Wang Shenzhong

Wang Shenzhong

Wang Shenzhong (1509-1559), whose name is Daosi, was originally named Nanjiang, and was even named Zunyan Jushi. Wang zhongzi, also known as Wang zhongzi, was born in Jinjiang County, Quanzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province (now Jinjiang City, Fujian Province). He was a poet and essayist in Ming Dynasty, and the first of the eight gifted scholars in Jiajing. He was one of the representatives of the repeated ancient customs in Ming Dynasty.

Life of the characters

pupillage

Wang Shenzhong was born in Anping town (now Anhai Town) of Jinjiang on September 27, the fourth year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty (October 10, 1509). His father, Wang Yuanji, and his mother, Li Shi, had five sons, ranking second in Shenzhong, also known as Wang zhongzi. You Cong Ying, 4 years old, can recite poetry, teach to the language, answer like flow. At the age of 11, Chen rang was a teacher. At the age of 14, he studied in Yi Shi Zhong, a neo Confucianist. Yi Shizhong was an apprentice of Cai Qing, a famous Neo Confucianist in Quanzhou. He is very strict in selecting and teaching students, but he highly appreciates Shen Zhong. When Shen Zhongzhi saw that he was worshiping his teacher, he avoided the banquet and even said, "it's not right to be one of my disciples!"

Jiajing gifted scholar

In the fourth year of Jiajing (1525), he passed the provincial examination in the middle school. In the fifth year of Jiajing (1526), he was 18 years old and got married in his hometown. The next year, he returned to Beijing on vacation and was appointed head of the Department of household affairs to supervise Tongzhou. In office, we should get rid of the old malpractice and plug up the invasion and consumption. Wang Shenzhong was aware of the sufferings of the officers and soldiers in the water transport. He paid special attention to them. He never blamed the officers and soldiers for the rotten grain in transit. He dealt with the soldiers in time. Therefore, he was praised as "honest, benevolent and skillful".

Jiajing eight years (1529), change the Ministry of rites Temple priest. Shi Zongjian held a sacrificial ceremony in four suburbs, and Wang Shenzhong made eight chapters of sacrificial poems. During this period, Shen Zhong learned from Tang Shunzhi, Chen Shu, Li Kaixian, Zhao Shichun, Ren Han, Xiong Guo and other celebrities, and made great progress in his studies. Because of the similar style of writing and the same literary ideas, it has its own school and is known as the "eight gifted scholars of Jiajing".

In 1531, Wang Shenzhong was appointed as the chief examiner of Guangdong Province. During the rural examination, his comments were accurate, concise, elegant and popular. Lin Daqin, the number one scholar, won the first place in senior high school in the second year's examination, which earned him the reputation of "discerning talents".

Jiajing 12 years (1533), the transfer of the main guest Secretary outside. At that time, the imperial court planned to select wailang, a member of each department, to fill the imperial palace. Zhang Fujing, the cabinet bachelor at that time, wanted to win him over and gave him hints. However, Wang Shenzhong, who is arrogant and arrogant, refused to pay a visit and declared that "I'd rather lose my job than lose myself.". Although he was not elected as a librarian, he gained a good reputation. Soon after, he transferred the official department to examine the seal division and turned the doctor of Jin Dynasty. Soon after, he was relegated to Changzhou.

Diligent in duty

In Changzhou, he was still diligent in his duty and straightened out the official administration. Guo Zongzhen, governor of Jiangsu Province, highly appreciated Wang Shenzhong's talent and learning. Just when Jiangyin county was vacant, he was appointed to act as Jiangyin County governor. At the end of Jiangyin's term of office, Shenzhong was successively promoted to head of Nanjing's Department of household and member of the Ministry of rites, wailang. These are the idle yamen, so that he has more time to study. In Nanjing, he studied Wang Yangming's theory with Wang Longxi and other scholars. And from the original "literature must Qin and Han" concept of ancient, tend to the style of Tang and Song Dynasty, respected the Northern Song Dynasty writers Zeng Gong, Ouyang Xiu and other theories.

