Tuojiang River

Tuojiang River

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

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Tuojiang River, a tributary of the upper Yangtze River. Located in the middle of Sichuan Province, China. It originates from daheiwan, duanyantou, Mianzhu City, at the south foot of Jiuding Mountain in Northwest Sichuan. It flows southward to Zhao town of Jintang County, where it receives four upstream tributaries of Tuojiang River, vihe River, Qingbaijiang River, Jianjiang River and Shitingjiang river. Then it passes through Jintang gorge of Longquan Mountain and flows into the Yangtze River through Jianyang City, Ziyang City, Zizhong County, Neijiang City, Zigong City and Fushun County. The total length is 712 km. The drainage area is 32900 square kilometers. Zhao town from the source to Jintang for the upstream, 127 km long, known as Mianyuan river. It is 522 kilometers long from Zhaozhen to Hekou.

The average annual precipitation of the basin is 1200 mm, and the annual runoff is 35.1 billion cubic meters, of which the supply of Minjiang River accounts for 33.4%. The reserve of water resources is about 1.867 million kilowatts. The main stream can pass through wooden boats and motor boats for a long time, and most of the tributaries in the middle and lower reaches have been channelized. The forest cover rate of Tuojiang River Basin is only 6.1%, which is the lowest among the rivers in Sichuan Province. There are large and medium-sized cities in Tuojiang River Basin, such as Chengdu, Chongqing, Deyang, Neijiang, Zigong, Ziyang, Mianyang, Suining and Luzhou. There are more than 1000 large and medium-sized factories in Tuojiang River Basin. It is the industrial concentration of Sichuan Province, and the population density is higher than other rivers. Tuojiang River Basin is also the largest producing area of cotton and sugarcane in Sichuan.

Business card picture: Luzhou urban section of Tuojiang River

General situation of main stream

Trend of main stream

Tuojiang River originates from Jiuding Mountain at an altitude of 4984 meters. The upper source is divided into three streams. Dongyuan: Mianyuan river is 180 km long, Zhongyuan: shiting river is 141 km long, Xiyuan: Jianjiang River is 139 km long. In addition, the source water of Tuojiang River also comes from Qingbaijiang River and Bihe River, so it has five sources. In addition, the water network of Minjiang River crisscross, the basin is disrupted, and the water of Minjiang River still flows in Tuojiang River. Therefore, unlike other rivers, Tuojiang River is a river of mixed blood. But in the end, because the Mianyuan river is the longest, it was designated as the main source.

In Jintang County, the main channel of Tuojiang River flows through the west of the county. The main source of the river is Mianyuan River, which flows from north to South and flows through Qingjiang town. Its three main tributaries (Beihe River, Zhonghe River and Bihe River) converge near Zhaozhen town of the county, flows through Sanxing Town, cuts through Longquan Mountain and turns south, and enters Jianyang City through huaikou Town, Baiguo town and Wufeng town. The other tributaries flow into Tuojiang River from Longquanshan and Longsheng Shilong respectively. The annual average inflow runoff of Tuojiang River is 7.67 billion cubic meters, and the outflow runoff is 7.94 billion cubic meters.

In Ziyang City, the entrance elevation of the main stream of Tuojiang River is 225.3 meters, with an average gradient of 5.51 ‰. It is 345 kilometers long above Ziyang City, with a drainage area of 11775 square kilometers. The river course is gentle and curved, with flood plain alternating with hills and valleys. Generally, the river is 200-300m wide and the flood plain is 300-1000m wide. Ziyang City is located in the middle reaches of the Tuojiang River. It is an important city in the Tuojiang River Basin, with concentrated population and large amount of sewage discharge. Due to historical reasons, the urban infrastructure is weak, especially the sewage treatment facilities are seriously insufficient, the drainage network system is backward and does not match, and the sewage is discharged into the Tuojiang River before reaching the standard. It is one of the pollution sources of the Tuojiang River. The organic pollution of Tuojiang River is serious, especially in dry season.

Tuojiang River flows from Linyin temple in Hongyuan township of Jianyang City into Ziyang City, flows through Yangma Town, Shiqiao Town and Dongxi town (right Najiang River) of Jianyang City in the south, leaves Xinshi town in the south, and enters Yanjiang District in the south, with a flow length of 84.9 km in Jianyang City. The average flow is 255 m3 / s to 275 m3 / s.

In Yanjiang District, the border river between the district and Jianyang begins at Laojun town in the north of the District, and ends at Linjiang town. Zuonayanghua river flows through Yanjiang town (Jiuqu River), Songtao Town, Baotai Town, Nanjin town and Zhongyi town in the south, and leaves at Luojiaba, Longmen Village, Wuhuang Town, Yanjiang District, with a length of 171.5 km. It flows through Jianyang City and Ziyang City, as well as more than ten towns.

In Neijiang City, Tuojiang River flows through Zizhong, Dongxing and Shizhong District. It is an important waterway transportation route in the city. Since ancient times, there has been a description of the busy scene of "ten thousand Dendrobium boats walking like wind". The water flow of Tuojiang River alternates with rapids and rapids, alternating between beaches and Tuojiang River, winding and tortuous. The annual average flow is 375 cubic meters per second, the natural drop is 135.5 meters, and the average gradient is 0.45%. The hydropower reserve is 145000 kilowatts for development. The larger tributaries are Qiuxi River in Zizhong and Daqing River in Neijiang. These rivers benefit from irrigation, navigation and power generation. With the hydropower resources of Tuojiang River, the annual power generation can reach 920 million kwh, and the developed hydropower resources only account for 21.7% of the exploitable capacity.

