Longevity dish(zhang shou cai )

Longevity dish:

Raw materials for making longevity dish:

There are 500g Shuifa mushroom, 50g jingdongzhu, 20g soy sauce, 5g sugar, 1g monosodium glutamate, 30g peanut oil, 15g sesame oil, 3G wet starch and 150g fresh soup.

Processing steps of longevity dish:

1. Remove the stem of Lentinus edodes and wash it repeatedly with clean water. Cut the bamboo shoots into 4 cm long slices.

2. Heat up the frying pan, add the oil to 60% or 70% heat, stir fry the bamboo shoots, add 150 grams of soy sauce, sugar, monosodium glutamate and fresh soup, bring to a boil on high heat, move the low heat to simmer for about 15 minutes, until the mushrooms are soft and cooked, inhale the marinade, when the mushrooms are fat, move the high heat to collect the juice, thicken with wet starch, stir fry a few times, pour sesame oil on, and then put them on the pan.

Characteristics of longevity dish:

Lentinus edodes is soft, ripe and delicious.

Attention should be paid to making longevity dish:

Mushroom selection and other meat thickness is better, to soak soft hair thoroughly. Cooking to use a small fire simmer, make it absorb enough gravy, delicious when eating.

Sweet potato

synonym

Longevity dish generally refers to sweet potato (Convolvulaceae)

Sweet potato (scientific name: < Ipomoea batatas < / I (L.) Lam.) is also known as Ganchu, sweet potato, Zhushu, Jinshu, fanru, hongyam, yuzhenshu, yam, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, a'e, Meng sweet potato. Annual herb with round, oval or spindle tuberous roots in the underground part, stems lying or ascending, occasionally twining, many branches, leaf shape and color often vary from variety to variety, usually wide ovate, petiole length varies, cyme axillary, capsule ovate or oblate, 1-4 seeds, usually 2 seeds, glabrous.

Sweet potato is native to South America and the greater and Lesser Antilles Islands. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and in most parts of China.

Sweet potato is a kind of food crop with high yield and strong adaptability, which is closely related to industrial and agricultural production and people's life. In addition to being the main grain, it is also an important raw material for food processing, starch and alcohol manufacturing industries. Roots, stems and leaves are excellent feeds.

(general picture reference: Chinese herbarium)

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History of Botany

Sweet potato was first planted in Mexico and Colombia in Central America. It was brought by Spaniards to the Philippines and other countries for cultivation,

Sweet potato was first introduced into China in Wanli period of the late Ming Dynasty. It entered China by three routes: Yunnan, Guangdong and Fujian.

It is generally believed that the introduction of sweet potato to China originated in the 21st year of Wanli (1593).

In the Ming Dynasty, Chen Zhenlong, a native of Changle, Fujian Province, who had been doing business in Luzon (the Philippines) for many years, and his son Chen Jinglun, saw that a root tuber called "sweet potato" was grown locally. The root tuber was "big as a fist, red in skin, crisp and juicy in heart, edible both raw and cooked, with high yield and barren tolerance". Thinking of his hometown of Fujian, where there are many mountains, few fields, poor land and insufficient food, Chen Zhenlong is determined to introduce sweet potato to China. In 1593, under the Spanish colonial rule, the Philippines regarded sweet potato as a strange commodity and "prohibited from leaving the country". After careful planning, Chen Zhenlong "twisted the rattan into the water rope" and smeared mud on the rope surface. In the early summer of 1593, he skillfully avoided the check of the colonists and "got to cross the sea". He sailed for seven days and returned to Xiamen, Fujian Province in late May of the lunar calendar. Sweet potato is called "sweet potato" because it comes from outside Fujian. Chen's introduction of sweet potato was discussed in Xu Guangqi's agricultural administration book and Tan Qian's Zaolin Zazu.

After the introduction of sweet potato into China, it showed the excellent characteristics of strong adaptability, no land is not suitable, high yield, "ten stones per mu, 20 times better than planting grain.". In addition, "moistening and edible, or boiled or ground into powder, raw food such as Pueraria, cooked food such as honey, taste like water chestnut", so it can quickly spread to the mainland. At the beginning of the 17th century, there was a serious flood in the south of the Yangtze River. At that time, Xu Guangqi, a scientist, lived in Shanghai because of his father's death. He learned that sweet potatoes planted in Fujian and other places were good crops for saving famine. He introduced sweet potatoes from Fujian to Shanghai, and then spread them to Jiangsu, with a good harvest.

Chen Chuangui, the fifth grandson of Chen Zhenlong, introduced sweet potatoes to Zhejiang in the early years of Kangxi. His son Chen Shiyuan and his younger generation went to Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places to widely publicize and persuade them to grow sweet potatoes. According to the records, when Chen Shiyuan taught how to plant sweet potatoes in Jiaozhou ancient town, Shandong Province, he personally prepared the ground to raise seedlings, cut vines and cuttings, and harvested more potatoes in autumn. As a result, they spread from one generation to another, and competed to plant them. Sweet potato was quickly popularized in North China.

