Liaojin Chengyuan Museum

Liaojin Chengyuan Museum

Liaojin Chengyuan museum is located 50 meters north of Liangshuihe in Yulin community, youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing. In 1990, when the residential building was built here, the Shuiguan site of nanchengyuan in jinzhongdu was discovered, which was rated as one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in China.

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geographical position

Liaojin Chengyuan museum is a professional Archaeological Museum combining underground sites and historical display. It is based on Shuiguan site of nanchengyuan in Jinzhong capital more than 840 years ago, with a construction area of 2500 square meters, one floor above the ground and one floor below the ground, and looks like a towering ancient castle. Its underground part is the largest ancient capital Shuiguan site in China. It is an important example to study ancient architecture and water conservancy facilities in China. Located in Yulin community outside YouAnMen, Fengtai District, Beijing Liaojin Chengyuan museum is a special site museum built on Shuiguan site of jinzhongdu. It was opened to the public on April 23, 1995.

architectural composition

The building is an irregular polygon, with a bluish gray exterior wall, a gray tile roof and a beast head under the crenel eaves of the city wall. From a distance, it looks as if Beijing in the Jin Dynasty has reappeared. The building area of the whole exhibition hall is 2500 square meters, and the underground exhibition hall is Shuiguan site. The whole site is made of wood and stone, with a total length of 43.4 meters and a culvert 21 meters long and 7.7 meters wide. The site is the largest one of the Shuiguan sites, the ancient capital city, which has been found in China. It is an important object to determine the site of jinzhongdu city and study the ancient buildings and water conservancy facilities in China.

Building foundation

In October 1990, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of landscape architecture found the Shuiguan site under the south wall of the capital city of the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) more than 800 years ago when digging the foundation of the dormitory building in Yulin community, youanmenwai, Fengtai District. With the approval of the State Administration of cultural relics, the Beijing Institute of cultural relics has carried out a formal archaeological excavation of the site. Governments at all levels and relevant experts attach great importance to the discovery of the site, which is one of the ten major archaeological discoveries in China this year. At the same time, the Beijing municipal government decided to build a "Museum of Liao and Jin city walls" on the site, so as to better protect the site and display the historical relics of Liao and Jin Dynasties. In April 1995, Beijing Liaojin Chengyuan museum was completed and opened to the whole society. It has been 10 years since its completion. In the past 10 years, based on the 300 year history and culture of the Liao and Jin Dynasties, the 200 year history of Nanjing and the capital of Jinzhong (today's Beijing), the rich collection of cultural relics, and the scientific and careful protection of Shuiguan sites, they have successively held exhibitions on the development history of Beijing's capital city, stone carvings of Liao and Jin Dynasties, Jinling in dafangshan, jinzhongdu and the history of jinshangjing A series of exhibitions

It vividly and vividly shows the track of the historical development of Liao and Jin Dynasties, and reflects the original appearance of the political, economic and cultural development of Beijing in Liao and Jin Dynasties. As the only place in China to collect and display the historical relics of Liao and Jin Dynasties, Beijing Liaojin Chengyuan museum is not only a window for today's people to learn historical knowledge and understand historical culture, but also an important place for patriotism education for teenagers. It has gradually become a research base for some scientific research institutions to study Liao and Jin history and northern ethnic history. Liao and Jin are two important dynasties in the history of our country. Liao and Jin period is also an era of integration and progress of all ethnic groups in China. In Beijing's 3000 years of history, the period of Nanjing and the capital of Jinzhong is a very important stage. Liao Dynasty is a dynasty founded by Qidan people in the north. After occupying the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun, this dynasty upgraded Youzhou to Nanjing (now Beijing) in the first year of Huitong (938), and later renamed Yanjing as its capital. Jin Dynasty was founded by the Nuzhen people in Northeast China. In 1153, Wan Yanliang, the king of Hailing, moved the capital to Yanjing, which was renamed Zhongdu. From then on, Beijing officially stepped on the stage of history as the capital of the country. The management of Yanjing in Liao and Jin Dynasties laid the foundation for Beijing to become an ancient capital and played a connecting role in the history of Beijing's urban development.