In Zizhong County, it enters after the North Naqiu River in shunhechang Town, flows southeast through Ganlu Town, guide town, Shuinan Town, Chonglong Town, sujiawan town and Yinshan Town, and enters Neijiang City. The Zizhong section of Tuojiang River is 86 km.

In Neijiang City, it enters Fuxi township of Dongxing District, flows southeast through Shijia Town, Dongxing District, Shizhong District, Lexian Street (Zuona Xiaoqinglong River, Qingliu River) and Beimu Town, turns southward, passes Baima Town, leaves Tuojiang Township, and enters Zigong City.

In Zigong City, the downstream section of Tuojiang River flows through the city for 127 km. Fuxi River is the main tributary of Tuojiang River in the city. Xushui River and Weiyuan River are the upstream of Fuxi River, with a total area of 3490 square kilometers. The main stream of Tuojiang River flows southward through yancao of Yongjia Township, miaoba Town, niufo town and Huilong town in Da'an district and into Fushun County. In Fushun County, it flows through Shishi town and Donghu town in the south, and the downstream right Napu river turns into southeast flow, passing through Pipa Town, Anxi Town, Zhaohua Town, Wanshou Town, Huaide town and Changtan town.

In Luzhou City, Tuojiang River flows from Fushun County and enters Xiaobai village, Haichao Town, Luxian County; along the border between Luxian county and Jiangyang District, through Haichao town and Tongtan Town, it enters Longmatan District, along the border between Longmatan district and Jiangyang District, through Hushi Town, zuonalaixi River, through Anning street and Hongxing street, and joins the Yangtze River in the southeast of Xiaoshi street. Luxian county is 34 km long, with a water area of 9400 mu, a drainage area of 355.66 square kilometers, a drop of 17.33 meters, and an average flow of 463.6 m3 / s at the exit.

Channel characteristics

The birthplace of Tuojiang River is Jiuding Mountain, also known as Chaping mountain, on the northwest edge of Sichuan Basin. Many streams flow out from the East, middle and west of the mountain, and gradually merge into three major tributaries: the Jianjiang River in the west, 139 km long; the shiting River in the middle, 141 km long; and the Mianyuan River in the East, 180 km long. They meet near Zhao town of Jintang, and officially become the main stream of Tuojiang River. Because the Mianyuan river is the longest, it is now designated as the main source of the Tuojiang River, and the other two upper tributaries are even the side branches. There are many different names for the five branches of Tuojiang River, such as Pi River, Biqiao River and Qianjiang River, Jian River, shiting River, Tuojiang River, Chenxi River and Houjiang River, Mianyuan River, Mianyang river. They are recorded in the geographical records of Hanshu. At that time, Jianjiang River was called Gushui, which came from Yulei mountain in Mian County; shiting river was called Luoshui, which came from Zhangshan mountain in Luoxian County; Mianyuan river was called mianshui, which came from Ziyan mountain in Mianzhu County. Where these three rivers come out of the mountains, they all form relatively large alluvial fans. Our ancestors imitated the Dujiangyan of Minjiang River and divided the water flow into many streams like a folding fan, turning it into a water conservancy project for water diversion and irrigation. Jianjiang weir was built in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China; gaojingguan was built at the exit of shiting river. In the Qing Dynasty, the water was led into three streams, and Zhujiayan, Lijia weir and huoshaoyan were built. In the Republic of China, they were called zhulihuoyan, and hanwangchang at the exit of Mianyuan river. In the Qing Dynasty, Mianjiang river was formed Weir, after the development of Guanqu weir, songjiayan, borax weir, the Republic of China, collectively known as Guansong boron weir. These diversion canals are not very different from the river courses on the plain. They are very different from modern water diversion projects because they often change from east to West in ten years. Tuojiang River in Jintang Gorge Reach: Ancient called Jintang River, also known as Zhongjiang below. After passing Jintang gorge, you enter Jianyang, which is called niuxian County in Han Dynasty, so it is also called niushui or Niujiang. In Tang Dynasty, it is also called Yanshui or Yanjiang. Then, the river passed through Ziyang and Zizhong counties, which was named Zijiang in ancient times. There is a Tang Mingdu River in the southeast of Zizhong County. It is said that when Anlu mountain rebelled, it was the place where Tang Minghuang and Yang Guifei fled to ferry. This section of the river is also called the Pearl River. Then, Tuojiang River flows through Neijiang River, encircling the city, leaving Li Bai's famous poem. Then it flows through Fushun County, where the river is also called Jinchuan. In the local chronicles of the Song Dynasty, it is called lifuchuan. The cauldron is a pot. It is said that the river flows around the county, which is like a pot. In fact, the seven huge stones are divided into two layers, which can also be regarded as a scenic spot in ancient times. Then, the river reaches Luzhou and flows into the Yangtze River. In Luzhou, the records of Huayang state of the Jin Dynasty mentions that there are "big Que and small Que" in the river, which may be very huge rocks. It is said that where the Tuojiang River flows into the Yangtze River, the river is very wide. In summer, there is a flood. "The two rivers are surrounded by each other, and they are filled with vastness." it's like the sea. People in Luchuan call this kind of scenery "the sea"“

Chinese PinYin : Tuo Jiang