During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, many places were planted by the government. In Zhili, the emperor "Chizhi province Guangquan planting.". As a result of active promotion, sweet potato quickly spread throughout the country and became the fourth largest food crop in China after rice, wheat and corn. Sweet potato spread to Sichuan in 1733, Yunnan in 1735 and Guizhou in 1752. Since then, sweet potato traces all over the southwest.

morphological character

It is an annual herb with round, oval or spindle tuberous roots in the underground part. The shape, skin color and flesh color of tuberous roots vary with species or soil. Stems prostrate or ascending, occasionally twining, much branched, cylindrical or angulate, green or purple, puberulent or glabrous, stem nodes prone to adventitious roots.

The shape and color of leaves vary from variety to variety, and sometimes they have different leaf shapes on the same plant, usually broad ovate, 4-13cm long, 3-13cm wide, entire or 3-5 (- 7) - lobed, lobes broadly ovate, triangular ovate or linear lanceolate, leaf base cordate or nearly truncate, apex acuminate, both sides sparsely pilose or nearly glabrous, leaf color is dark green, yellow green, purple green The color of the apical leaf is one of the characteristics of the variety; petioles of different lengths, 2.5-20 cm long, puberulent or glabrous.

Cymes axillary, with 1-3-7 flowers clustered into umbels, peduncles 2-10.5 cm long, slightly stout, glabrous or sometimes pubescent; bracts small, lanceolate, 2-4 mm long, apical awned or cuspidate, caducous; pedicels 2-10 mm long; sepals oblong or elliptic, unequal, outer sepals 7-10 mm long, inner sepals 8-11 mm long, apex cuspidate, glabrous or sparse Corolla pink, white, lavender or purple, campanulate or funnel-shaped, 3-4 cm long, glabrous outside; stamens and styles enclosed, filament base hairy; ovary 2-4-locular, hairy or sometimes glabrous.

Flowering habits vary with varieties and growth conditions. Some varieties are easy to bloom, while others will bloom in dry climate. Flowering is common in areas with high temperature and short sunshine, but rarely in areas with low temperature. Capsule ovate or oblate, with pseudoseptum, divided into 4 chambers. Seeds 1-4, usually 2, glabrous. Because sweet potato belongs to cross pollination, self pollination often does not bear fruit, so sometimes only flowering but no fruit.

Habitat of producing area

Sweet potato is native to South America and the greater and Lesser Antilles Islands. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and in most parts of China.

Growth habit

temperature

Sweet potato likes temperature, is afraid of cold, and is not cold tolerant. The suitable growth temperature is 22-30 ℃. When the temperature is lower than 15 ℃, it stops growing. The temperature requirements of different growth stages are also different. The temperature of bud stage should be 18-22 ℃. If the temperature is too high or too low, the germination rate will be affected. The temperature should be 22-25 ℃ in seedling stage, 22-30 ℃ in stem and leaf stage, and not lower than 16 ℃ in stem and leaf stage, otherwise it will hinder its growth or even stop growing; if it is lower than 8 ℃, it will cause the plant to wither and die after frost. The temperature of root block stage should be 22-25 ℃. The suitable temperature can promote the growth of the plant in each growth period and ensure the rapid number and expansion of roots.

illumination

Sweet potato likes light and is a short day crop. In the process of plant growth, it requires high light energy, which is not shade tolerant crops. From the stem and leaf stage, the longer the light energy time is, the higher the photosynthetic efficiency is. On the contrary, it will reduce the photosynthetic efficiency and affect the plant growth. The daily sunshine time should be 8-10 hours. Sufficient light can not only promote flowering and root formation, but also make more nutrients accumulate on the root tuber and make the root tuber expand.

water content

The soil water capacity should be controlled at 60-70%, and the suitable water conditions can meet the needs of different growth periods. The soil water holding capacity should be 60-80% in bud stage, seedling stage, stem and leaf stage, branching and tuber forming stage. Too low water holding capacity will cause slow root growth, resulting in weak seedlings, short seedlings and diseased seedlings. The soil water holding capacity in root block stage should be 60-70%, which can effectively promote rapid root formation and expansion. In this period, the water content should not be too large. In case of rain, the management should be strengthened, and the field ponding should be reduced to improve the drainage capacity.

soil

Sweet potato has good acid and alkali resistance and strong adaptability to soil environment. The plot with deep soil layer, loose soil, good soil quality, strong irrigation and drainage capacity and pH value between 4.2 and 8.3 should be selected.

Nutrition

In the process of plant growth, it is necessary to meet the needs of various fertilizer nutrients in different growth stages, and appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be applied

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Shou Cai