Wang Daokun

Wang Daokun

Wang Daokun (1525-1593) was a writer in Ming Dynasty. The word Boyu is called Nanming and taihan. He was born in Nansong Mingshan, Xixi County, she County, Anhui Province.

Life of the characters

Wang Daokun, also known as Wang Shoukun, is a famous dramatist and anti Japanese general in Ming Dynasty. He was born in Songming mountain, xixinan Township, Shexian County, Huizhou. In the 26th year of Jiajing, Jinshi and Zhang Juzheng shared the same branch. He was appointed as magistrate of Yiwu county at the beginning. He was appointed as magistrate of the military affairs department of Yiwu county. He was appointed as magistrate of Xiangyang County, governor of Fujian Province, governor of Fujian Province, governor of Yunyang city and Huguang city The Minister of the Ministry. At the age of 3, he was enlightened by his grandfather. His grandfather dictated a hundred Tang poems, all of which could be recited. When guests come, they are often asked to recite Tang poems to enliven the atmosphere. Six years old, studying in a private school, he is extremely intelligent and never forgets. When he was young, he often read some non imperial examination books, such as unofficial history and novels. He tried to make opera, but was forbidden by his father. He was born in the county at the age of 19. After he was 20, he had an experience of studying in Zhejiang Province and was taught by Shao Shide, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province. Wang Daokun became a scholar in the middle of 1547. He has successively served as Yiwu county magistrate, Xiangyang Prefecture magistrate, Fujian Deputy envoy, and Zuo Shilang of the Ministry of war. Wang Daokun is not only outstanding in his military strategy, but also in his literary skills. He is a prolific writer with 120 volumes of Tai Han Ji, 106 volumes of prose and 1520 poems. Wang Daokun is proficient in music and has a high standard in opera creation. His dramas are fresh, elegant, humorous and influential. There are five kinds handed down from generation to generation: Gaotang dream, Wuhu tour, Yuanshan opera, Luoshui sorrow and Tangminghuang Qixi Changsheng hall. In addition, he has written one volume of "a brief account of Beilu" and one volume of "a Book of counting money leaves". There is a biography of Wang Daokun in Wenyuan biography of Ming history.

Main contributions

Although Wang Daokun's literary name is not satisfied, his dramas do not live up to expectations. Today, there are four kinds of dramas, Gaotang dream, Wuhu tour, Yuanshan opera and Luoshui sorrow. They are all short dramas, collectively known as Da Ya Tang Yue Fu. The love stories of historical figures are all based on false Legends: Gaotang dream narrates Chu Xiang Wang's meeting with Wushan Goddess in his dream, the theme of which is Song Yu's Gaotang Fu; Wu Hu You narrates Yue King Gou Jian's suspicions of meritorious officials after Pingwu, and Fan Li retreats bravely at the chance to go to Taihu with Xi Shi; Yuanshan opera takes the story of Han Jing Zhao Yin Zhang Chang indulging in the happiness of his wife and thrushing for his wife; Luo Shui Bei narrates Zhen After the soul of Luoshui God, and Cao Zhi but Acacia debt adventure. It can be seen from the contents of the above four dramas that Wang Daokun's Zaju represents a tendency for the literati to create fake operas to amuse themselves after their officialdom. Therefore, the subject range is narrow, and they mostly write about literati's elegant affairs, which lacks positive significance. In terms of art, Wang Daokun's poems are elegant and euphemistic, but not dramatic. Therefore, Shen De Fu criticized it as "neither should be done" (Gu Qu Za Yan). "Da Ya Tang Yue Fu" has the original edition of Wan Li Jian. The preface of Wang Dao Kun's Jiajing 39 (1560) is in the front of the volume. It can be seen that all the four plays were written by Wang before he was 35 years old. In Gu Qu Za Yan, Shen De Fu said that he had seen Wang Daokun's play "Tang Ming emperor Qixi Changsheng Palace", but there was no other record to prove it. (Xu Shuofang's chronicle of Qu family in late Ming Dynasty says that the palace of eternal life on the seventh day of the emperor of Tang and Ming Dynasties should be Shen's mistake, which is not enough to be relied on.) Wang Daokun also wrote 120 volumes of Tai Han Ji in Ming Dynasty. According to Shen Defu's Ye Huo Bian, Wang Daokun wrote preface to the outlaws of the marsh with the help of a foreign minister from mingtiandu. In the preface, the hero of Liangshan is praised for his "chivalrous style, without the evil of the mob", and his descriptive art is also praised for its "good history, good painting, thick and thin distance, and good dyeing".

Anecdotes of characters

Beat up the Japanese pirates

Wang Daokun lived in the Jiajing and Wanli years, which was the peak period of Japanese pirates' invasion of the southeast coast, and the people suffered from it. Since he took office as Yiwu county magistrate, Wang Daokun has actively organized people to practice martial arts and military training to realize national defense. When he was deputy envoy of Fujian Province, he cooperated with Qi Jiguang, a national hero, in planning and recruiting "Yiwu soldiers" to fight in the front, and defeated the Japanese pirates. For a time, the whole country was inspired. In his later years, he took up an important position in the military department, went to the front line of coastal defense to inspect, boldly reformed the maladministration from the perspective of national defense as a whole, and put forward a complete set of military plans to strengthen border defense. For example, after the implementation of the plan for the construction of urban defense in Wuhu County, people's lives and property have been protected. The people of Wuhu specially engraved his "Wuhu County record" on the upper floor of the city gate to commemorate the "beginning with emphasis".

