Brief introduction of Confucian Temple
The Confucian temple, located at No.25, Wenmiao street, Nangang District, Harbin City, is built in Harbin Institute of engineering to offer sacrifices to Confucius, an outstanding educator and thinker in ancient China. It was first built in 1926 and completed in 1929.
Harbin Confucian temple, covering an area of 60000 square meters, is 23000 square meters, building area of 5674 square meters. Its scale is second only to Qufu Confucius Temple in Shandong Province and Beijing Confucius Temple, but because it is 11 Bay, its level is indeed the highest in the country. The Confucius temples in Qufu, Shandong and Beijing are 9-bay, and the smaller ones are 5-bay and 3-bay. Because of its magnificent and magnificent architecture, the Confucian temple in Harbin is known as the "Forbidden City" of Harbin.
geographical position
Layout structure
Harbin Confucian temple is a typical three entrance imitative Qing Dynasty ancient architectural complex. Its structure is a three entrance courtyard, with Dacheng hall as the center, forming a central axis from the south to the north, passing panchi, Panqiao, Lingxing gate, Dacheng gate, Dacheng hall as the second entrance courtyard, and finally ending in Chongsheng temple as the third entrance courtyard. The archway, stele, accessory hall and Yemen on both sides of the central axis are symmetrically arranged.
The three entrance courtyards of the Confucian temple run through the central axis, and they are progressive layer by layer. Its magnificent momentum shows people the beauty of space. The main building of the Confucian temple uses the most noble yellow glazed tile in the Qing Dynasty, namely "Huangding", which is the architectural specification used by the emperor or the people who were granted by the emperor. Roof style also uses the most advanced "veranda roof" and "double eaves veranda roof". Color painting created a large amount of money in the Qing Dynasty.
Historical evolution
The Confucian temple was built in October 1926 and November 1929 respectively.
At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Harbin's political, economic and cultural privileges were controlled by the colonists of more than a dozen countries, such as Russia, Japan, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, the United States and Denmark. Harbin, a new city, became a paradise for the colonists, which made some patriotic and insightful people deeply worried.
General Zhang Xueliang wrote in the inscriptions of Harbin Confucian temple: "if people's morality is separated, it is bound to lead to the replacement of the family and the state. This is the first thing to do, and Hu Kede will get it if the branches and leaves are not damaged."
Stone tablet records
There are nearly 500 words in the inscription, which describes the geographical environment of Harbin and the historical background, purpose and function of building Confucian temple. The stone tablet is located in the second courtyard of the Confucian temple, south of Dacheng hall. The stone tablet is 551 cm high and consists of three parts: the forehead, the body and the base. There are four seal characters of "Confucian temple inscription" on the outside of the forehead, and the text of "inscription" on the outside of the body, but there are no characters on the inside.
In 1926-1929, a Confucius Temple with the largest area, the highest architectural level and the best preservation was built with the government investment and social donation of 730000 silver yuan. The Confucian temple in Harbin originally covers an area of 60000 square meters, with an existing area of more than 25000 square meters and a construction area of more than 6000 square meters.
At 1:00 on March 23, 1931, the first "Confucius worship" ceremony was officially held in Dacheng Hall of Confucian temple. It was the third year after the completion of the Confucian temple in Harbin, that is, the year when the Northeast was occupied. It took more than an hour before and after the sacrifice. As it was held at Zishi, there were not many onlookers. Later, up to the liberation of Harbin, more than 30 sacrificial activities were held. Resist foreign culture with traditional culture.
Cultural relics protection
After the liberation of Harbin in 1946, the Confucian temple was used as the school building of Harbin Medical College and Medical University, the library of Harbin military engineering college, and the logistics warehouse of Heilongjiang military region. On February 26, 1985, with the approval of the people's Government of Heilongjiang Province, the Heilongjiang Provincial Museum of nationalities was established in the Confucian temple. After three years of major maintenance and preparation from 1985 to 1988, it was officially opened to the outside world in October 1988.
