Jianfu Temple

Jianfu Temple

Jianfu temple, located in anrenfang, Chang'an City, Tang Dynasty (today's friendship West Road outside Yongning gate, Xi'an city), was first built in the first year of Tang Ruizong civilization (684). It was built by Royal relatives to offer their blessings 100 days after the death of Emperor Gaozong Lizhi, so it was originally named "Xianfu Temple". In the first year of Tianshu (690), it was changed into "Jianfu Temple"; in the second year of Shenlong (706), the temple was expanded to become a Buddhist academic institution after Ci'en Temple; in the fifth year of Huichang (845), Wuzong destroyed Buddhism, and Jianfu temple was one of the four monasteries reserved in Chang'an City (the other three were da'ci'en temple, Ximing temple and zhuangyan Temple).

Jianfu temple was originally located in the south of Kaihua square in Chang'an city of Tang Dynasty, which is the residence of Princess Xiangcheng, daughter of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Jianfu temple was destroyed by war and later moved to the pagoda where the little wild goose pagoda is located in anrenfang. Jianfu temple was renovated in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Its present layout and scale were formed in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

On June 22, 2014, at the 38th UNESCO World Heritage Committee meeting held in Doha, Qatar, the small wild goose pagoda in Jianfu temple was successfully listed in the world heritage list as a site of "Silk Road: road network of Chang'an Tianshan corridor" jointly applied for World Heritage by China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

geographical position

Tang dajianfu Temple occupies two squares of Kaihua and Anren. It is only one square away from the Imperial City in the north and Zhuque street in the central axis of Chang'an City in the West. It is located in the first column in the east of the street. It is only two or three li square away from the prosperous East and West cities in the East and West. The temple is in a prosperous area with convenient transportation and residents.

Today's Jianfu temple is located at 72 Youyi West Road, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, to the west of the South Gate of Xi'an city wall, about two stops away from Yongning gate.

Evolution of construction

Before Jianfu temple was built, the site of the temple was the former residence of emperor Yang Guang of Sui Dynasty, the former residence of King Jin, and the former residence of Emperor Li Xian of Tang Dynasty.

In 683, Li Zhi, Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, died. Li Xian, Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty, was soon abandoned by Empress Dowager Wu Zetian. His younger brother Li Dan ascended the throne for emperor Ruizong of the Tang Dynasty. On March 12, the first year of Ruizong civilization (684), Empress Dowager Wu Zetian ordered the Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty to offer a temple for the dead for a hundred days

. At that time, the largest temple in Chang'an city was Ci'en Temple. Ci'en Temple had more than ten rooms, 1897 rooms, and no more than 300 monks. On September 9, the first year of Zaichu (690), the "daxianfu Temple" was changed to "dajianfu Temple", and Wu Zetian personally wrote in white (the strokes are white, and the momentum is flying) "chici granted Jianfu Temple" temple forehead. When Wu Zetian was in Chang'an, she used to "send incense and release life" in Jianfu temple.

During the period of emperor Zhongzong of Tang Dynasty, Jianfu temple was greatly renovated. Daoan, the master of Luzong in the south of the Yangtze River, and Zhang Xi, the Minister of the Ministry of industry, had the same appointment. In addition, Daoan was specially invited to Tongdian. Because of the "wide open convenience, giving Tzu Chi, people or come from their own, service does not stay, cost about half the effort.". After the completion of the old house, new appearance, majestic palace, Zhongzong "very Jia", and repeatedly come to pay homage.

During the reign of Jinglong (707-709), another pagoda was built in anrenfang, south of Jianfu temple, across the street. A 15 level pagoda, Xiaoyan pagoda, was built in Jianfu temple with the investment of concubines from the back palace. It has been preserved for 1300 years. But the top of the tower has been destroyed, leaving only 13 levels, 43 meters high. Climb up the tower in the center of the city and look around. You can have a panoramic view of qufang city.

After the reconstruction of dajianfu temple, Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty visited the temple many times and wrote poems. Li Yi's fenghexing dajianfu Temple: "it's like setting up longxinyu, LongQian wants to live in the old house. The Blue Tower is draped with jade forehead, and the Dan battle guides the Jin Yu. The day of the dynasty is near, and the stars of the Zhou Dynasty are at the beginning. The empty song is qingpeizhu, and the Sanskrit music plays Hushu. The emperor made three circles, and the astronomical heart was six empty. Kangzai filial piety Li RI, Chongde in Zhenru.

”According to Li Qiao's Fenghe Xingda Jianfu Temple Yingzhi, "the Guiyu Dynasty was divided into four groups, and the orchid palace was divided into four Chan. The Silver Pavilion is broken in the middle of the sky, and the treasure ropes are connected.

”Liu Xian's "Fenghe Xingda Jianfu temple should be made" says: "at the foot of xiangta fish mountain, Yanshui riverside of Zen hall. The Pearl flag reflects the day, and the mirror hall depicts youth.

”These poems show that Tang Zhongzong, who was deeply attached to his Qianlong's former residence, pushed the scale and prosperity of Jianfu temple to the peak of history.

In the fifth year of Huichang (845), Emperor Wuzong of Tang Dynasty ordered the destruction of Buddhas all over the country. At that time, only two streets around Chang'an were allowed to "stay in two temples, with 30 monks in each temple."

"Shangdu left Street (east of Zhuque Street) left Cien, Jianfu, right Street (West of Zhuque Street) left Ximing, solemn"

. Jianfu temple was built by Empress Wu Zetian to pray for Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty. It had a special political status and influence, so it was spared from misfortune in this movement.

