Huangpu Village

Huangpu Village

Huangpu village, a natural village under the jurisdiction of Pazhou street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, is a traditional Chinese village. It is located on Pazhou island and north of Huangpu Bay, covering an area of 2.5 square kilometers

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Huangpu village is born of water and prospers because of port. It is a typical representative of Guangzhou's Millennium commercial port character. It is not only one of the birthplaces of China's "maritime Silk Road", a famous foreign trade port for "one port trade", but also an important witness of China's foreign exchange and trade, such as the beginning of Sino US trade. Huangpu village retains a relatively complete village pattern, showing the characteristics of a typical multi clan village in Guangfu. There are "Japanese House", "aunt house", and "fun garden" used by merchants in Qing Dynasty. Many unique customs such as "dragon dance without lion dance", "fish eating without turning over", "tail first and head second" are preserved

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On August 26, 2013, Huangpu village was announced as the second batch of Chinese traditional villages by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of finance

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Village history

Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the foreign port of Guangzhou was Fuxu port (i.e. bolomiao). Later, due to the increasing siltation of the front channel of the Pearl River, Huangpu ancient port, located in the back channel of the Pearl River, began to become an import and export port for foreign trade goods.

During the reign of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1056-1063), Huangpu village was built on the basis of the existing reservoirs.

In the song and Yuan Dynasties, Huangpu village was first built in the east section of the village, and then expanded in the west section of the village.

Since the Song Dynasty, Huangpu village has played an important role in overseas trade for a long time. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Huangpu village was the place where sea ships gathered.

Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huangpu village has gradually developed into a foreign trade port of Guangzhou, and the construction of Huangpu ancient port on the west side of Huangpu village began.

In the Qing Dynasty, Huangpu village was under the jurisdiction of Jiaotang Department of Panyu county.

In the nearly 200 years from 1685 to 1874, Guangzhou Customs set up a registration port in Huangpu village, that is, Huangpu tax office, Yiwu office, comprador office and yongjingying, which were responsible for many functions of managing Guangzhou's foreign trade.

In 1757, the Qing government issued an order to abolish the customs of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian, and kept the Guangdong Customs as the only port for "one port trade" for more than 80 years. There were Whampoa tax office, foreign affairs office and comprador office in Whampoa. Foreign merchant ships were only allowed to enter the port after customs declaration, and then the Chinese pilots took them to handle the unloading, customs clearance and return procedures In order to enter thirteen trades.

From 1758 to 1838, 5107 merchant ships landed at Huangpu village, with an average of 63.8 ships per year. Huangpu ancient port became a real world trade platform.

In 1784, the US merchant ship "Empress of China" made its first voyage to China, passing through Huangpu village.

At the end of the 18th century, Huangpu port was also the main port for foreigners to smuggle Chinese laborers (commonly known as "piggy") to China.

After the Opium War in 1840, western countries gained colonial privileges in China. From then on, foreigners and their peddlers plundered and trafficked Chinese laborers along the coast of Guangdong, and Huangpu became the stronghold of "piggy" ships.

In the winter of the ninth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1859), six "piggy boats" were moored at Huangpu port at the same time, including the American "mixinzha", "gefuna yingdun", "Bair Nier", "giddy xiansen", "Lefu Yankee" and the odenburg "fennick chener".

After the reform and opening up, Huangpu ancient port was gradually abandoned due to the impact of the river. New residential buildings were rapidly built in the north of the ancient settlement. The new road structure weaved up the residential area in the north and gradually developed into the existing scale

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In 1999, the Cultural Department of Haizhu District began to make a thorough investigation on the cultural relics of Huangpu village.

In July 2002, the ruins of Huangpu ancient port and the early buildings of Huangpu village were designated as the Sixth Batch of cultural relics protection units in Guangzhou

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In 2009, the people's Government of Haizhu District launched the protection project of historical and cultural scenic spot of Huangpu ancient port village. According to the purpose of "integration of village and port", the surrounding environment of ancient port village was upgraded through facade decoration, landscape greening, ancient building repair and water conservancy and river channel projects

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geographical environment

Location context

Huangpu village is located in the east of Haizhu Island, Haizhu District, Guangzhou City, north of Huangpu Bay

It is adjacent to the Pearl River and faces Tianhe District in the north, Huangpu District in the East and Huangpu Chung in Panyu District in the south. The village covers an area of 2.5 square kilometers

