Glass Street

Liulichang is located in Xicheng District, 1 km away from Tiananmen Square. It starts from Nanbei Liuxiang in the West and ends at yanshousi street in the East, with a total length of 800 meters. It was named Haiwang village in the Liao and Jin Dynasties. In the yuan and Ming Dynasties, there were official kilns to make glazed tiles for the construction of the Imperial Palace, so it was called "Liulichang". During the reign of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, a famous cultural street with the essence of antiques was gradually formed. It is a famous historical and cultural tourist attraction displaying Chinese traditional culture, especially the art of calligraphy and painting. Today, it is still a cultural exchange place for Beijing people to pick up antique calligraphy and paintings.

Glass Street

Liulichang Street is located outside Heping gate in Beijing. It is a famous cultural street in Beijing. It originated in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, most of the people who came to Beijing to take part in the imperial examination lived in this area. Therefore, there were many shops selling books, ink, paper and inkstones, forming a strong cultural atmosphere. Most foreigners come here to visit Beijing. Liulichang Culture Street, which is famous at home and abroad, is located outside Heping gate of Beijing. It extends to Nanbei Liuxiang in Xicheng District in the West and Yanshou street in Xicheng District in the East, with a total length of about 800 meters. In fact, as far back as the Liao Dynasty, it was not a city, but a suburb. It was called "Haiwang village" at that time. Later, in the Yuan Dynasty, an official kiln was set up here to make glazed tiles. Since the construction of the inner city in the Ming Dynasty, the scale of the official kilns has been expanded because of the construction of palaces. The Liulichang became one of the five factories of the Ministry of industry of the imperial court at that time. After the construction of the outer city in the 32nd year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, it became an urban area, so it was not suitable for Liulichang to burn kilns in the city, but moved to liuliquu village in Mentougou District. However, the name of "Liulichang" remained and has been handed down to this day.

history

During the Shunzhi period in the early Qing Dynasty, Manchu and Han people lived separately in the capital. The Liulichang factory is located in the western part of the outer city. Most of the Han officials then lived nearby. Later, the guilds in various parts of the country were built nearby. Officials and the exorcisant of the examination were also gathered in the book market, so that the front door, the lamp market and the Town God's Temple book market in the west of the Ming Dynasty were gradually transferred to Liulichang. Booksellers from all over the world set up stalls, built rooms and sold a large number of books here. The prosperous market and convenient conditions have formed the "place of elegant tour in Kyoto", which has gradually developed Liulichang into the largest book market in the capital, and formed a cultural market full of people and culture. The pen, ink, paper and inkstone, antiques, calligraphy and painting and so on, which are related to culture, have also developed.

In the late Qing Dynasty, a normal school was built on the site of the original Liulichang, which was the predecessor of the high school attached to normal university. Haiwang Village Park was built to the south of the original site, which became the center of Liulichang market and one of the most lively places in Changdian. In 1927, peace gate was built and Xinhua street was built. Since then, Liulichang Culture Street has been divided into East Liulichang and West Liulichang.

shop

Liulichang has many famous old stores, such as Huaiyin Shanfang, ruguzhai, Guyi studio, ruichengzhai, cuiwenge, Yidege, lifushou Bizhuang, etc., as well as China Bookstore, the largest used bookstore in China, and the three original bookstores of xiliulichang - Commercial Press, Zhonghua bookstore and world bookstore. The most famous old shop of Liulichang is rongbaozhai. It is said that Liulichang is famous for rongbaozhai and other famous cultural old shops. There is a reason for this. The predecessor of rongbaozhai was "songzhuzhai", which was renamed "rongbaozhai" in the Guangxu period. Lu Runxiang, a famous calligrapher, inscribed "rongbaozhai". In the late Qing Dynasty, scholars often gathered here, and the older generation of calligraphers such as Yu Youren, Zhang Daqian, Wu Changshuo and Qi Baishi were also frequent visitors. I don't know if you've seen the film and the photo of the founding ceremony carefully. In it, the famous old man with a long beard, Mr. Shen Junru, bought the yardstick from rongbaozhai.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, rongbaozhai, Daqian gallery and other old shops in Liulichang were competing for famous calligraphers and painters in front of the window. Attracted people to stop to watch, become a landscape of Liulichang. At that time, there were also many famous paintings in rongbaozhai. Rongbaozhai is famous for its woodblock watermarks and reproductions. Rong Baozhai's woodblock watermark technology integrates engraving, printing, folding and cutting technology, making the art of watermark products more perfect, which was praised by Lu Xun.

After liberation

Under the care of the party and the government, some of the traditional crafts of rongbaozhai are brilliant. Rongbaozhai's reproduction and printing technology has reached the stage of "reaching the peak, just like the original", which is enough to confuse the fake with the real. Rong Baozhai's famous works, such as the painting of Wenyuan and the painting of Qingming River, have been exhibited in many countries, which have aroused the amazement of numerous famous artists and enjoyed a high reputation in the world. When Qi Baishi, a famous master of traditional Chinese painting, was alive, he could hardly identify which one was his original and which one was a copy.

