trachidermus fasciatus (song jiang lu yu )

Practice of Songjiang perch

Raw materials for making Songjiang Bass:

Sea bass, bamboo shoots, minced chicken breast, minced ham, sesame oil, Shaojiu, onion, ginger, cooked lard, wet starch, refined salt, chicken soup.

The production steps of Songjiang bass are as follows:

Remove the bone of the bass and cut it into small pieces; cook the bamboo shoots in boiling water; heat the wok, add the cooked lard to 50% heat, remove the scallion and ginger, stir fry the fish, cook Shaojiu, add chicken soup, bamboo shoots and salt, thicken the soup with wet starch, pour a little sesame oil into the wok, sprinkle the cooked chicken and ham, and serve.

The characteristics of Songjiang sea bass are as follows

The color is clean, white with red spots, the soup is thin and greasy, the meat is tender and delicious, and the aftertaste is endless.

trachidermus fasciatus

Songjiang perch (scientific name: < itrachidermus fasciatus < / I): head round, back gradually flat. There are 4 spines in the anterior operculum, the upper spines are the largest and curved upward. Dorsal fin continuous, with a deep concave. The mouth is large and the maxilla is slightly long. There are villous teeth in jaw, vomer and palate. The lower part of pectoral fin does not branch. Ventral fins 1-4. There are two orange twills on the gill membrane, which are similar to two gill leaves, so it is called "four gill perch".

It is a kind of nearshore shallow sea fish. Generally, it grows and fattens in the freshwater river connected with the sea. After sexual maturity, it falls into the river and lays eggs in the sea. The young fish return to live in the freshwater river. From the middle of February to the middle of March. After breeding, the female fish leave, and the male fish stay in the nest to protect the eggs. The newly hatched larvae are 5.3-6.3 mm in length and reach sexual maturity at 1 age. It is distributed in the Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea and East China Sea. It is a kind of valuable food fish.

Songjiang four gill perch is most famous for the perch of xiuyeqiao in Songjiang. There is a saying in Su Shi's Ode to houchibi that "the mouth is huge and the scales are thin, just like the perch of Songjiang". The Wusong River originates from Taihu Lake and flows into the sea to the East, which is rich in perch. Wujiang in Suzhou is also a famous "perch town", which is proved by Zhang Han's song of autumn wind: "when the autumn wind blows, the scenery is beautiful. Wujiang River is full of water, and the perch is full of fat. "

A brief history of species

Songjiang perch has been famous around the world for nearly 2000 years. Four gilled perch was first recorded in Cao Cao's banquet in the romance of the Three Kingdoms. There is a story about Zuo Ci, a strange man, who fished out a live Songjiang four gilled perch and cooked it immediately in front of Cao Cao. Although the novelist's words are not believable, it is also recorded in the official history of "the biography of Zuo CI in the book of the later Han Dynasty". It can be seen that Songjiang four gilled perch was famous all over the world as early as the Han Dynasty.

According to the records of Songjiang District annals, all the sea bass in the world have two gills, only Songjiang sea bass has four gills with large mouth, fine scales and Hard fin spines. Its meat is tender and fat, fresh but not fishy, no fine hair thorn, taste delicious, is one of the most delicious wild fish. It is said that only the perch under xiuye bridge in the north gate of Songjiang River is the best, and the rest is inferior. It is the hometown of perch. Under xiuye bridge, perch is precious for its tender and delicious meat and four gills.

Songjiang perch is one of the four famous freshwater fishes in China. It is not only produced in Songjiang River. According to records, it was widely distributed along the coast of China. However, Songjiang house is the most famous one. It was awarded "the first fish in Jiangnan" by Emperor Qianlong. In 1972, former US President Nixon came to Shanghai during his visit to China. Premier Zhou Enlai personally approved Songjiang four gilled bass on the menu. In 1986, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom came to Shanghai and lost a piece of good luck because this kind of fish could not be found.

It is distributed in 9 provinces and autonomous regions along the East China Sea. According to historical records, it is the most famous one under xiuye bridge in Songjiang, so it is named "Songjiang perch". According to the records of fishes in China, the records of fishes in the East China Sea, and the book of the later Han Dynasty, the second chapter of Fangshu, Zuo Ci, the author of the book of the later Han Dynasty, he took care of the guests and said, "today's high meeting, I'd like to have a little bit of treasure and shame, so I'd like to have a little bass ear in Songjiang of Wu." Taiping Yulan volume 937 quoted Tang Du Bao's Daye Shiyi Lu: "in the sixth year, Wu Jun offered Songjiang dried sea bass. The sea bass meat was as white as snow. It was not fishy. The so-called golden fish and jade fish were delicious in the southeast." It is also called "Songjiang perch" and "Songjiang perch". The poem of Huang Mi's new painting of Wujiang River written by Jin Dang huaiying: "in the middle of the water, the fat fish goes up against the net, and the net should be fresh." In his poem "getting perch in the afternoon food", the king of Qing Dynasty Shi Zhen said: "the mirage and the wild goose do not love each other, and the wisp and the sea perch love each other."

morphological character

The head and body of Songjiang perch are wide and flat in front, thin and flat in back. The head is large, and the spines and ribs on the back of the head are covered by the skin. The mouth is large and the end position is good. Villous fine teeth were found in upper and lower jaw, vomer and jawbone. The distance between eyes is narrow and concave. There are four spines on the posterior edge of the anterior operculum, the largest of which is the upper spine, with the end of which is hook shaped and tilted backward and upward. The branchial foramen are wide. The free protuberance of the posterior edge of the anterior operculum resembles a gill hole, so it is also called four gill perch. There are granular and spiny cortical processes in the body. There are 2 dorsal fins, slightly connected at the base, starting above the axillary part of pectoral fin and ending near the base of caudal fin. The anal fin is long, without spines. Pectoral fin broad, oval. Ventral fins ventral, narrow, base close to each other. Caudal fin truncate, posterior margin slightly rounded.