In the period of Nanjing and the capital of Jinzhong in history, politics was relatively stable, economy was relatively developed, culture and art were prosperous, leaving rich historical and cultural relics. According to many archaeological investigations, there are more than 200 Liao and Jin relics in Beijing alone, and tens of thousands of Liao and Jin cultural relics are collected in the hands of national cultural and Museum departments and private collectors. To better protect Beijing The historical and cultural relics of Liao and Jin Dynasties give full play to the social education function of historical relics and the role of the museum as a scientific research base. In the past 10 years, they have been adhering to the purpose of actively protecting, collecting, displaying and researching historical relics. On the one hand, they have made great efforts to hold exhibitions. On the basis of basic presentation, they have successively held more than 10 special exhibitions independently or jointly with brother museums, which have achieved great achievements Positive social repercussions. On the other hand, we should try our best to enrich the collection in the museum. Due to its short history of establishment, and being a heritage museum, the museum had no cultural relics collection task and relevant funds, so it had few collections at the beginning of its construction. They tried every means to enrich their collections. Wang Guangying, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, donated a collection of wooden tables, chairs and porcelain pillows of the Jin Dynasty. Beijing Cultural Relics company also donated epitaphs and painted wooden coffin boards of the Liao Dynasty.

In addition, during the field archaeological investigation, the comrades of the museum also collected and developed many cultural relics and stone rubbings of the Liao and Jin Dynasties. The museum has more than 300 kinds of cultural relics of Liao and Jin Dynasties, and more than 1000 pieces of cultural relics. Since its establishment, Beijing Liaojin Chengyuan Museum has attached great importance to archaeological investigation and scientific research, as well as case study of cultural relics and collation of documents. He has successively compiled and published such books as a survey of Shuiguan in the capital of Jinzhong, an index to the catalogue of Liao and Jin historiography in the 20th century, and stories of museums (three volumes), and published more than 50 research articles in various newspapers and periodicals. Since the spring of 2002, they have carried out a systematic and comprehensive field archaeological survey of the Liao and Jin Dynasty relics in Beijing, covering the landscape villages in 18 districts and counties of Beijing. After the investigation, we sorted out and studied the investigation data, compiled and published "Beijing Liao and Jin historical relics atlas" (two volumes) and "Beijing Liao and Jin cultural relics research" (Papers), with a total of about 2 million words, which laid the foundation for building the Liao and Jin Chengyuan Museum into a national Liao and Jin historical research and research data center, information center and talent center.

Inside the Museum

The museum basically displays "the history of Beijing's capital development" from "Beijing before Liao and Jin Dynasties" to "Beijing before Liao and Jin Dynasties" It is composed of "Nanjing of Liao Dynasty", "the city wall of Jinzhong capital", "palace city", "urban layout", "water transportation" and "Beijing after Jin Dynasty". It displays various cultural relics and introduces the discovery and excavation process of Shuiguan site as well as the architectural structure and value of Shuiguan, including objects, photos, charts, etc. This paper introduces the excavation and research results of the site, as well as the development history of Beijing city with jinzhongdu as the center.

The Museum covers an area of 2500 square meters, and the underground exhibition hall is the Shuiguan site. The whole site is made of wood and stone, with a total length of 43.4 meters and a culvert 21 meters long and 7.7 meters wide. The site is the largest one of the Shuiguan sites, the ancient capital city, which has been found in China. It is an important object to determine the site of jinzhongdu city and study the ancient buildings and water conservancy facilities in China.

Exhibition hall distribution

The exhibition hall on the first floor is divided into five units, which respectively introduces the excavation and research results of the site, as well as the development history of Beijing city with jinzhongdu as the center.

The unearthed cultural relics are mainly from the Liao and Jin Dynasties, such as the three color Avalokitesvara in Longquanwu kiln in Mentougou, Beijing, the stone carvings unearthed in Jinling, the copper anti evil unearthed in the imperial palace of jinzhongdu, and the wooden furniture and porcelain of the Jin Dynasty. In addition, it also shows the changes of the city site of Beijing in the past dynasties, the construction of Liling weir and carriage canal in the Three Kingdoms period, the excavation of Jinkou River in the Jin Dynasty and the Jingmi diversion canal today.

Collection

The museum is located in Yulin community outside YouAnMen gate in Fengtai District, south of Lianhua river. It is a special site museum built on Shuiguan site of jinzhongdu. The above ground building is irregular polygon, the first floor is exhibition hall, and the underground is Shuiguan site. The whole site is of wood and stone structure, which is the largest one of the ancient capital Shuiguan sites found in China. It is an important material object to determine the site of jinzhongdu city and study the ancient buildings and water conservancy facilities in China.

The basic exhibition of "Beijing capital development history" is composed of "Beijing before Liao and Jin Dynasties", "Nanjing in Liao Dynasty", "city wall of Jinzhong capital", "palace city", "urban layout", "water transport" and "Beijing after Jin Dynasty". It displays various cultural relics and introduces the discovery and excavation process of Shuiguan site, as well as objects and photos of Shuiguan building structure and value , charts, etc. This paper introduces the excavation and research results of the site, as well as the development history of Beijing city with jinzhongdu as the center. Friends who are interested in learning about Beijing in the past can come and have a look

On the north side of the museum, there is an attached exhibition hall, which introduces some stone carvings of the Liao and Jin Dynasties.

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