Since the reform and opening up, with the support and advocacy of the governments at all levels in Beijing and Xuanwu District, Liulichang has been renovated and renovated for many times, making this famous old cultural street glow with new youth. Today's Liulichang Cultural Street has become a place where books, calligraphy and paintings, antiques, and study are widely collected. It has become a must for domestic and foreign tourists to visit the old Beijing culture.

At the same time, because this geomantic treasure land is a place where officials, Ju Zi, literati, cultural businessmen, and pear garden artists live together, it has the most abundant human resources: allusions, stories, interpersonal and other human landscape. All these constitute a part of the "national soul" in the spiritual world of the Chinese people. This is the basis for today's re planning, design and conception of Liulichang Cultural Industrial Park, and it is also an important difference between Liulichang Cultural Industrial Park and other short history areas with less historical and cultural resources and relatively larger imagination space. Therefore, Liulichang is a big "cultural circle" of traditional culture.

Walking in cultural street

At that time, Liulichang was a dirt road, with low shops on both sides of the street. At that time, there was no counter or cashier in the bookstore. In one or two bookstores, there are bookshelves all around the door, full of books. Each book is attached with a label, which indicates the bibliography and price. All the windows in the inner room are closed. There is a table of eight immortals painted with elm wood. On both sides of the table are Taishi chairs, and couplets are hung between the walls. The contents of couplets are inseparable from books: "getting friends is like the moon, reading wonderful books is better than reading flowers", "all things are not as good as pleasure, flowers compete for the fragrance of reading", "reading books about countries often, no good for body and mind", "no good for heart, no desire, no pleasure as reading" There are also many couplets that are hard to recognize, most of which have been forgotten.

Apart from bookstores, Liulichang is an antique shop. At that time, "antique" was called "Gudong", which is an antique. Later it was called antique.

"Antique" is called "Wenwan" in the literati, which means literati's elegant things. From the perspective of history and culture, it's also OK, because to play these antique arts, it's not easy for ordinary people. They must have some knowledge of history and culture. Its meaning is more extensive than "antique", because it contains new, not just ancient. Antique shops are prepared for the rich and powerful. Generally, poor scholars do not dare to visit them. In tengyin Zaji, Cheng JinFang immigrated and sent a poem to Yuan Mei. There is a sentence in the poem that "the powerful family stopped their horses to play with their treasures, and cold guests came to the old books in front of the stall". It shows that antique shops have always been patronized by powerful gentry, and ordinary people can only choose some good and cheap old books from the old books stall.

Since the Republic of China, Liulichang, bookstores, antiques and other industries have long declined. Especially during the period of the fall of Beijing, all bookstores were dying, and many shops closed down one after another. Just as the old capital Zhuzhici said in that year, "reading houses are open, birds are plundering the doors, and Haiwang village is as quiet as a forest. Idle sea evaluation zunge Ding, waiting for the price of Millennium paintings "song and Yuan", a depressing scene.

Haiwang village in the CI, which is now the Chinese bookstore and antique shop on the north of Xikou road of East Liulichang, was called "Haiwang Village Park" at that time. On the left side of the gate, there is a photo studio with portraits of famous painters hanging in front of the gate. One of them is Mr. Qi Baishi, wearing a fox fur, a Turkish winter hat with black and purple lambs, and holding a fan. On the photo, Baishi wrote a few words: "the fan can pass the summer, and the fur can keep the cool. They need to be guarded day by day, so that people can laugh and go crazy." In order to show the artist's unsociable and upright nature. This photo is also a scene of Liulichang, which is always viewed by some people.

Cultural couplet

At that time, there were many couplets in Liulichang Cultural Street, which affected the surrounding environment. At the east entrance of Liulichang, there is a couplet in front of a resident's door, which says: "Liulichang covers chundui factory, and Yangmei is across the street. The resident is at the west entrance of Yangmei Zhuxie street, so it is quite interesting to have this couplet.

In the past, when we used to talk about Liulichang in a broad sense, it was not only the East and West Liulichang, but also Changdian, Xinhua Street, Huo temple, Tu Di temple, etc. For example, "New Year's bamboo branch Ci" chants "Changdian", which says: "on New Year's day, Changdian opens year by year, and tourists come and return. There are many jewels in the temple of fire, so I bought a few books In fact, the "Temple of fire" is located in the north of the inner road of the East Liulichang. Strictly speaking, it does not belong to "Changdian", but in a broad sense, it is not too much. The Liulichang I saw when I was young is an old and old street. The above is my deepest impression of Liulichang.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Liulichang was the "place for elegant tours in Kyoto". At that time, most Han officials lived outside Xuanwu Gate, and many guildhalls were nearby. Officials and examiners often gathered here. In the early Qing Dynasty, the annual Dong'an mendeng market was also moved here. In Du men Za Yong, there is Zhu Zhi's Ci chanting: "the new factory is in the new spring, so play a good book department store. Young master Qiu Ma

Chinese PinYin : Liu Li Chang