Yang Jiong

Yang Jiong

Yang Jiong (650-693) was born in Huayin, Huazhou (now Huayin, Shaanxi). He is the great grandson of Yang Chu, a minister and writer of the Tang Dynasty. Together with Wang Bo, Lu Zhaolin and Luo Binwang, he is known as the "four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty".

Intelligent and erudite, outstanding literary talent. Xianqing four years (659 years), Jinshi and, granted hongwenguan system. In the third year of the Shang Yuan Dynasty (676), he took part in the examination system and became a scholar. In the first year of Yongchun (682), he was promoted to Prince (Li Xian) Zhan Shizhi. In 686, he was demoted to Zizhou judicial service. Ruyi first year (692), moved to Yingchuan county magistrate. Ruyi two years (693), died in office.

He is good at writing prose, especially poetry. There are more than 30 poems in existence, which are characterized by breaking through the "palace style poetry" of Qi and Liang dynasties in content and artistic style, and play a connecting role in the history of poetry development. Tong Pei of Ming Dynasty has ten volumes of Yang Yingchuan collection.

Life of the characters

Young child prodigy

Yang Jiong was very intelligent and erudite when he was young. In the fourth year of Tang Xianqing (659), he was promoted to be a child prodigy. In the fifth year of Tang Xianqing (660), Yang Jiong was 11 years old, waiting for hongwenguan, waiting for 16 years.

When he first entered the Hongwen library, Yang Jiong was young and didn't pay much attention to whether he was an official or not. With the treatment of "giving birth" and being able to "wait for the system" in Hongwen library, I feel satisfied. However, with the growth of years, the deepening of experience and knowledge, the belief of "learning is excellent, then becoming an official" sprouted strongly. During this period, Yang Jiong created "Ode to green moss" and "Ode to orchid" to express his desire for official career, but failed to meet his talent.

Book of secret Mansion

After 16 years in hongwenguan, Yang Jiong applied for the imperial examination in Beijing in 676, the third year of Shangyuan period of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty. According to the second edition of the new book of the Tang Dynasty, there are ten proofreaders in the Secretary Province, four of whom are on the top of the nine grades, four of whom are on the bottom of the nine grades, who are in charge of collating ancient books and publishing articles Yang Jiong, who had the ideal of governing the country, was nearly 30 years old when he got a junior official of nine grades who "collated the classics". He was very upset about his official career. During that time, he created Hun Tian Ren to show his feelings.

During the reign of Tang Yifeng (676-679), Dr. Su Zhiji, a doctor of Taichang, went to the court and suggested that the crown dress system should be renegotiated. The emperor ordered a division to deliberate. Yang Jiong wrote "Gongqing lower crown service", reviewed the ancient Canon system, and pointed out that Su Zhiji's proposal was not accepted by the emperor.

Official East Palace

In the second year of Tang Yonglong (681), Yang Jiong was recommended by Xue Yuanchao as the Bachelor of chongwenguan. In the first year of Yongchun (682), Yang Jiong was promoted to be the Prince (Li Xian) Zhan Shizhi, the Bachelor of chonghongwenguan, and in charge of the common affairs of the prince's east palace.

After six or seven years of depression from the Secretary Province, Yang Jiong finally became Prince Zhan Shizhi from the end of the ninth grade. He also served as a famous scholar of Chongwen library, and began a great leap in his official career. According to the new Tang Dynasty book, there are two officers in the East Palace Zhan Shifu, who are on the seventh grade and are in charge of impeachment of bureaucrats and leading the army of the government Zhan Shizhi is a close official of the crown prince. He is in charge of the internal affairs of the eastern palace, and his position is very important. Facing such a leap in official career, Yang Jiong's heart is excited. During the period, he created "Ode to court chrysanthemum" and other articles to express his joy.

Relegated to Zizhou

In September of the third year of Tang Yongchun (684), Yang shenrang, the son of Yang degan, uncle Yang Jiong, followed Xu Jingye to attack Wu Zetian in Yangzhou. After the incident subsided, Yang degan's father and son were killed, and Yang Jiong was implicated. In 686, Yang Jiong was demoted to Zizhou, Sichuan (now Santai County, Sichuan), where he served as a judicial soldier, ending his 26 year stable life in Chang'an.

Teaching in the palace

In 690, Yang Jiong returned to Luoyang. Wu Zetian ordered Yang Jiong and song Zhiwen to study art directly and take charge of the teaching and learning of officials, such as calligraphy and arithmetic. Although he was depressed because of his low official position, he still praised Wu Zetian heartily.

On July 15, the first year of Ruyi (692), a Yulan basin came out of the palace and a Buddhist temple was set up. Wu Zetian watched with the officials on the upper floor of the gate of Luonan. Yang Jiong presented "Ode to the basin of Orchids" to praise Wu Zetian for her "new life of Zhou Dynasty". He hoped that Wu Zetian, as a "holy emperor", could "serve as a virtuous prime minister, disobey customs, be far away from sycophants, take measures to punish and punish, and save travel and banquets." Donating Zhuji, baoshusu, dismissing officials, and showing sympathy for the lack of people "became the model of the emperor.

The end of the trail

In the winter of the first year of Tang Ruyi (692), Yang Jiong became the magistrate of Yingchuan (now Quzhou, Zhejiang). About the second year of Ruyi (693), Yang Jiong died in office.

