The ancient city of Jingzhou

Jingzhou City, also known as Jiangling City, is one of the 24 famous historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council in 1982. In 1996, Jingzhou Ancient City Wall was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Jingzhou is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the hinterland of Jianghan dry land. It is the birthplace of Chu culture, which is equal to the Central Plains culture in the Yellow River Basin and comparable to the ancient Greek and Roman culture. During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the construction of Jinan City, five kilometers north of the city, lasted for 411 years, leaving rich historical and cultural relics. Jingzhou is also a historical resort for the birth and reproduction of the Three Kingdoms culture. During the period of Wei, Shu and Wu, it was a strategic place for military strategists. In 120 chapters of the romance of the Three Kingdoms, 72 chapters involve Jingzhou. "Liu Bei borrows Jingzhou", "Guan Yu carelessly loses Jingzhou" and other popular stories take place in this ancient land. The ancient heritage of Jingzhou can be traced back to the long prehistoric period. The Jigongshan Paleolithic site, 50000-60000 years ago, is about 4 kilometers northeast of the ancient city, and more than 20 Neolithic sites have been found near the ancient city. There is no doubt that Jingzhou has a long and splendid history and culture. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the ancient city of Jingzhou has always been an important town for the successive dynasties to establish the imperial palace. In the Qin Dynasty, Nanjun was set up here and Jiangling County was set up. During the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided the whole country into thirteen states along the Qin system, among which Jingzhou was one. At that time, Jingzhou City was one of the top ten commercial cities in China. During the Three Kingdoms period, it was a crucial place for hegemony. Since then, Emperor an in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, Emperor Qihe, Emperor Liangyuan and Emperor houliangxuan in the Southern Dynasty, King Houliang in the Sui Dynasty, and King Nanping in the late Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, etc. successively, there have been 11 disputed princes who claimed to be emperors (kings) and established their capitals here for more than 100 years. In Tang Dynasty, Jingzhou was the auxiliary capital, called "Nanjun", which echoed the north and south of Chang'an city. In Yuan Dynasty, it was the capital of Jinghu province. In Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty, it was the capital of Huguang province. Since the Ming Dynasty, it has been the seat of the state (government, Department) and county. In the evolution of China's long history, Jingzhou's top priority position and role have greatly promoted the development and progress of the ancient city of Jingzhou.

The ancient city of Jingzhou

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

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Jingzhou Ancient City, also known as Jiangling City, is one of the national historical and cultural cities, and is also a national 4A scenic spot. There is a well preserved ancient city wall of Jingzhou, with a diameter of 3.75 km from east to west and 1.2 km from north to south, covering an area of 4.5 square kilometers. The perimeter of the wall is 10.5 km and the height is 8.83 m. There are six gates, each of which has a tower.

Jingzhou Ancient City Wall was built in the spring and Autumn period and Warring States period. It was the official ship wharf and Zhu palace of Chu state. Later, it became the governing post of Jiangling County, and the original city outline appeared. After more than 350 years of wind and rain, most of the existing ancient city walls were built in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. The majestic brick city now standing in front of people's eyes was built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The brick city is straight, complete and solid.

Historical evolution

The dispute between Wei, Shu and Wu Jingzhou constitutes the main axis of the historical development of the Three Kingdoms, leaving rich historical experience for later generations. At the end of the Three Kingdoms, whether the formation of the three kingdoms or the rise and fall of Wei, Shu and Wu hegemony, all related to the gains and losses of Jingzhou. And the rise and fall of the success or failure of the process, all of them give beneficial enlightenment to future generations. Jingzhou City, located in the west of Jingzhou City, is one of the first batch of historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council. The name of the city comes from its location in the south of Jingshan mountain. Jingzhou is one of the nine states in the world. In the Western Han Dynasty, Kyushu was changed into thirteen prefectures (prefectures), among which Jingzhou lived. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Jingzhou has been the name of state and government. It was not until the early Ming Dynasty that Jingzhou was fixed as a city name.

