Liu gongdao

Liugong Island is located in Weihai Bay, the easternmost part of Shandong Peninsula, and plays an extremely important role in national defense. Beiyang Navy, China's first navy in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, was born here. It carried the soul stirring main battlefield in the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, and also bred China's first national marine forest park.

The cultural landscape on the island is rich and unique. There are not only the Warring States ruins dating back to thousands of years, the beautiful legend of Liu Gong and Liu mu in Han Dynasty, but also the ruins of the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, such as the Beiyang naval commander's office, the Naval Academy and the ancient fort in Qing Dynasty, as well as many European buildings left over from the British Lease period, known as "Pingfan in the east corner" and "unsinkable warship". Liugongdao is also the site of the Sino Japanese War Museum, which has a large collection of precious cultural relics. On the island, there are the iron wharf and ancient fort of Beiyang Navy, a monument commemorating the heroes of Jiawu, a Chinese weapons Museum displaying the development history of Chinese weapons, a National Forest Park maintaining the original vegetation, a command plane of Beiyang Navy, and the Beiyang Navy's supervision office, as well as comprehensive art means such as architecture, sculpture, painting, film and television The Sino Japanese Naval War Museum displays the solemn and stirring history of the Sino Japanese naval war.

In addition, Liugong Island is very large, so you can choose to take the sightseeing bus on the island. If you have enough time, you can stay here for one night, feel the silence of the warship swaying by the waves at night, and taste the delicious seafood on the island.

Liu gongdao

Liugong Island is located at the mouth of Weihai Bay at the eastern end of Shandong Peninsula in eastern China, with an area of 3.15 square kilometers and a coastline of 14.95 kilometers. Weihai City is a natural marine barrier, which plays an extremely important role in national defense. It is known as "Dongyu Pingfan" and "unsinkable warship". From the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the time before liberation, many maritime wars took place here, especially the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895.

The island has undulating peaks and steep sea erosion cliffs in the north, gentle and continuous in the south, with a forest coverage rate of 87%. It has the reputation of "sea fairy mountain" and "paradise". The cultural landscape of the island is rich and unique, including the Warring States ruins dating back to thousands of years, the Beiyang naval commander's office of the Qing Dynasty, the Naval Academy, the ancient fort and other Sino Japanese War sites, as well as many European style buildings left over from the British rent period. Since the closed military restricted zone was opened to the outside world in 1985, it has become a famous scenic spot.

In February 2020, in order to pay tribute to the vast number of medical workers fighting in the front line of prevention and control, from the date of the resumption of the park to December 31, 2020, the national medical workers will be free of admission policy.

The origin of the name

According to the unearthed cultural relics, people lived on Liugong Island during the Warring States period. It is said that this island is "Liu's other business on the sea", so it is called liudao or Liujiadao or Liugongdao. The history of the Yuan Dynasty is called Liujiadao, while the records of Dengzhou Prefecture, Wendeng county and Chongming County are called liudao or Liujiadao. It is said that Liugong Island is also known as Longgong island because of its original Longgong temple. ① There is no textual research on when Liu Gong was born. It is said that Liu Gong was a royal family of the Han Dynasty. He came to the island to avoid war in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. It is said that there were inscriptions in the early Wei and Huang Dynasties on the island. According to the legend of the residents of the island: in the past, there was a South ship in the wind, drifting on the island, almost in danger. There are many people on the island. When they meet the old man and mother surnamed Liu, they rescue them and feed them with food. The old man disappears. The boatman thought that he was an immortal, and because he felt the grace of saving his life, he set up a temple to offer sacrifices, which was called Liugong temple. ② According to Weihai Weizhi, there are temples for Liu Gong and Liu mu on the island, with "a few couplets in tile houses and two clay statues". During the period of forced rent in Britain, the residents of the island were forced to emigrate, and the temples were also moved to Beigou in the dock area.

Location context

Liugong Island, located at the mouth of Weihai Bay at the east end of Shandong Peninsula in eastern China, lies in the center of the exit of Weihai harbor, 2.1 nautical miles away from the commercial port wharf of Weihai. It is a natural marine barrier of Weihai City and plays an extremely important role in national defense. The island is approximately triangular. It is 4.08 km long from east to west, 1.5 km wide and 0.06 km narrow, with an average width of 0.77 km, an area of 3.15 square kilometers and a coastline of 14.95 km long.

Island land environment

stratum

Liugong Island, located in the northeast of Jiaodong shield, is a long-term uplift zone. The exposed strata in the area are dominated by various metamorphic rocks of the Proterozoic Jiaodong Group. From the Upper Proterozoic to the late Tertiary, it has been uplifted and uplifted, suffered from weathering and erosion, and did not receive deposition until the Cenozoic quaternary Middle Pleistocene, when there were residual slope deposits, proluvial alluvial deposits, marine deposits and other deposits. Their distribution and thickness are obviously restricted by paleogeographic conditions.

