Shuiximen

The Shuiximen, Feining bridge and xishuiguan in Hefei, Anhui Province, have all disappeared in the dust of history. The Huancheng Road at the intersection of Bozhou road bridge and Huancheng Road today is the Shuiximen site of that year. Because the gate is in the northwest of Jindou River, it is called "Shuiximen". Even the memory of the old people is blurred. Only in the woods beside Bozhou road and bridge, there is a book like monument to the site, on which three characters of "Shuiximen" are carved to tell that it is a relic.

Shuiximen

Shuiximen is one of the thirteen gates of Ming Dynasty Capital in Nanjing city wall. It was originally named Sanshan gate. Shuiximen sits east to west and faces Qinhuai River. Its scale is second only to Tongji gate and Jubao gate (today's Zhonghua Gate). It is the main gate of Fuchuan (fish bellied) inner urn city. Shuiximen is an amphibious city gate, which was the main channel of waterway access in old Nanjing city.

The history of Shuiximen can be traced back to the capital of the Southern Tang Dynasty and the longguangmen in the Jinling City of the song and Yuan Dynasties. It was rebuilt in 1386 (the 19th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty) by royal decree. It was renamed sanshanmen because it overlooks the three mountains in the south. The shape of Sanshan gate is similar to that of Tongji gate. There are three inner urn cities with four gate walls. Between each two walls, there are urn cities. The inner urn cities are shaped like boats or fish bellies, which are used for reserving soldiers for defense.

In 1950's and 1960's, the movement of demolishing the city spread to Nanjing. Around 1953, sanshanmen urn and city gate were demolished one after another. In 1958, the remaining city gate and city wall were demolished. After the gate ticket and the right city wall were demolished in 1959, the Qinhuai River system inside and outside was no longer connected. The name of Shuiximen is still used today.

There is Shuiximen street outside the Shuiximen gate. It crosses the Qinhuai River through the Sanshan bridge and leads to the east gate of the waiguojiang river. There are Mochou Lake and Nanhu Lake on both sides. Today's Shuiximen site has Shuiximen square, where many urban trunk roads meet.

Historical evolution

Sanshanmen (now Shuiximen) was originally built in the Southern Tang Dynasty. It was built on the basis of the Southern Tang Dynasty longguangmen site in the early Ming Dynasty. It was the main gate of Fuchuan (fish bellied) inner urn city. Later, shichengmen was also known as hanximen because it was a land gate. The water gate close to the south is xishuiguan, which used to be the water gate of the Southern Tang Dynasty. It was built in the Ming Dynasty and later called Shuiximen. Since the Southern Tang Dynasty, the Shuilu gate has always been a place for business travel.

In history, Sanshan gate was still used until Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty and Hongwu year of Ming Dynasty. In the early years of Hongwu year of Ming Dynasty, this old gate was still used directly. It was not until 1386 that it was rebuilt. It was renamed "sanshanmen" because of its southern view of the three mountains. This gate was the main road to the West in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Anyone who entered yingtianfu city from the west of the city entered the city from shuichengmen.

In sanmeneshan, sunchu restaurant is located on the 16th floor of the early Ming Dynasty.

There is a ferry bridge outside Sanshan gate, formerly known as Sanshan bridge. It was built during the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, and the moat water was used to connect with the Huaihe River in the city.

It is in disrepair due to rain all the year round. On the morning of July 28, 1954, a crack in the Wengcheng of Zhonghuamen was in danger, injuring people. Then at 2 p.m., the southeast corner of the third urn in Shuiximen collapsed, crushing the west mountain wall of "Sun Renji sweeping bamboo line" and injuring a child. Therefore, the Nanjing municipal government decided to demolish the Shuiximen urn.

In 1953, Nanjing Municipal People's Government demolished the sanshanmen urn and Shuiximen shuichengmen. In 1958, it demolished the remaining gate and the city wall. In 1959, after the sanshanmen gate and the right city wall were demolished, the Qinhuai River system inside and outside was no longer connected, and the ancient pavilions were demolished, leaving only the name of Shuiximen, which is still in use today.

City gate scale

Sanshan gate is second only to Jubao gate (today's Zhonghua Gate), which is similar to Tongji gate. It has three inner urn cities with four gate walls. Between each two walls, there are urn cities. The inner urn cities are in the shape of boats or fish bellies, which are used for reserve defense. "Nandu Chayuan Zhi" said: "this gate is chongfan. It is 715 feet long, with 864 crenels, four gates under the city and one water gate on the right.

