he would fight against the Qing army and recover his lost land. In 1646 (the third year of Shunzhi and the second year of Longwu), the Qing army went south, Ganzhou was conquered, and King Kun of Si Li forced emperor Yongli to go to Wuzhou. In November, Su Guansheng established Zhu Yuxuan, king of the Tang Dynasty, in Guangzhou. Qu Shizhen and Kui Chu negotiated to welcome emperor Yongli to Zhaoqing, and sent governor Lin Jiading to watch. He was defeated by the Qing army. Qu Shizhen saw the master's isthmus. In December, the Qing army broke Guangzhou. Wang Kun takes Yongli emperor to the West.

Leading the army to resist the Qing Dynasty

When the Qing army went south, Qu Shizhen calmly commanded and relied on the unity of the army and the people. In just 14 months, he fought against the Qing army's invasion of Guilin three times. The first time was in 1647 (the fourth year of Shunzhi and the first year of Yongli). In the first month of 1647 (the fourth year of Shunzhi and the first year of Yongli), the Qing army broke Zhaoqing and forced Wuzhou to surrender to Cao ye, governor. Emperor Yongli wanted to go to Huguang to find he Tengjiao. Ding kuichu, LV Daqi and Wang Huacheng all fled for their lives. Only Qu Shizhen, Wu Bing and Wu Zhenyu stayed by his side, so they arrived in Guilin from Pingle. In February 1647 (the fourth year of Shunzhi and the first year of Yongli), Zhu Youlang was in Guilin. When he heard that Pingle had been attacked, he was about to flee to Quanzhou. Qu Shizhen repeatedly tried to persuade him, but he didn't even listen to his tears. Before leaving, Qu Shizhen should go with him. Qu said: "the emperor cares about me when he wants me to go with him, but I have the responsibility to defend Guilin. I am willing to sacrifice for it." Please stay in Guilin. At last, Emperor Yongli promised him that he would be promoted to wenyuange bachelor and Minister of the Ministry of war. The cameras in Pingle and Xunzhou were broken, and Guilin was in danger. In March of 1647 (the fourth year of Shunzhi and the first year of Yongli), the Qing army had captured Pingle. Qu Shizhen estimated that the enemy must fight for Guilin. On the one hand, he dispatched food and grass, and on the other hand, he transferred Jiaolian troops stationed in Huangsha town back to Guilin. Qu Shizhen put his salary together to reward the soldiers. The next morning, the soldiers of the Qing Dynasty suddenly attacked Guilin and entered Wenchang gate. Qu Shizhen's command was calm, relying on Jiaolian, baigui, Baiyu and other troops to fight bravely, and the Qing army was in full retreat. The second time was in May of the same year, when Liu Chengyin's department and Jiao Lian's Department, who were ordered to garrison in Guilin, had friction. Liu's Department plundered Guilin, and Jiao's Department was also stationed in baishitan. Qu Shizhen estimated that the situation was critical. He urged Jiao lian to return to the city and repair the gap of the city wall which had been damaged by the rain for a long time. He asked them to work together and defend strictly. After the mutiny, the Qing soldiers found out that Guilin was an empty city, and the people were terrified, so they attacked Guilin again. He thought that it would be easy to occupy Guilin, so he not only appointed the officials who were going to take the city, but also brought all kinds of things. He did not expect that Qu Shizhen would defend himself separately and bombard the enemy soldiers outside the city. He fought continuously from early to noon. Qu Shizhen led the city officials to steam the stored grain into rice and send it to the front line. In the early morning of the next day, Jiao Lian led his troops to attack in the rain. To the surprise of the enemy, they abandoned their armor and helmets and fled one after another. The troops that were lying across the river were firing guns and blunderbusses at the same time. The soldiers of the Qing Dynasty were beaten to death. When they saw the trees on the mountain, they were also regarded as the army of the Ming Dynasty. Qu Shichu hoped that emperor Yongli would return to Quanzhou, but emperor Yongli would not listen. Then he asked emperor Yongli to go to Guilin, and Emperor Yongli agreed. If Wugang was defeated, Emperor Yongli fled from Jingzhou to Liuzhou, and Qu Shizhen asked emperor Yongli to go to Guilin again. In November, the Qing army forced Quanzhou from Hunan, and Qu Shifu and he Tengjiao led the resistance. If Wuzhou is not conquered again, Emperor Yongli is in Xiangzhou and will flee to Nanning. The minister finally tried to return Guilin in December. The third time was in February 1648 (the fifth year of Shunzhi and the second year of Yongli). Hao Yongzhong, the general of the peasant army who joined the Ming Dynasty to fight against the Qing Dynasty, was defeated in the Lingchuan campaign and retreated to Guilin. He was discriminated by the local garrison and the so-called "February mutiny" took place. The situation expanded. Hao Yongzhong also sent officers to make it difficult for Qu Shizhen. After that, it developed out of control. Qu Shizhen had to withdraw from zhangmugang. Hao Yongzhong asked emperor Yongli to flee to the West. Qu Shizhen tried hard, but emperor Yongli didn't listen. All the bodyguards around him left in a hurry, and Qu Shizhen argued again. Emperor Yongli said, "Qu Aiqing just wanted to

Chinese PinYin : Qu Shi Si