Jingzhou City, also known as Jiangling City, got its name because it was located in Jiangling County after poying in the Qin Dynasty. For more than 2000 years, Jiangling, as a place name, was used throughout the dynasties, so there were two names for one city. Jingzhou City has a long history. As early as 689 BC, after King Wen of Chu moved his capital to Ying (now Jinzhou City, 5 kilometers north of Jinzhou City), this is the official ship wharf of Chu. King Cheng of Chu (671-626 BC) built another palace here, named Zhugong. In 278 BC, the Qin Dynasty captured Ying capital by Bai Qi, which became the seat of Jiangling County. In the early Western Han Dynasty, Linjiang king was granted here. Later, Emperor an of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Emperor he of the Southern Qi Dynasty, Emperor Liang Yuan, Emperor Hou Liang, King liang of the late Sui Dynasty, Nandu of the Tang Dynasty and Jingnan Kingdom established their capitals here. Chu, Western Han, Eastern Han, Three Kingdoms, Western Jin, Eastern Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, song, Ming Dynasties, etc., granted the princes here. The city walls of Jingzhou were formed in the late Warring States period. There were walls in the Han Dynasty. Guan Yu, the general of Shu, Zhu ran, the prefect of Wu, Huan Wen, emperor yuan of Liang, and Gao Jixing, the king of Nanping, all repaired Jingzhou. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the city was destroyed. During the reign of Chunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty, the city walls were rebuilt and the moats were dug in the 10th year of Chunyou (1250 A.D.). In the early Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan ordered the demolition of Jingzhou City. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, when Zhu Wuzhang was called king of Wu, he sent officials to rebuild Jingzhou. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Zhang nanzhong led the rebel army to capture Jingzhou City and demolish most of the city walls. In 1646 A.D., Jingzhou City was rebuilt according to the city foundation of Ming Dynasty, and the gate was renamed: the east gate was Yinbin gate, the southeast gate was Gongan gate, the west gate was Anlan gate, the south gate was Nanji gate, the big north gate was Gongji gate, and the small North Gate was Yuanan gate. The existing brick city in Jingzhou City is built in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. The whole city is an irregular rectangle, 3.75 km long from east to west, 1.2 km wide from north to south, 10.5 km in circumference, and 4.5 square kilometers in area. After 1970, with the development of transportation, with the approval of the State Council, three new three hole gates were opened on the city wall, and the original six gates, a total of nine gates. The brick city has an earthen wall, which is connected with the brick city and can pass through the city. The brick city is surrounded by an outer ring road and a water city. Water city is commonly known as moat. Jingzhou City Wall is about 9 meters high and 10 meters thick. There are three Tibetan soldiers' caves and 24 cannons on the wall. There were 6 original towers, 5 of which were destroyed by the war, and only Gongjimen (dabeimen) tower Chaozong tower was left. In the 1980s, the government allocated funds to rebuild the yinbinmen tower, which was named Binyang tower. Jingzhou City has a history of 350 years since it was last restored in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. It is still well preserved. It is one of the few existing ancient city walls in China. It is the only intact ancient city wall in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Especially the spread of the story of the romance of the Three Kingdoms makes Jingzhou famous all over the world. Jingzhou City has become an important tourist area on the Three Kingdoms tourism line in China. There are more than 30 relics and cultural attractions of the Three Kingdoms for tourists to explore.

The ancient city of Jingzhou has accumulated rich historical culture. There are many historic sites in and around Jingzhou City. The land where Dayu controlled the flood, the former capital of Chu, the ruins of disputes among the Three Kingdoms, and the victories of celebrities in the past dynasties are countless. Jingzhou Ancient City Wall is one of the most representative and important historic sites. According to the records of Geography in the later Han Dynasty, the construction history of Jingzhou Ancient City wall can be traced back to the period of King li of Zhou more than 2800 years ago. According to the latest archaeological excavation of the ancient city wall, Jingzhou Ancient City Wall is the only ancient city wall with the longest history, the most dynasties and the development of the Earth City in China. In March 1998, archaeologists excavated brick cities in Song Dynasty and Five Dynasties, and earth cities in Jin Dynasty and three kingdoms. The discovery of the Five Dynasties brick city, which is 10 meters below the present city wall, makes the construction history of Jingzhou brick city go back more than 400 years from the common recognition of Ming Dynasty. This archaeological excavation also confirmed that: since the Three Kingdoms period, Jingzhou Ancient City Wall has not undergone great changes, and the displacement distance is only about 50 meters; the earth city wall is far earlier than the brick city wall. In August 2000, archaeologists found a nearly 20 meter long lime glutinous rice wall rammed in the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty on the west side of the north gate of Jingzhou City. Although this section of the city wall has been built for more than 500 years, it is still as strong as a rock, which is rare in the world.

Development and construction

Jingzhou Ancient City Wall was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Because the wall remains intact and the shape is complete, it ranks second among the seven ancient city walls in China, and is praised by experts as "a rare perfect wall in southern China". Over the past few years, three major projects have been carried out around the construction of the ancient city wall: first, the construction of the park around the city. The park covers a total area of 2.5 square kilometers. Around the ancient city wall, it has built a driveway inside and a pedestrian road outside, connecting 8 scenic spots and 36 landscapes. It has achieved the construction goal of "walking on the city wall, driving on the inner ring road and running on the outer ring road". The second is to build the Dragon Boat Race in Jiulongyuan. Jiulongyuan dragon boat race is located in the south of jiulongqiao, with a total area of 350000 square meters, including 168000 square meters of water surface, including eight scenic spots such as Zhongxuan building, jinlongxuan and Quyuan temple. Third, build Phoenix Square. Phoenix Square is located in the north of Jiulong bridge, with a total area of 190000 square meters, including 120000 square meters of land area, including nine scenic spots, such as Shuangfeng Chaoyang Square, Banfeng pool and Baifeng painted wall. It is a large-scale urban cultural square with the theme of promoting Jingchu culture. The construction of the three surrounding ancient city walls strengthened the protection of the ancient city, revitalized the historical and cultural assets, changed the image of the north gate of the city, and played a huge role in forming the unique landscape of Jingzhou City.

According to "Jingzhou City"

Chinese PinYin : Jing Zhou Gu Cheng