And Xin'an School of poetry

In the middle of Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, Wang Shizhen and Li Panlong founded the post seven school and advocated the literary restoration. At the time of Longqing and Wanli, the Xin'an poetry circle with Huizhou as the center rose. A group of Xin'an poets headed by Wang Daokun founded the Xin'an poetry school. Xin'an School of poetry established fenggan society and Baiyu society, and there were many talented people in the school. Wang Daokun has a close relationship with Wang Shizhen, the leader of the "last seven sons" in the literary world. His biggest friendship activity is that Wang Daokun regards himself as the host of Huangshan Mountain and rents several famous gardens to receive more than 100 scholars and guests from three Wu and two Zhejiang provinces led by Wang Shizhen. In the 45th year of Jiajing period, Wang Daokun left Fujian Province as governor. He led Xin'an poet Jie Feng to the poetry society. In the fourth year of Longqing, Yunyang governor was appointed. Two years later, he was the right servant of the Ministry of war and moved to the left. In the third year of Wanli, because of the impeachment of Yan Guan, he lived in Li for nearly 20 years. He devoted himself to poetry and prose, and led the poets of "the last seven sons" to sing poems and wine. His reputation was similar to that of Wang Shizhen.

Character evaluation

Wang Daokun's youth studied non imperial examination literature and history, and tried to make operas, which laid the foundation for his later literary creation. At the same time, these unofficial, simple and beautiful folk literature also objectively cultivated his sentiment, and cast his life character of caring for the weak, fighting for justice, and fighting for evil. Although Wang Daokun was a Hui merchant, he was diligent and pragmatic, devoted to his duties, and had a strong sense of "people-oriented". When he was the magistrate of Xiangyang, he had won the hearts of the people by "building levees for thousands of years to prevent the Han River from overflowing". When he was the governor of Huguang, he was the first governor of Huguang. The nest is covered by the pruning of Typha in Dongting. Yuan, Xiang, Jiang, and Han Dynasties, and the people's comfort in their pillows and bedrooms are also bestowed by their teachers. " He fought side by side with Qi Jiguang on the front line of Anti Japanese war in Fujian Province, "planning day and night, and those who don't sleep for six days" to save the coastal people from fire and water. It can be seen that he loves the people like a son and deeply sympathizes with the suffering of the people. At the end of Jiajing, Hu Zongxian, the commander-in-chief of Anti Japanese War, died unjustly in prison. Wang Daokun didn't sit idly by because of Hu's bad manners, such as clinging to the powerful traitor Yan Song and his son, and embezzling military salaries. Instead, he lamented with the friendship of his colleagues and hometown, wrote poems and cried for him, and wrote books to redress his grievances. After 25 years, he was finally vindicated Sense of righteousness.

Disputes

Doubt on Jin Ping Mei

Mr. Gou Dong, a native of Huizhou District, Huangshan City, South Anhui Province, cites the classics to study the Huizhou characteristics of slang, architectural style, furniture and so on. He believes that the author of Jin Ping Mei is Lan Ling Xiao Xiao Sheng, who is Wang Daokun, a famous scholar of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty.

Reason one

Wang Daokun left his hometown as an official at the age of 23, and then returned home twice. He has lived in his hometown Huizhou for 45 years. He knows his hometown, where the poor can't eat enough and clothes can't cover his body, while the rich businessmen and tycoons spend their time and drink. They treat the rich and the poor with respect, and the gap between the rich and the poor is huge. He deeply sympathizes with the working masses. It is obvious that Wang Daokun hated the rich and powerful gentry who relied on wealth, extravagance, concubines, collusion with the government and oppressed the people in his hometown. He is familiar with the plot of outlaws of the marsh, and takes it as the blueprint to tell the past events, express his anger, and enrich the book Jin Ping Mei.

Reason two

The cultural exchanges between the East and the west along the southeast coast of China are frequent. The West opposes asceticism and religious views. With the budding of capitalist relations of production, the humanistic ideology is gradually introduced into China. This has a deep feeling for Wang Daokun, who lives in the hometown of Cheng Zhu, who has feudal clan power and husband power. In his hometown with developed commerce, many businessmen may never return, leaving behind a large number of independent businessmen Keep the empty boudoir. Under the shackles of the feudal Neo Confucianism, these business women, with the idea of "to starve to death is a small matter, but to be ungrateful is a big one", devoted themselves to the old and raised the young, and ended their lives in isolation. His feelings are pathetic, pitiful and lamentable. As a result, Pan Jinlian, as a representative, bravely breaks through the shackles of traditional engagement, pursues the freedom and happiness of individual life, and the figure with western humanism color appears on the paper. Together with Ximen Qing, it forms the main character basket of Jin Ping Mei.

Reason 3

Wang Daokun's book Jinpingmei, which is based on the outlaws of the marsh, has another deep meaning, that is, the Song Dynasty, which was weak and incompetent, strong in the outside and strong in the middle, alluded to the Ming Dynasty, which was corrupt in official administration and suffered from internal and external troubles. In the Ming Dynasty, the palace was in chaos, and eunuchs and maids became "couples" in the form of folk couples. For example, Wei Zhongxian, the notorious Eunuch in the reign of Tianqi, and the Hakka family, the lactating mother of Tianqi emperor, formed a "pair of food" relationship. They worked in collusion with each other, and their power was tilted to the government and the opposition. They did all the bad things, which can be called the peak of this phenomenon. Wang Daokun, who is good at the creation of folk literature such as drama and novels, feels that it is easy to conceive a promiscuous group centered on "XiMenqing" and to allude to the extravagant court life.

Personal writings

Wang Daokun is a master of both literature and martial arts. He works in poetry and works with Wang Shizhen. There are 120 volumes of Tai Han Ji. He is well versed in music, and his dramas have been handed down to the world: dreams of the Gaotang Dynasty, a tour of the five lakes, Yuanshan opera and Luoshui opera

Chinese PinYin : Wang Dao Kun