Guangou

Guangou

Guangou, about 18 kilometers long, is located in Changping District and Yanqing County, northwest of Beijing. Guangou starts from Badaling Great Wall in the northwest and ends in North China Plain in the southeast. Guangou has been an important traffic artery between North China Plain and Mongolian grassland since ancient times. At present, there are three main traffic arteries in Guangou, including Beijing Tibet expressway, Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway and 216 city roads. The great wall of Badaling is located in the northwest ridge of Guangou. Juyongguan city crosses the Guangou river.

Geographically, it is customary to regard Guangou as the boundary between Taihang Mountain and Yanshan mountain. The east part of Guangou belongs to Yanshan mountain, and the west part belongs to Taihang Mountain. In fact, there is no significant difference between the two sides of the gully.

notes preceding the text of a book or following the title of an article

In fact, I would like to thank Mr. Zhizuo for letting me know the place of Guangou. Since then, I have become more interested in Beijing's regional culture. Walking in Guangou on this spring day and listening to Mr. Zhizuo's historical and cultural allusions is a kind of enjoyment and a sense of touch with history. If you go, you will understand. In addition, I would like to thank the author of this article, Mr. Song Guoxi, for his detailed description of a panoramic picture of Guangou.

[note] the blue font is extracted from the Internet

Introduction to Guangou

From Badaling to Nankou, Juyongguan gully is 40 Li long, with mountains on both sides and streams in the middle. There are many strange peaks and rocks, lush vegetation, magnificent rivers and mountains, beautiful scenery and many natural scenic spots. The Qin, Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties were the barrier of Youji, and the Liao, Jin, yuan and Ming Dynasties were the key to the capital. Since ancient times, it was the gateway from the Central Plains to Confucius outside the great wall and the communication hub between the north and the south. Many important historical events, celebrity anecdotes, including political, military, cultural and trade activities are related to the scenery here.

Juyong Diecui is one of the eight Yanjing scenic spots that Jin Zhangzong drank. Tanqin gorge, xianzhenshi and Guojie tower were famous scenic spots in Yuan Dynasty. There are 10 scenic spots, including Yongming temple crossing tower, pingfengshan, Yanshi, Yufeng temple, guanyinquan, Guanting, Guling, Houtai, xianrenzhen and Taohuaxi.

In yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, juyongguangou was the place where longzhenwei, longqingwei and yanqingwei ruled. There is an endless stream of dignitaries and merchants. Local people set up shop, set foot, operate on a shoestring and quarrying. After the opening of the Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway in 1909, the traffic volume was reduced, the shops were empty, the land was scarce, the farmland was thin, and the livelihood was difficult. With the increasing number of tourists year by year, in order to meet the needs of attracting tourists, some good people concocted "seventy-two scenic spots of Guangou". However, some scenic spots do not live up to the name, some scenic spots do not have the meaning, and the scenic spots that people say are not the same.

In 1984, Yanqing County Cultural Relics Management Office interviewed Mr. Cheng Weizhou of Juyongguan. He provided 72 scenes, including 13 near Badaling, 11 near Qinglong bridge, 12 near Sanbao, 8 near siqiaozi, 25 near Juyongguan, and 3 unclear locations.

In February 1986, Yanqing County Division office sorted out 39 Guangou scenic spots in Yanqing County, of which 7 have been damaged and no famous scenery. There are 32 names: Chadao City, Shiyang mountain, beacon tower, Badaling urn city and great wall, South fourth floor and North fourth floor, juyongwai town and north gate lock key, wangjingshi, platform, Jinniu cave, Qinglong daojishui, natural danger, herringbone switch, bronze statue and monument of Zhan Tianyou, ancient locust, liulangying, coffin stone, houmianbi, modaoshi, Shibapan, luotuoshi, qinglongtan and Wugui Head tunnel, tanqin gorge, wulangying, Guanyin Pavilion, Maitreya Tingqin, bieyoudongtian, jinyuchi, Xianrenqiao, Shihu, Heilongtan, Shifo temple. Seven places have been destroyed, including Xigu nunnery, stone Buddha Temple, Guanyin temple, Wugu temple, Kuixing Pavilion, Qinglong bridge and Langwo.

There are 28 scenic spots in Changping District, including wuguishi, xianzhenshi, Shangguan and Shangguan Xuexue, Baiguoshu, yinliangan, Juyongguan City, shouxingshan, Yuntai, jinliangyuzhufang, Niangniang Temple, LIULANG village, Wulang Jiejia cave, LIULANG yinmaquan, Pangong, zhuangyuanqiao, Juyong Diecui, baifengzhong, Longmen spray snow, dugefu, liangzuoshan, erlongxizhu, LIULANG shuanmazhu, Erren Playing chess for one, crescent stone and Baishan night moon, Nankou city and Zhaobi, Jinshan Beach and Tianmen array, Chen Youliang and kangmaocai village, and Beishan Xueli.

There are also 17 scenic spots with unknown location, including Qinglong mountain, Dongping Baishan, Damo mountain, Fenghuang mountain, qianmeishan, Xieshi, tumidong, Youguo wuzao, shirenjiu, Yuquan origin stele, Diecui mountain, Shuangquan Hebi, Qingshi stele, laopo temple, Maitreya courtyard, Weizhen Xiongguan stele and lvdan stone. The total number of the above is 84.