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topographic features

Huangpu village is dominated by the Pearl River Estuary plain

In the northwest, there are more than 700 mu of ecological forest with a height of more than 100 meters, which is connected with Huangpu village. It is the highest point of the village. The terrain in the southeast is relatively flat, mainly farmland and fish ponds

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Hydrology

Huangpu village is surrounded by water on three sides. The main channel of the Pearl River and the wide Huangpu Bay diverge in front of Huangpu village, forming a wide water area in the southeast and west direction of the village, which is a good natural harbor

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Village characteristics

Site selection concept

Huangpu village is located on the sandbank at the mouth of the Pearl River, with Pazhou tower in the north, the main waterway of the Pearl River in the South and hills on the back. There are Fengshui ponds in front of ancestral halls in the village, which constitute a rich and layered natural environment in the village. The water area of Huangpu ancient harbor is not only wide and smooth, but also a natural shallow bay and a safe haven for sailboats

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spatial distribution

The village layout of Huangpu village is centered on ancestral hall. The settlements of different surnames are distributed in a local checkerboard pattern, and at the same time conform to the morphological trend of hills, rivers and reservoirs.

There are eight ponds outside the village. Facing the pond, there are ancestral hall buildings and residential buildings with checkerboard pattern behind them. At the head of the village, there are four gates and banyan trees. At the entrance of the village, there are temples such as Beidi temple and Hongsheng temple. In the village, there are dozens of vertical and horizontal streets and alleys connecting north and south, showing a traditional "Li Fang Jie Xiang" pattern.

In ancient times, Huangpu village was divided into 12 blocks, namely, Xuanju, Panshi, Shimen, bishatong, Liutang, Dadao, Tailai, Xipu, Beipu, genqing, binri and Taiping. At the same time, there are streets, lanes and lanes, such as Huiyuan street, Dunyong street, Taiping lane, Qingyun lane, Fukui lane, Guifen lane, etc.

Taking the road and water network as the branches, the architectural settlements of different surnames form a chessboard spatial pattern, and the settlement orientation is led by the ancestral halls of different surnames, reflecting the clan village order under the influence of Lingnan traditional Confucian culture. The ancient Huangpu port was the main entrance to the village in the period of waterway transportation. For the need of defense, a moat was excavated around the village

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According to the time of construction, the existing buildings in Huangpu village are generally distributed in a ring. The historical buildings in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China were concentrated in the central area. The inner ring was mainly built from 1949 to the 1980s, while the outer ring was mostly built after the 1980s. Located in the east of the village, huanxiuli community is a new residential community in Huangpu village

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Economic society

population

According to the official website of China Traditional Village Museum in February 2020, the main ethnic group in Whampoa village is Han nationality, with a registered residence population of 3582 and a permanent resident of 12000 people.

. In the early period of Huangpu village, Huang, Guan, Wei and Yuan were the main surnames. Later, Luo, Feng, Hu and Liang were the main surnames, and Chen, Qu, ye and Tang were the main surnames

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Economics

According to the official website of Chinese Traditional Village Museum in February 2020, Huangpu village has 16120 square meters (24.18 mu) of arable land, including 378667 square meters (568 mu) of vegetable fields and 535333 square meters (803 mu) of orchards

The main industries are planting and leasing. The annual income of the village collective is 15 million yuan, and the average annual income of the villagers is 4286 yuan

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Main attractions

Former residence of Feng Zuoping

Feng Zuoping's former residence is located at No.10 Dunyong street, Huangpu village, commonly known as "Japan building", which was built in 1925. The gate and wall of "Japan building" are 14.6 meters wide and 16.2 meters deep. The main building has two floors. The main building on the front is concave. There are narrow patios on each side. The balcony is of reinforced concrete structure. In 1900, when Feng Zuoping went to Japan to study, he met the niece of Japanese Emperor Hirohito and soon married. In 1924, Feng Zuoping, 40 years old, returned to Huangpu village with his wife and four children to settle down. In 1925, he built this small foreign building with Japanese style, which is a kind of historical evidence of Sino Japanese friendly exchanges.

In July 2002, it was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Guangzhou

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Commercial Fair

Waterfront Street

Haibang street is close to the soy sauce garden wharf. It was one of the old commercial streets of Huangpu ancient port, formerly known as "Xishi". On both sides of the street, there are carpenters' shops, painters' shops and blacksmiths' shops specialized in repairing ghost ships for foreign ships, and grocery stores providing food for foreign ships. At present, there is a memorial archway named "haibangdongyue", which is a stone gate of Xianfeng Period. A large number of multi-national characters are scattered around the street

Chinese PinYin : Huang Pu Cun