In 1536, Wang Shenzhong was appointed as the governor of Shandong University. During his term of office, he was committed to correcting the style of study, getting rid of bad habits, and formulating new rules and regulations. According to the original regulations, scholars pay homage to instructors and officials according to their grades. Shen Zhong was very disgusted with this kind of low bowing, so he made a separate rule that only regular ceremony was given to the students, and all red tape was avoided. At the same time, he attached great importance to the exploration, cultivation and promotion of talents, such as Li Panlong, the "last seven sons" in the literary world, and Yin Shizhan, who was promoted by him.

official career

Before long, he was promoted to Jiangxi to participate in politics. Jiangxi is the place where famous scholar Wang Yangming gives lectures. Local elders can also record the old story of Wang Yangming's lecture activities. Wang Shenzhong pursued Wang's old traces and often traveled between Bailudong and Ehu. He made friends with Ouyang Nanye, Zou Shouyi, Luo nianan, Nie Shuangjiang and other scholars to give lectures and explain the new meaning of Confucian classics.

Later, he moved to Henan to participate in politics. At that time, there was a famine in Henan Province. Shen Zhong cooperated with Wang Gao, the Minister of relief, to open a warehouse and send millet to relieve the hungry people. Wang Gao saw that Shenzhong was able to handle affairs and won the hearts of the people, so Shangshu court suggested that he should be promoted and reused. Unexpectedly, there was no reply to the title, but suddenly came the notice that Shen Zhong was dismissed. As soon as the news spread, the government and the public were in an uproar. They all thought it was an incredible strange thing. It turns out that Shen Zhong always has a clear heart, and disdains to flatter his boss. A Fu, a powerful man, offended his boss Xia Yan when he worked in the rites department in his early years. At this time, Xia Yan, the assistant cabinet minister, was in charge of the imperial program. When he found out that playing please promoted Shenzhong's watch, he was even more jealous. So he not only suppressed the watch, but also found an excuse to read a book, which was just Wang Shenzhong's official.

Wang Shenzhong started his official career in the fifth year of Jiajing and was deposed in the 20th year of Jiajing. He was only 33 years old when he was dismissed. People feel sorry for his dismissal in his prime. However, he did not mind. He left the officialdom and roamed among the famous mountains and rivers in Qishui, Taihang, Wangwu, Sumen, Baiquan, Wudang and Hengshan.

In his later years, Wang Shenzhong specialized in ancient Chinese works. Local scholars often come to consult, "the door and the wall can hardly hold.". On July 17, the 38th year of Jiajing (August 19, 1559), he died of illness in Anping's home. He was only 51 years old. His tomb was in Zhuyang Township, 34th capital of Nan'an.

Shen's younger brother, Wang Weizhong, was a Jinshi in the 20th year of Jiajing. Nephew Wang Tongxiu, Jinshi in the 14th year of Wanli (1580), Shaoqing in Guanglu temple. His younger brother, Wang Huiyou, was a Jinshi in the 38th year of Jiajing. He was Tongzhi in Yuezhou and Qianshi in Jiangxi. From the nephew Wang tongzan, Jiajing 41 years Jinshi, Hangzhou magistrate, after the promotion of the head of the Department. It is known as the "five Jinshi of one school" of the Luxia Wang family. The former residence of the Wang family is located in Luxia Lane (ditch), Anhai Town, on the right side of today's Peiji primary school.