In recent years, some new scenic spots have emerged in Guangou. The relevant departments should organize on-the-spot investigation to eliminate the damaged scenic spots that can not be restored and have no real meaning, and add new scenic spots. Juyong Guangou is originally a whole, excluding the concept of Yanqing and Changping man-made demarcation, a new group of "seventy-two scenes of Guangou" is compiled.

The following is a list of 103 scenic spots collected by Yanqing County Cultural Relics Management Institute in the second cultural relics survey of Beijing in 1984. They are introduced according to ten categories: Castle, temple, pagoda and nunnery, mountain peak, spring, taizhai post station, cliff cave, strange stone, stele square, other natural landscape and other cultural landscape. The scenic spots belonging to Changping District did not participate in the census, and the contents were mostly omitted.

72 scenes of Guangou

Castles

Badaling Great Wall

Badaling city was built at the north entrance of Guangou, the valley fortress above Yan, the Juyong fortress in Qin Dynasty, and the Juyong fortress in Han Dynasty. After the Northern Qi Dynasty established Shangguan, which is 17 Li south of Badaling, it is still an important garrison. In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, it was called Beikou, but in the poems written by people at that time, it had the name of Badaling. Today's Badaling city was built in 1504, the 17th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty. It is 315 meters long and covers an area of 6000 square meters. The distance between the East and West gates is 63.9 meters. And build a side wall of 680 meters. In the tenth year of Zhengde (1515), the side wall extended from east to west, and the flood prevention troops were 131 Li and 2 fen long. In the third year of Longqing (1569), the old side wall was removed and the brick and stone structure was rebuilt. The hollow enemy platform Great Wall, which can resist the enemy on both sides, is what we see now.

Weicheng, Longzhen

At the foot of the east mountain of Qinglong bridge. In the first year of emperor Qing of Yuan Dynasty (1312), Renzong Aiyu libalibada set up Longzhen health center. According to the records of Xiguan in Ming Dynasty, the commander of Yuan Dynasty, zheyanhua, had good governance, and there were inscriptions of good governance in Weicheng, which could not be identified. According to Yanqing Wei Zhi Lue of the Qing Dynasty, there is still an old foundation at the east foot of Qinglong bridge.

Shangguan, Shangguan snow

Shangguan is 17 Li south of Badaling, and now it is 8 Li north of Yongguan. This is the South Gate of Juyong Pass in Han Dynasty, which is also called Jundu pass because it is on the border of Jundu county. The Northern Qi Dynasty paid for this. Juyong Pass of Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties were all located here. In 1404, the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, Shangguan city was rebuilt, with a circumference of 285 Zhang. After the construction of the Beijing Zhangjiakou highway, the pass was destroyed and no one left. Shangguan snow is one of the eight sceneries in Guichuan. Juyong Guancheng, Juyong jucui

In the Yuan Dynasty, Juyongguan is called changpotian, which is a place for lodging in and out of Juyongguan. Emperor Shun of the Yuan dynasty built Yongming temple and crossing tower here. In the first year of Hongwu (1368) of Ming Dynasty, General Xu Da chose changpodian, 8 Li south of Shangguan, to build a new Juyongguan city. The city straddled the East and West Mountains and was 27 Zhang in 7 Li Zhou. After the civil engineering incident, the first year of Jingtai (1450), the imperial censor Wang Zhen rebuilt Juyongguan City, which was completed in the sixth year of Jingtai (1455). Juyong Diecui mountain is located in the southeast of Juyong Pass, with a layer of rocks, a layer of pines and cypresses, and a layer of rock pines. It is one of the 72 scenic spots in Guangou and one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty wrote two poems and inscribed "Juyong jucui" in his own handwriting, which was engraved on the stele beside the south 8 Li avenue of Juyong Pass. During the Anti Japanese War, the stone tablet was buried under the roadbed. Ancient Yi City

According to Xiguan annals, it is located 15 miles south of Juyong Pass, to the west of nanxiaokou. It is said that empress Liao and Xiao had stationed troops here, so it is named. Nankou City

Nankou village, on the east side of Jingzhang highway, is the former site of Nankou city. It is the southernmost gate of the four passes in Guangou. It was called Juyong Xiakou in ancient times and is an integral part of Juyong Pass. In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369), General Xu Dali built Nankou city as the gate of Zhuang You Yan. In the second year of Yongle (1404), nankoubu city was rebuilt, with a circumference of 200 Zhang and 5 feet, named nankoumen.

Fork road, fork road autumn wind

Chadao, as the outpost of Juyong Pass, was a military important place where troops were stationed in the past dynasties. In 1551, the city was built because of frequent alarms. In 1571, it was reinforced and bricked. Even the women's wall is three feet and five feet high. On Tuesday, ten steps away, there are three gates in the west, South and North, and the dead gate in the north. According to the records of Yanqing Prefecture, there are two branches: huailaiwei, Xuanfu and Yanqing, yongningwei and sihaiye.

The existing city wall is built in the Ming Dynasty. The whole city is an irregular rectangle, with a little drum in the middle and a little shrinkage at both ends. It is built according to the mountain situation. The northern city is built on the middle of the mountain. A main street in the city, roadside shops, dwellings, official in the northeast corner of the city is the village primary school. The city was destroyed during the cultural revolution. Later, it was damaged by some people. Now there is no major maintenance project.

Chadao City, with magnificent construction, bold and unconstrained technology, is located between two beautiful mountains. Every autumn, the mountains are full of colorful spots and the autumn wind is rustling. It has been known as one of the eight scenic spots in Yanqing since ancient times, and it is called "Cha"

Chinese PinYin : Guan Gou