The dorsal side of the body is yellowish brown and grayish brown, and the ventral side is yellowish white. Its body color can change with the environment and physiological state. There are four dark brown transverse bands on the body side, one on the rostral side and one on the present side. The posterior margin of the anterior operculum on the head side of adult fish is orange red, and there are two orange red oblique bands on the operculum, which are particularly bright in breeding season. The base of the anal fin has a longitudinal orange stripe. The ventral fins are grayish white, and the other fins are yellowish brown with several rows of dark brown stripes. There was a black brown patch on the anterior part of the first dorsal fin, the pectoral fin and the base of the caudal fin. In the breeding season, there are two orange red oblique bands on the gill operculum of adult fish head side, which are like four exposed gill leaves.

There are some differences between male and female: the head of male is wide, the snout is round and blunt, with urogenital papilla, and the body color is deep; the head of female is narrow and long, the snout is slightly sharp, without urogenital papilla, and the body color is light.

Songjiang perch weighs less than two Liang and is less than five inches long. It looks a bit like a Channa tangensis. Its head is large and flat, and its length accounts for one third of the whole body length. The mouth is wide and full of coarse teeth. There are four sharp spines behind the gill operculum of Lateolabrax japonicus, and a small piece of fleshy membrane extends backward, which is called gill operculum. There are two bright orange red stripes on the top and left of the membrane, which are very similar to the gills growing outside. People think that bass has two gills inside and two gills outside, so it is called "four gill bass". Songjiang perch is not surprising, even a little ugly, but its meat is white as snow, fat, tender and delicious, with few spines and no fishy smell. It can be eaten with good taste and endless aftertaste. Moreover, it has high nutritional value, ranking first among wild fish. According to Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, "Songjiang perch can nourish the five internal organs, strengthen the muscles and bones, harmonize the intestines and stomach, benefit the liver and kidney, treat water and Qi, stabilize the fetus and nourish the middle, and eat more pleasant food."

Habitat

It is a coastal migratory fish that can grow in salty fresh water and pure fresh water. Young fish swim upstream from late April to early June, with the peak in May. The adult fish landed in the sea from November to February next year. Every spring, the young fish swim from the Yangtze River Estuary to the inland river to grow and fatten; in autumn, after sexual maturity, they swim to the junction of seawater and fresh water in the Yangtze River Estuary to lay eggs and reproduce.

Life habit

In April, the small fish of sea bass enter fresh water from the Yangtze Estuary. They grow and fatten in fresh water, and then descend into the river to breed from December to January. They live in benthos, lurk at the bottom of water in the daytime and move at night. It is a carnivorous fish. It mainly feeds on shrimp and small fish.

Distribution range

Native to the coastlines of China, Japan and South Korea. It is found in coastal areas of Bohai Sea and even in Xiamen, China. Songjiang River is the most famous inland water system.

This species is only distributed in China, the west coast of Korea and Yalu River, Datong River and other rivers in the world. It is also found in the open sea and other coastal rivers in Kyushu Island, Japan, such as zhuhouchuan River, jialaichuan River and so on.

In China, the distribution of historical records is quite extensive, and its population is almost all over the southeast coast of central and South China and related river waters, starting from Yalu River Estuary in the north and reaching Jiulong River Estuary in the south, such as Xiamen, Zhoushan, Ningbo, Jiaxing, Nanjing, Yangtze River Delta, Yangtze River Estuary, coastal areas of Northern Jiangsu, Jiaozhou Bay, Yantai, Qinhuangdao, Zhuanghe, Yingkou, Dalian and Northern Taiwan It covers almost seven provinces (Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and Taiwan) and two cities (Tianjin and Shanghai).

Mode of reproduction

Songjiang perch grows and fattens in fresh water, inhabits in the bottom of clean water, lurks in the daytime and moves at night, preys on shrimps and small fish. One year of sexual maturity. In Songjiang and other areas, parent fish begin to migrate to the estuary in November every year, and then move from the estuary to the shallow sea. At the beginning of migration, gonads are not mature, but mature gradually when they enter the sea. The male is earlier than the female when they migrate to the sea. Generally, the males arrive at the spawning ground first, drill into the caves made of oyster shells, and wait for the females to lay eggs. After breeding, the female fish leave; the male fish have the habit of protecting the eggs, stay in the cave to protect the eggs, stay for a period of time and then swim to the shore. Songjiang sea bass does not feed during the breeding period, and its parents are very thin after migration and breeding. After breeding, the parent fish moved to the coastal area for bait. The spawning ground of Songjiang sea bass is in intertidal zone.

Chinese PinYin : Song Jiang Lu Yu