Harbin Confucian temple was approved as the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council in 1996.
daily management
After the liberation of Harbin in 1946, the Confucian temple was used as the library of Harbin Medical College, Harbin Medical University and Harbin military engineering college. During the "Cultural Revolution", some people criticized the stele, and the "rebels" wanted to tear down the stele. Because of the heavy stone tablet, the "rebels" had no effective tools, so they had to give up. But the "rebels" were not reconciled, and in a fit of anger, they engraved the four characters "rebellion is reasonable" on the shady side of the stone tablet. At this time, the Confucian temple was the warehouse of the military region of Heilongjiang Province, so great damage was avoided.
In 1985, the military region of Heilongjiang Province handed over the Confucian temple to the cultural relics management committee of Heilongjiang Province.
On September 20, 1988, the Confucian temple in Harbin polished off the four words "rebellion is reasonable" on the stone tablet. After preliminary repair and restoration, it officially opened to the outside world. In 1998, the Confucian temple in Harbin was approved by the State Council as a class of key cultural relics protection building (national treasure level unit).
In recent years, many students have come to the Confucian temple to pay a visit to Confucius, hoping for success in their studies. Some students who were admitted to universities in other provinces and cities also came here one after another to help Confucius. Visitors are lucky to see this unique scenery.
Fire prevention
As a kind of national key cultural relic protection building, fire prevention is the most important safety work. Due to special reasons, there has been no fire in Harbin Confucian temple since it was built. After opening to the outside world, in order to do a good job in fire prevention, the Confucian temple provided a water storage tank which could store 120 tons of water. Because the Confucian temple building has no heating and insulation facilities, the fire hydrant is set in the courtyard underground. There are fire extinguishers on both sides of each building, and there is a fire hydrant nearby.
In 2005, the Confucian temple renovated the power line mainly for lighting in the building, replacing incandescent lamps with small wattage fluorescent lamps. When students worship Confucius, they are not allowed to light incense. They can only put incense on the shrine to express their wishes. It is worth noting that there are some small enterprises, canteens, baths, houses and other units and households using fire outside the walls of the Confucian temple in Harbin, which is a certain gap with the stipulation that houses and other buildings are not allowed within 10 meters of cultural relics buildings, and it is also a fire hazard of the Confucian temple. The leaders of Heilongjiang Province and Harbin City attach great importance to this. In 2006, Zhang Zuoji, governor of Heilongjiang Province, and Du yuxindu, member of the Standing Committee of the provincial Party committee and Secretary of the municipal Party committee, successively went to the Confucian temple to learn about the situation. I believe these problems will be well solved.
Design specifications
The unique feature of Harbin Confucian temple is the main hall Dacheng hall. According to the existing "Eastern Province special region to create a Confucian temple epitaph" records: "the case of Confucius Temple, in the past for the worship, its hall nine Ying, for the seven hall, for the two Jiashi, this old system is also. Since the 32nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, Confucius was promoted as a great sacrifice. However, the academic officials outside Beijing are still old and have not been changed. Today, Honggui, a special area in the eastern province, has been established rather than fixed, so its creation is in line with the ceremony of great sacrifice Where the temple system, Dacheng hall in the middle of the south, for the hall nine, for the two Jiashi, all eleven Ying. It can be seen that the Dacheng Hall of the second courtyard was designed and built according to the specifications of the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Confucius.
There is no main gate in Harbin Confucian temple. Instead, there are three convex shaped temples, 44.85 meters long and 5.9 meters high, with yellow glazed verandah, Dian style tile roof, green glazed ice plate eaves, and yellow glazed Ming style spiral painted screen walls in the green space of the front square. It is honored as "Wanren palace wall" in the temples worshiping Confucius, which symbolizes Confucius' profound knowledge. The reason why Harbin Confucian temple has no main gate is that there is a common rule among Chinese people, that is, no matter where the Confucius worship temple is built, the local champion must come here to worship Confucius, and then the shadow wall can be pulled down to build the main gate.
Harbin Confucian temple was built in 1929, China
Chinese PinYin : Ha Er Bin Wen Miao
