Wei Tuo

Wei Tuo

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Wei Tuo? (137 BC), Zhending (now the East ancient city of Shijiazhuang). In 218 B.C., he was ordered by the first emperor of Qin to levy Lingnan. After the South Vietnam was determined, he was appointed as the order of Nanhai county (now Guangzhou City) and Longchuan County (now Longchuan County, Guangdong Province).

Personage introduction

During the reign of Emperor Qin II, Wei Tuo was entrusted by Nanhai Wei Ren Xiao to conduct Nanhai Wei affairs. After Qin's death, he sent troops to attack Guilin county (which is located in the southwest ancient city of today's Guiping County in Guangxi) and Xiang county (which is located in today's Chongzuo County in Guangxi), established himself as the king of Nanyue, implemented the policy of ethnic equality of "He Yi Bai Yue", and took a series of measures to develop the local economy and culture. In 196 B.C., Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty issued an imperial edict praising Wei Tuo for his political achievements, making him the king of Nanyue, and sent Lu Jia, a senior official, as an envoy to appease him. Wei Tuo accepted the imperial edict and became a minister in the Han Dynasty. In the reign of empress Lu, the goods embargo was imposed on Nanyue. Wei Tuo wrote three times, but it was invalid. Then he became independent angrily in the fifth year of empress Gao (183 BC) and named himself "Nanyue Wudi". In the first year of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty (179 BC), Emperor Wen issued an imperial edict to repair the tomb of Wei Tuo's ancestors (in the southeast of zhaolingpu village in the suburb of Shijiazhuang city today), and set up a garrison. When he was old, he was worshipped. He became a relative of Wei Tuo's hometown. He was granted a generous official gift. He also wrote a letter to Wei Tuo and sent Lu Jia to Nanyue with the letter. Therefore, Wei Tuo cancelled the imperial title and wrote the book of emperor Shangshang, which expressed his feelings of subjecting to the Han Dynasty and governing Nanyue. Wei Tuo died in the fourth year of Jianyuan reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (137 BC) and ruled Vietnam for nearly 80 years. He made contributions to the development of Lingnan and the maintenance of the unity of a multi-ethnic country.

Ancient records

Historical records: biographies of Nanyue

original text

Wei Tuo, the king of Nanyue, was a Zhending person, surnamed Zhao. In the Qin Dynasty, Yang Yue had been conquered. He set up Guilin, Nanhai and Xiangjun to exile the people. He was 13 years old with Yue. Tuo was used as the South China Sea Longchuan order in the Qin Dynasty. At the time of the second emperor, Nanhai Wei Ren Xiao was ill and died. He called Longchuan and ordered Zhao Tuo to say, "when we heard that Chen Sheng and others were in trouble, Qin had no way and the world was suffering. Xiang Yu, Liu Ji, Chen Sheng, Wu Guang and other prefectures and prefectures all joined forces to fight for the world. Tigers were fighting for the world. China was in turmoil and the unknown place was safe. Heroes were standing side by side of Qin. The South China Sea is so far away that I'm afraid of invading the land by stealing troops. I'd like to build up a new army and prepare for myself. When the princes change, I'll be very ill. In addition, Panyu has mountains and perils, blocking the South China Sea, thousands of miles from the east to the West. There are quite a number of Chinese people assisting each other. This is also the head of a state, which can establish a state. The chief officials in the county had no enough to talk with, so they called for a public announcement. " He was written by Tuo. He was a South China sea captain. When he died, Tuo called on Hengpu, Yangshan and huangxiguan and said, "if you want to steal troops, you'll have to gather them to defend yourself." Because he used the law to punish the officials of Qin Dynasty, he took his party as a false guard. Qin had been destroyed, and Tuo defeated Guilin and Xiangjun, and established himself as King Wu of Nanyue. Emperor Gao had decided to work hard for China, so he interpreted Tuo Fu Zhu. In the 11th year of the Han Dynasty, Lu Jia was sent to establish Tuo as the king of Nanyue. He communicated with Kaifu and collected Baiyue. He did not suffer from the disaster in the South and joined Changsha. When Gao Hou was in power, he asked the Secretary to ban the iron wares in Guanshi, South Vietnam. Tuo said, "emperor Gao established me to use things. Now and then he will listen to the slandered officials. He will be different from the barbarians and isolate the utensils. This must be the plan of the king of Changsha. He wants to rely on China to destroy Nanyue and merge with the king. He has done his own good." So tuonai, who was honored as Emperor Wu of Nanyue, sent troops to attack the border towns of Changsha and lost several counties. Gao Hou sent General Long Wu to attack it. The soldiers can't cross the mountain. More than 40 years old, Gao Hou collapsed, that is to strike. Therefore, Tuo used his troops to defend the border areas, and left his property to Minyue, Xi'ou, and Luo. His service belonged to Yan, and the East and West were more than ten thousand li. It is called the system by the left standard of Huangwu, which is similar to China.