The origin of the name

The discovery of Shuiximen Wengcheng site is too important. In the book Nanjing city wall chronicle, a detailed plan is drawn below a picture of "an aerial view of sanshanmen" on page 210. This plan of Shuiximen was left in the period of Wang puppet of the Republic of China. It may have been painted by the Japanese. It is illustrated in Japanese. The drawing is very regular, including plane, front and side elevation. Since it is Shuiximen, why is it marked "sanshanmen" in black and white photos? From the Southern Tang Dynasty to the song and Yuan Dynasties, it was called Shuiximen and shuishuimen. In the Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt and renamed sanshanmen, but it was always called Shuiximen in folk custom.

Plane structure

From the plane view, the shape of Shuiximen urn is like a big ship. Yang Guoqing said that this is the unique feature of the Ming City Wall in Nanjing. "When the Ming city wall was built, there were only three urn cities of this size: Zhonghua Gate, Tongji gate and Shuixi gate. The relics found this time should be the south section of the outermost urn. The main city gate is probably to the west, near the viaduct. As for why there are several layers of arc-shaped brick masonry, it is a mystery, which is difficult to explain for the time being, and needs further research. "

When Zhu Yuanzhang built the urn, why did he design it as a boat? He thinks, "this is a kind of aesthetic taste, which may be a metaphor for some kind of saying. It should be to express a kind of good wishes." So, since the three urn cities are so important, why only the Zhonghuamen urn city is kept now? "Demolished!" Yang Guoqing told reporters with regret. Although they were all built at the same time, they were demolished at different times.

Conservation planning

It has been 55 years since the demolition of the urn. Since then, Nanjing people have never seen the spectacular sight of the urn again. Archaeologists say the discovery is the second largest in Nanjing in recent years, following the Jiankang Palace site. I hope this site can be well protected for the public to visit. "

Wengcheng, also known as Yuecheng, is an ancient city. The ancillary buildings attached to the gate and connected with the city wall are mostly semicircular, and a few are square or rectangular. When the enemy invades the urn, close the main gate and the urn gate, and the garrison will be able to catch turtles in the urn. Before the Ming Dynasty wall of Nanjing was built, the traditional Chinese urn was set outside the main city gate. In contrast to the old system, the Ming city wall of Nanjing set the urn in the gate, and set up a revolutionary "urn hole" (cangbing hole) on the city, which greatly strengthened the defense ability of the gate. Among them, Sanshan gate (Shuixi gate), Tongji gate (not existing now) and Jubao gate (Zhonghua Gate) are far larger and more powerful than other gates.

Chengmen Shuiguan

The Shuiguan of sanshanmen, namely xishuiguan, is called yuntaizha in Ming Dynasty. It is the confluence of the Inner Qinhuai River and the outer Qinhuai River. It is one of the most important scenes in the forty scenes of Jinling in Ming Dynasty.

The famous Sun Chu Baijiu was built on Yuntai gate because Li Bai, the great poet of the Tang Dynasty, had the phrase "Chao Gu Ling Jin Ling, song Blowing Sun Chu house", also known as "Taibai restaurant". After several years of damage and reconstruction, the restaurant still stands on the Bank of Qinhuai River in Shuiximen in the Qing Dynasty. Among the 48 Jinling sceneries of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, the 13th one is "Lou Huai sun Chu".

Next to the pavilion, there is the egret Pavilion in the west, the ershui Pavilion in the west, the folding willow Pavilion below, and the beauty Pavilion connected with the wind Pavilion.

Site protection

Today, sanshanmen site is composed of two parts: the East Square is the inner urn site, and the west square is the xishuiguan site. In ancient times, as one of the main defensive facilities of the city, the urn was usually outside the city gate, while the inner urn was originally created by the wall of Ming Dynasty in Nanjing. The inner urn is generally square, and the boat shaped inner urn of Shuiximen is the existing inner urn in Nanjing, which is of high cultural value.

It is in disrepair due to rain all the year round. On the morning of July 28, 1954, a crack in the Wengcheng of Zhonghuamen was in danger, injuring people. Then at 2 p.m., the southeast corner of the third urn in Shuiximen collapsed, crushing the west mountain wall of "Sun Renji sweeping bamboo line" and injuring a child. Therefore, the Nanjing municipal government decided to demolish the Shuiximen urn.

It has been 55 years since the demolition of the urn. Since then, Nanjing people have never seen the spectacular sight of the urn again. Archaeologists say the discovery is the second largest in Nanjing in recent years, following the Jiankang Palace site. I hope this site can be well protected for the public to visit. "

Traffic routes

Bus route: 28, 306, 317, 41, 48, 807, 83

Address: Shuiximen, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province

Longitude: 117.269268

Latitude: 31.87344

Chinese PinYin : Shui Xi Men