The Liugongdao formation is dominated by biotite plagioclase gneiss with granulite, plagioclase amphibolite and lenticular marble. The lower part is dominated by biotite plagioclase gneiss with granulite, thin biotite schist, lenticular amphibolite and marble. The upper part is dominated by biotite plagioclase gneiss with granulite. Migmatization is dominated by mechanical injection, accompanied by infiltration metasomatism. Felsic veins are irregular massive and intestinal in shape, forming intestinal migmatite or pegmatite belt. The thickness is more than 2175m.

landforms

Liugong Island is a continental island, which is composed of gneiss of Lower Proterozoic Jingshan group and accumulated with upper Pleistocene loess layer. The front edge of Liugong Island shows signs of being submerged by sea level, and the west end has sea erosion terrace with an altitude of 12 meters. The island has undulating peaks, with an altitude of more than 100 meters. The main peak is Qiding mountain, which is East-West trend. The remaining veins stretch to the sea, with an altitude of 153.5 meters. It is the highest point on the island. The terrain is high in the West and low in the East, steep in the north and gentle in the south. The coastline of the island is 14.77 km long. The north bank is tortuous, with short slope and steep bank, obvious erosion characteristics and many sea cliffs. In the northeast and west of China, there are many open reefs, rocks and mudstones. The south bank is flat and Sandy. Along the coast are Huanghua Bay, Hehua Bay, muluquan, majingzi, beicaozui, heiyuzui, Donghong and other headlands.

climate

Liugong Island belongs to the north temperate monsoon continental climate, with obvious seasonal changes and monsoon advance and retreat. Compared with inland areas of the same latitude, it has the characteristics of abundant rainfall, moderate annual temperature and mild climate. The continental degree of the territory is 54.1%. Because it is close to the Yellow Sea and regulated by the ocean, it shows the characteristics of marine climate, such as cold spring, cool summer, warm autumn and warm winter, small temperature difference between day and night, long frost free period, strong wind and high humidity.

soil

Liugong Island is a continental island with the same geographical features as the nearby mainland. The terrain is mainly low mountains and hills. In the middle and upper part of low mountains and hills, the slope is large, the surface runoff is strong, the soil is seriously eroded and scoured, the soil erosion is serious, the soil layer is shallow, the texture is rough, the nutrient content is low, the soil development time is short, and most of them are thin layer and middle layer of coarse bone brown soil. In the middle and lower part of the hill, the slope gradually slows down, the surface runoff decreases, and the infiltration gradually strengthens. There is a process of leaching and deposition in the soil. With the movement of the infiltration water, the physical clay and soluble matter of the soil leach in the upper part, and the deposition layer appears in the lower part. In the valley area and the mountain parking area, due to the continuous water transportation, the sorting deposits are produced. The fine soil particles mostly flow into the sea, and the river tidal soil with rough texture and different arrangement levels is formed in the mountain parking area. In the offshore area, the coarse coastal tidal soil and coastal tidal saline soil are formed due to the marine sedimentation and the alluvial and proluvial action of rivers. Thus, the vertical distribution of brown soil typical brown soil albic brown soil fluvo aquic soil coastal fluvo aquic soil salinized fluvo aquic soil coastal fluvo aquic saline soil from low mountains and hills to coastal plain is formed.

vegetation

The vegetation is mainly woody plants. In the middle and upper part of the low mountains and hills, there are arbor forests such as Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii, shrubbery dominated by Quercus acutissima, with the shade degree of 0.4-0.7, and the herbaceous plant is mainly Leymus chinensis, which is the formation zone of coarse bone brown soil with shallow soil layer. In the middle and lower part of the hill, there are coniferous and broad-leaved forests, growing Robinia pseudoacacia, Quercus acutissima, fruit trees, Vitex negundo and other woody plants; the herbaceous plants are mainly shellfish grass, Setaria and so on, which is the transition area between coarse bone brown soil and common brown soil. In the Piedmont (inter mountain) plain and inter mountain parking area, the broad-leaved trees are mainly composed of poplar, Robinia pseudoacacia, Paulownia, catalpa, etc.; the herbaceous plants are mainly composed of shellfish grass, white grass, Artemisia, etc., which is the formation zone of common brown soil. Along the coast and the river banks are the vegetation growth zones of willow, poplar, Wutong, Paulownia, Robinia pseudoacacia, Ulmus pumila, Pinus thunbergii, cotton and Huai, reed, thatch and tri grass. They are related to the formation of fluvial soil, saline soil and aeolian sandy soil. Different types of soil have different plant communities, which directly affect the development and formation of soil. Woody plants decay and produce organic acids, which can promote the weathering of minerals and the transformation of mineral nutrients. Meanwhile, due to the increase of mineral solubility, the leaching and leaching are enhanced; herbaceous plants are conducive to the accumulation of nutrients and soil fertility.

Marine environment

gulf

Liugong Island is the mouth of Weihai Bay. Weihai Bay is located between zhaobeizui and beishanzui headlands. It is surrounded by mountains on three sides. The coast is nearly semicircular, and the coastline is more than 30 kilometers long. On both sides of the north and the south, the mountains are steep and the coastline twists and turns. Weihai commercial port is located in the northern part of the bay. It seldom freezes in winter, and the waterway can pass all the year round. Weihai Bay mouth is 7 kilometers wide. The famous Liugong Island Jingwo bay mouth divides Weihai Bay mouth into two parts: the North mouth is from beicaozui of Liugong Island to Yashi island. The mouth is 1600 meters wide and the deepest is 34.5 meters. It is Weihai Tong

Chinese PinYin : Liu Gong Dao