In the first year of Emperor Xiaowen, he pacified the whole world at the beginning, and told the princes that the four Yi came from generation to generation. It was for Tuo qinyi, who was in Zhending and set up to guard the city, and was worshipped when he was old. He called his younger brother Kun and respected his officials. Chen Pingju, the Prime Minister of the imperial edict, who could make Nanyue, said that he was good at Lu Jia, and he made an envoy to Nanyue when he was the first emperor. He called Jia as Taizhong's doctor and sent him to the embassy. Because he made Tuo stand on his own as emperor, there was no one who told him. When Lu Jia arrived in Nanyue, Wang was very afraid and wrote a letter to thank him. He said, "Tuo, the elder Minister of barbarians, lived in Nanyue the day before yesterday and later. He stole and suspected the king of Changsha and slandered him. He also heard that Tuo's clan had been killed and burned

His ancestors, Kai, committed crimes on the Changsha border. In the south, there are thousands of people in the east of Fujian and Yue, who are called king, and luogyu in the west, who are also called king. The old minister steals the emperor's name to amuse himself. How dare he hear about the king of heaven I'd like to be a vassal and minister. So he ordered the Middle Kingdom to say, "I heard that the two heroes are not in the same position, and the two sages are not in the same world. The emperor, the virtuous emperor. From now on, I will go to the imperial yellow house to make the left flag. " Lu Jia also reported, Emperor Xiaowen said. Then, when he arrived at the scene of filial piety, he became a minister and asked people to go to court. However, Nanyue's residence was as famous as before, and its envoy, the son of heaven, claimed that the Dynasty's destiny was like that of the princes. He died in the fourth year of Jianyuan.

Tuosun Hu was the king of Nanyue. At this time, the king Ying of Fujian and Yue set up his army to attack the border towns of South Vietnam, and the Hu emissary wrote: "the two Yue are vassal officials, so we should not be good at attacking each other. Today, Fujian and Vietnam set up an army to invade their officials. They dare not set up an army, but the emperor ordered them. " So the emperor more South Yue righteousness, keep the appointment, in order to Xingshi, sent two generals to seek Fujian and Vietnam. Before the soldiers crossed the ridge, Yu Shan, the younger brother of the king of Fujian and Yue, killed Ying and then stopped.

The emperor sent Zhuang Zhu to inform the king of Nanyue. Hu Dun said: "the emperor is the Minister of Fujian and Vietnam, death can not repay virtue!" The prince and his baby were sent to stay together. He said, "Guoxin has been captured, and the envoys will do it. Hu Fang meets the emperor day and night. " After helping to go, his minister admonished Hu, saying: "Han Xingbing killed Ying, also to disturb South Vietnam. And the former king said that there was no impoliteness in the emperor's period. If you want it, you can't say good words. If you enter the country, you will not be able to return to it, and you will be in a state of subjugation. " So Hu said he was ill, but he was not seen. After more than ten years old, Hu Shi is very ill, Prince baby together please return. Hu Hong was posthumously named King Wen.