When Yang Jiong went to Yingchuan, Zhang said that he presented a farewell to Yang Yingchuan admonition. Due to the different understandings of the historians of the past dynasties, there were two kinds of views after Yang Jiong was appointed as Yingchuan commander. One was that Yang Jiong was cruel in politics. According to the old book of the Tang Dynasty, "Jiong was an official, and he was cruel in politics. He also lives in the mansion, where there are many Jinshi pavilions. All of them are well-known for their books and titles. He laughs from far and near. " Another view is that Yang Jiong was in charge of the government and loved the people. In Yingchuan village, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province (the former site of Yingchuan), there was a temple of Yang Jiong beside the village, in which there was a statue of Yang Jiong. In the temple, there was a couplet: "in those days, there were five pines outside Yingchuan city; in generations, there were virtuous orders, and there were thousands of beans beside the splashing river." It shows that the local people have regarded Yang Jiong as a "virtuous order" for thousands of years. For example, Yang Jiong was cruel in his administration, so he would not have such a good name after his death.

Main achievements

Poetry

In the early Tang Dynasty, the style of court poetry represented by Shangguan style reached its peak in the reign of Emperor Gaozong Xianqing (656-661) and the reign of emperor longshuo (661-663). The atmosphere of Shangguan style pays too much attention to the antithesis of sound and rhythm, stresses the so-called "six pairs" and "eight pairs", and ignores the essence of poetry. Although Yang Jiong was born in a poor family, he was full of talent, had a high disposition, and despised the powerful. Therefore, there is a clear line between him and the palace style poetry school headed by shangguanyi. What he sings is his own experiences and feelings, and what he expresses is his true feelings. In sharp contrast to his singing of the Tang Dynasty, he broke through the shangguanti style and opened up a new style of poetry.

In the early Tang Dynasty, the four outstanding poets took it as their own duty to get rid of the floating habits in the poetry world, and criticized the upper official style. They led the narrow palace world to the broad market, from the narrow Taige to the mountain and river frontier fortress, and developed the content of poetry, endowed new life, improved the ideological significance of poetry, and displayed the fresh and vigorous style of poetry. Yang Jiong is no exception. For example, "seeing off Zhou Sigong in Zizhou" presents the scene that the author looks southwest at night after seeing off his friends, worried about the difficulties of Shu Road and when he will meet again, with sincere feelings; for example, "marching in the army" written under the mentality of yearning for achievements can be regarded as one of Yang Jiong's best poems, which is vigorous in writing and straightforward in emotion; Yang Jiong also has a group of Three Gorges poems, which are more realistic and natural in scenery, and they support things Minghuai is a good work to break free from the bondage of palace style poetry. In Yang Jiong's farewell poems, there is no elegant, leisurely and self-sufficient style of taste palace, but always permeated with his melancholy and lonely figure and upward passion. Most of them are plain and true, with a lot of true feelings. For example, in "night to send Zhao Zong", the language of the whole poem is refined, simple and allusive. Yang Jiong is one of the four outstanding poets who is good at five rhythms. His "marching in the army" is a popular five character poem in terms of tonality, antithesis of words and the method of starting and ending. The 14 existing five character poems are completely in line with the stick style of the near style, which is a kind of intentional pursuit, clearing up the glamorous trend since Qi and Liang dynasties, and contributing to the formation of the five character poems.

Ci Fu

Yang Jiong has eight existing Fu, of which three are eulogizing works. The ode to the old man's star is to use the old man's star (i.e. Antarctica star) to praise the magnificent royal grace and the peaceful world. At the beginning of this Fu, the emperor's power of "supreme virtue inheriting heaven" was extolled. At last, the old man star was used as a metaphor to praise the emperor's kindness and virtue, and to wish the emperor a long life.

Tingju Fu eulogizes Xue Yuanchao's book of Yangzhong by means of the fragrant autumn chrysanthemum of Gao Jie. Yang Jiong, to Xue Yuanchao, can be described as a lifelong gratitude. This kind of gratitude is the motive force and the source of emotion flowing in his creation of this Fu. A preface before Fu, explaining the writing background, shows that the scholars were invited by Xue Yuanchao to hold the Fu Ju grand meeting in the East Hall of zuochun square, the official residence of Xue Yuanchao. Yang Jiong took this opportunity to praise Qiu Ju's inner character, in order to praise Xue Yuanchao's noble moral character. Although the whole Fu is a compliment, the content of the Fu is elegant and gorgeous, and it does not break through the routine of officialdom.

Like the old man's star Fu, Yulan pen Fu is also a eulogizing article. In addition to the three Ode to virtue, Yang Jiong also had several Ode to show his ambition by borrowing things, which were probably written before he became an official. As a result of the long-term "waiting for hongwenguan", there is no way to become an official, his heart will naturally sprout a kind of resentment and sadness after being neglected, so he uses things to express his mind. Qingtai Fu, Youlan Fu and Fuyu Fu are also the products of this kind of background and mentality. The structure and content of these three Fu are basically the same. They all express their ambition by praising the things they describe.

rhythmical prose characterized by parallelism and ornateness

Yang Jiong has 46 parallel prose, which can be divided into three categories. The first type is written for the dead, including Shinto tablets, epitaphs, deeds and sacrificial rites. The number of such articles is the largest, a total of 27, most of which are invited by the dead

Chinese PinYin : Yang Jiong