In the Tang Dynasty, Jianfu temple was destroyed by the fire. Jianfu temple was moved to the pagoda yard, where today's little wild goose pagoda is located.

In 1443-1449, Shao Siji, a monk from the western regions, rebuilt Jianfu temple on the basis of temples in the Tang Dynasty.

In 1918, during the "war of protecting the law", Zhang Yi'an, Dong Zhenwu, Feng Ziming and Li Huchen of the Yasukuni army attacked Chen Shufan's army with Jianfu temple as a stronghold, and the two sides fought fiercely here, causing serious damage to Jianfu temple.

In 1926, Henan warlord Liu Zhenhua besieged Xi'an. During the siege, the song xihou regiment of Shaanxi army stationed at Jianfu temple. After six days of fierce fighting, Jianfu Temple changed hands three times. The Jin Dynasty iron bell in the temple was exploded by Liu Zhenhua's Zhensong military cluster grenade in this battle.

In 1938, after the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, Hu zongnan's headquarters of the 17th corps, the headquarters of the first war zone and the Xi'an appeasement office were all located in Jianfu temple. They did not withdraw to Hanzhong until May 17, 1949, three days before the liberation of Xi'an. They stayed for nearly 12 years.

Architectural pattern

Dajianfu temple in Tang Dynasty is composed of temple and futu temple. The temple is located in Kaihua square, with the door facing south. Futu temple is located in Anren square, with the door facing north, separated by the main street in the middle, and the two gates are opposite.

The architectural pattern of Jianfu temple from south to north is Shanmen, Jiaomen, Jindian, dongyuanmen, xiyuanmen, Tianwang hall, Cishi Pavilion, Gulou, bell tower, Jialan hall, chanshi hall, gatehouse, Zhaitang, chantang, xiaogulou, xiaozhonglou, Daxiong hall, storehouse, Dabei hall, Maitreya hall, Fudi, abbot, xiaoyanta, Baiyi Pavilion, Yaowang hall, dizang hall, Verdict (1) , case determination (2), quiet room, small bridge, etc.

According to the picture of Li Bu Zha Fu and Jian Fu hall, which was built in 1449 on the east side of the main hall of Jian Fu Temple, the gate looks like a bird's head gate in the shape of a shed, with eight character walls on both sides. There are two verandahs in the east of the gate, and in the middle of the gate is the heavenly king hall with three verandahs. There is one gate on each side, and the verandahs are connected with each other The ground extends northward and connects with the main hall, forming a closed courtyard.

On the left and right sides of the Tianwang hall, there are symmetrical buildings with double eaves at the top of the Xieshan mountain, which are bell and drum towers. In the middle of the hall, there is a brick high platform with arched gate holes at the bottom, and on the top is the "Cishi Pavilion" of the five intermittence temple at the top. Behind the pavilion, there are seven main halls. In front of the hall are platforms and steps, namely "zhengfo hall". After that, there are five auxiliary halls in the East and West, and five "cangjing hall" in the middle. Then there is the little wild goose pagoda.

Main buildings

Cultural relics

Temple culture

Beautiful scenery of pure land

Jianfu temple in Chang'an City in Tang Dynasty is a Buddhist temple garden with water as its victory. The courtyard is elegant and full of ancient trees. There is a releasing pool in the east courtyard of the temple, and there are hundreds of steps on Tuesday. Famous flowers and herbs are widely planted in the courtyard, especially Peony. The poet Wang Wei described the temple as a pure land of "abandoning strange harmony, shining in the sun, listening to the high Pavilion of Zhong Zhong, and worshiping the Buddha".

In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei studied Buddhism with Daoguang Zen master of Jianfu temple. In his preface to the anther poetry of guangshifang in Jianfu temple, he said that Daoguang "followed the movement of yin and Yang, and worked with Laolv. In the Daochang of Shuangshu (referring to Jianfu Temple), Daoguang took flowers as Buddhism. Heaven and overseas, exotic flowers and herbs Qiong Rui grows vines, invades the steps and wants to go up; Baoting is full of Wu, and should be exposed to the well. The sun shines brightly and the fragrance is in the same wind. It has been applied for the next nine months in winter, and it rains for four days

. It can be seen that planting and raising flowers are the duty of monks, and they are necessary for practice, and they are used as medicine.

Jianfu temple, with its beautiful and elegant environment, has attracted countless literati to visit, meet friends, appreciate flowers, recite poems, enjoy tea and stay here. It not only immediately chants poems to describe the scenery of the temple, but also can't be forgotten for a long time after leaving. It writes poems to recall. Li Duan's poem "the homesick hometown of the East Pool of Jianfu Temple" depicts the beautiful scenery of the garden of Jianfu Temple: "the evening rain and wind blow away, and the East pool is cool all night. Fu Liu back to weak Xing, the moon into Chuiyang. Dianthus idle open blue, rose dark spit yellow. Watching the crane dance on the piano, shaking the fan to attract the Tung fragrance. The old bamboo shoots are not full, but the new lotus leaves are not full. Flowers grow late in the forest, and grass grows first in the distant land.

”In the South courtyard of Jianfu Temple written by Xu Yin: "in the sound of music, there are two towers of rain and six streets of dust among peonies.

”Hu Su wrote in the peony of Jianfu Temple: "the ten day spring breeze separates the emerald and Cen, and only the numerous flowers become Yin.". The bottle should be decadent

Chinese PinYin : Jian Fu Si