translation

Wei Tuo, the king of Nanyue, was from Zhending. His surname was Zhao. Qin annexed six countries, conquered and pacified Yang Yue, set up Guilin, Nanhai and Xiangjun, and resettled the people who had been moved because of crimes. They lived together with Yue people for 13 years. Wei Tuo was appointed magistrate of Longchuan County of Nanhai County in the Qin Dynasty. When Qin II arrived, Ren Huo, the South China Sea Captain, was ill and dying. He summoned Zhao Tuo, the commander of Longchuan, and said to him, "it's said that Chen Sheng and others launched a rebellion, and the Qin Dynasty carried out a policy of tyranny. People all over the world resented it. Xiang Yu, Liu Bang, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang all gathered people in their respective prefectures and counties to form an army, competing for the world like tigers, and the Central Plains was in turmoil Chaos, I do not know when peace, heroes betrayed the Qin Dynasty, mutual opposition. Nanhai county is remote and remote. I'm afraid the bandit's army will invade the land and fight here. I want to mobilize the army to cut off the new road leading to the Central Plains. I've been on guard and waiting for the change of the princes. It happens that I'm seriously ill. In addition, Panyu is a place with dangerous mountains to rely on behind, sea as a barrier in the south, thousands of miles from the east to the west, and some people from the Central Plains help us to be the head of a state and build a country. None of the officers of Nanhai county is worthy of my studying these matters with him, so I have called you to tell you these things. " Ren Xiao immediately issued an appointment document to Zhao Tuo, asking him to take the post of Nanhai county. After Ren Xiao's death, Zhao Tuo sent a proclamation to Hengpu, Yangshan and huangxiguan, saying: "the army of bandits is coming. We should quickly cut off the road, gather the army and defend ourselves." Taking this opportunity, Zhao Tuo gradually used the law to kill the officials placed in the Qin Dynasty, and used his cronies as acting officers. After the Qin Dynasty was destroyed, Zhao Tuo attacked and annexed Guilin and Xiangjun, and made himself king of Nanyue. The emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty has calmed down the whole world. Because the people in the central plains are struggling, he let Zhao Tuo go and did not kill him. In 196 B.C., Emperor Gaodi of the Han Dynasty sent Lu Jia to Nanyue, and ordered Zhao Tuo to follow his title as king of Nanyue, make an agreement with him, exchange envoys with him, and let him coordinate with Baiyue to make it live in harmony, so as not to become a disaster in the south of the Han Dynasty. South Vietnam borders Changsha in the north.

In the post high era, officials of relevant departments requested that South Vietnam be forbidden to buy Iron wares in the border market. Zhao Tuo said: "emperor Gao made me king of Nanyue, and both sides exchanged envoys and materials. Now empress Gao believed the opinions of slandered officials, regarded barbarians as alien, and cut off the source of the utensils we needed. This must be the proposition of King Changsha. He wanted to rely on the Han Dynasty in the Central Plains to eliminate Nanyue, and to be king of Nanyue, and to establish his own credit." So Zhao Tuo, who was good at adding honorary titles, called himself Emperor Wu of South Vietnam and sent troops to attack the border cities of Changsha. He defeated several counties before leaving. Empress Gao sent General Zhou Zao to attack Zhao Tuo. In the hot and humid climate, most of the soldiers were seriously ill, so that the army could not cross the Yangshan mountains. More than a year later, when Gao Hou died, the Han Army stopped attacking. Therefore, Zhao Tuo, relying on his army, used his wealth to bribe Minyue, Xi'ou and Luoyue, so that they all belonged to Nanyue, and his territory was more than 10000 Li from east to west. Zhao Tuo actually took the yellow house left flag car and issued orders as emperor, which was equal to the status of the Han Dynasty.

In the first year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty (179 BC), the emperor had just ruled the world, so he sent envoys to the princes and the four barbarians to tell them his idea of coming to Beijing from the state of Dai and let them know the emperor's holy virtue. So he set up a family to guard Zhao Tuo's parents' grave in Zhending. Every year, he held sacrifices on time, and called his cousins to show his love for them with his noble official position and rich rewards. The emperor ordered the Prime Minister Chen Ping to recommend people who could be sent to Nanyue. Chen Ping said that Lu Jia, a haochou man, had been sent to Nanyue many times during the reign of the former Emperor. The emperor summoned Lu Jia, appointed him as Taizhong doctor, and went to Nanyue as an envoy. He took the opportunity to blame Zhao Tuo for becoming emperor, but did not send an envoy to report to the emperor. When Lu Jia arrived in Nanyue, Zhao, the king of Nanyue, was particularly frightened. He wrote to the emperor to apologize, saying: "Tuo, the elder Minister of barbarians, isolated and discriminated against Nanyue

Chinese PinYin : Wei Tuo