Historical records of Ming Dynasty

On historical materials

Wang Shenzhong is a native of Jinjiang. At the age of four, he was able to recite poems. He was a Jinshi in the fifth year of Jiajing period. He taught the head of the household department and sought to change the priesthood of the Ministry of rites. Tang Shunzhi, Chen Shu, Li Kaixian, Zhao Shichun, Ren Han, Xiong Guo, Tu yingleng, Hua Cha, Lu Quan, Jiang Yida, Zeng Xidai, four famous scholars from all walks of life, were in the Ministry of Cao, and they taught with them carefully. In the 12th year, the imperial edict jianbulang was the Imperial Academy, and the heads of the imperial edicts were drawn up to be cautious. Zhang Fujing, a bachelor, wanted to see him, but he didn't leave. Instead, he moved to the Ministry of official affairs and became a member of the imperial examination committee, wailang. Zhang Yanqing was banished to Changzhou to pass judgment. He moved a little to wailang, the head of the household department, and was in Nanjing. For a long time, he promoted Shandong Province to study, changed Jiangxi Province to participate in deliberation, and entered Henan Province to participate in politics. Wang Gao, the Minister of state, was ordered to revive the wasteland. He entrusted Shenzhong with his affairs and returned them to the court. He recommended Shenzhong for reuse. During the twenty years of the meeting, the leader of the Ministry of officials was not careful enough. Xia Yan, a great scholar, was the Minister of rites first. He was cautious of being an official and disobeyed him, so he was not sincere and fell from his post. Shen Zhongwei, who was in charge of the Qin and Han dynasties at the beginning, said that it was not advisable to go down to Tokyo. Having understood the methods of Ou and Zeng's writing, he burned the old works and imitated them, especially thanks to Zeng Gong. At the beginning of obedience, I didn't accept it. After a long time, I followed it. In the prime of his life, he abandoned the ancient prose and made a brilliant family. He was as famous as Shun. He was also known as "Wang, Tang" and "Jinjiang, piling". Home, ask the industry to follow. Fifty one years later. Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen rose from behind and tried their best to get rid of them. Dragon climbing is a good way to learn from Shandong.

Literary achievements

Wang Shenzhong was a writer. At the beginning, he wrote a lot about the prose of Qin and Han Dynasties. He thought that "literature must be written in Qin and Han Dynasties, and there is no merit in the prose after Han Dynasty"; after reading the prose of Ouyang Xiu and Zeng Gong, he was greatly admired: "the world looks down on the Song Dynasty and respects the class and the horse. I don't know that those who are good at learning horses are as good as Europe, and those who are good at learning classes are as good as ever. The original biography of Ou and Zeng Zhiwen changed from the hero of the Han Dynasty to the quintessence. " So he burned the old work and tried to imitate it. He thinks that the word "Yi Fa" is the most important word in Wei Wen, and points out that the rules of literary law should not go back to the ancients, but the meaning of literature should be taken from what the predecessors have not issued. It is advocated that the article should "say what it wants", "die for its own words", and "express one's feelings directly and write freely", so as to express the author's true thoughts and feelings. He believes that the crux of revivalism lies in the fact that "it is difficult to get into the law, and it is difficult to get into the essence of justice". This paper, with its unique views, became the pioneer of the Tang Song School of literature in the Kaiming Dynasty, and became a school of literature in the Ming Dynasty with Tang Shunzhi, GUI Youguang and Mao Kun, known as the Tang Song school. Wang Shenzhong became famous as Tang Shunzhi and was known as "Wang Tang". They are actually the leaders of the Tang and song schools. Commenting on Wang Shenzhong's article, Li Zhi said: "it's hard to construct the meaning of the article. Every article must be pondered repeatedly. It's a decision, but it's a decision. On a small scale, the narration is detailed, the Department is complete and dense, the language is rich and the meaning is profound. " The representative works of his prose include the story of Pingkou on the sea, the preface of sending Cheng Longfeng county to Bo Zhishi, the journey to Jinxi, the journey to Qingyuan mountain, and the preface to Zhu Bitan's poems. At the beginning of the poem, it was gorgeous. After returning to the field, it was dispirited. In the Qing Dynasty, Shen Deqian praised his five character ancient poetry, saying: "however, the five character ancient poetry also has a glimpse of beauty and Xie Tangwei, and there is no shallow language or smooth language.". The representative poems include climbing the top of Jinshan pass, visiting Bailu cave and Magu mountain.

There are twenty-five volumes in the collection of poems and essays, which were compiled by Zhang Rushan, a native of the county, during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty and published during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. In addition, he has also written excerpts of wanfangtang, zunyanzi, Wang shenzhengji, selected works of Mr. Wang Zunyan, selected works of Wang Zunyan, etc.

Literary ideas

secretariat style

Since Yongle, "Taige style" has dominated the literary world for a long time, resulting in poor content, redundant chapters and weak style of writing, which has brought serious challenges to literature

Chinese PinYin : Wang Shen Zhong