Keyuan

Dongguan Keyuan

synonym

Keyuan (garden of Dongguan City, Guangdong Province) generally refers to Keyuan (one of the four major gardens in Lingnan in Qing Dynasty)

Dongguan Keyuan, located in boxha community, Guancheng street, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, was built in 1850, covering an area of 2200 square meters. It is the representative of Lingnan gardens. Together with Qinghui garden, yuyinshanfang garden and Liangyuan garden, it is known as the "four Lingnan gardens" in Qing Dynasty.

Dongguan Keyuan is famous for its "small and exquisite design", which artistically combines residence, courtyard and study together. In three acres of land, pavilions, mountains and rivers, bridges and pavilions, halls, pavilions and courtyards are all available. The layout of the garden is high and low, zigzag, empty place with scenery, sparse place is not empty, it is the treasure of Lingnan Garden.

Dongguan Keyuan is one of the four well preserved gardens in Lingnan, which is representative of Lingnan Garden.

Dongguan Keyuan has bred a group of artists and cultural masters, which has an important impact on the culture of Dongguan and even Lingnan culture. It is a valuable cultural resource in Dongguan. The park collects, displays and studies classical garden architecture and Lingnan Painting School Cultural Relics. It has a special Museum of Lingnan architectural culture and Lingnan Painting School Art, and displays Lingnan traditional gardens and dwellings, Ju Chao, Ju Lian and Ke Yuan, Mo Bozhi and Lingnan architectural art, as well as mobile exhibitions updated from time to time.

On June 25, 2001, Dongguan Keyuan was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China.

Historical evolution

In July 1850, Zhang Jingxiu resigned and returned home to build Keyuan in Dongguan.

In October 1949, after the liberation of Dongguan, Keyuan in Dongguan was divided into peasant housing during the land reform.

In the 1950s, Keyuan in Dongguan was changed into a nursing home in boxha village.

In 1961, the people's Government of Dongguan county began to repair Dongguan Keyuan.

In 1964, Comrade Lin Ruo, then Secretary of Dongguan county Party committee, directly led the restoration work of Keyuan in Dongguan.

When the construction was completed in early 1966, Dongguan Keyuan was officially opened to the outside world.

In October 1966, when the "Cultural Revolution" began, Keyuan in Dongguan stopped opening. At the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", lion tower, moon worship platform and Zishu platform were demolished.

In the 1970s, Keyuan in Dongguan was changed into an overseas Chinese travel agency.

In 1979, Dongguan Keyuan Management Institute was officially listed and put under the management of Dongguan County Cultural Bureau.

In 1981, Dongguan Keyuan was reopened to the outside world.

On September 11, 1998, Dongguan Keyuan management office changed its name to "Dongguan Keyuan Museum"; on November 1, 1998, a listing ceremony was held.

On April 22, 2008, the opening ceremony of the new Keyuan museum was held.

Architectural pattern

structure

Dongguan Keyuan, covering an area of about 2200 square meters, has a layout around the court. According to the function and landscape needs, it can be roughly divided into three areas.

Southeast area is the main entrance area of the courtyard, the main function is to receive guests and staff diversion. The buildings in the southeast area include the building hall, the Red Pavilion, the thatched cottage, the vineyard hall, tingqiuju and its arcade. The building hall, the Red Pavilion and the porch form the central axis of the buildings in the southeast area.

The west side building is a place where the host hosts a banquet to receive guests and overlook the scenery. Including Shuangqing room, kexuan, kitchen and dining room in the back lane of the building. Shuangqing room is mainly used for banquet activities. The small patio on the north side of Shuangqing room can be ventilated and cool. In Shuangqing room, you can watch the water lilies in the lotus pool and enjoy the cold wind in the back lane. Kexuan is located on the west side of shuangqingshou. It is the highest building in the courtyard.

The buildings in the North District are built along the lake, with the unique function of sightseeing. The master's bedroom and study are all located in this group of buildings. Ketang is the main body of this group of buildings. There is a veranda near the lake. On the water surface of Yuyin, Boxi, there is a keting opposite to the veranda. People can get to keting from the curved bridge. In the west of Ketang is huzhongtian, in the middle of huzhongtian and kehu is the boat Hall - chuyuechi hall, and on the second floor is the master's study. There is a fish viewing box and platform in the northwest corner of Chuyue pond.

characteristic

Dongguan Keyuan, with its limited space, integrates a variety of gardening techniques, exquisite and unique, showing the unique charm of Lingnan Garden art.

Dongguan Keyuan consists of two flat courts, which is a staggered inner court structure. The architecture of Keyuan in Dongguan is integrated into several groups, which are surrounded by two relatively open inner court spaces. It is a rare type in the garden layout, which belongs to the garden layout technique of "Lianfang Guangxia". The main buildings can be divided into three groups: hall group in the southeast, hall group in the north and pavilion group in the West. Each group is connected by corridors, and the two pingting are staggered within the boundary space of these groups. The area of Keyuan is small, but the layout is compact and suitable for both the real and the virtual. The buildings are usually built on the edge of the garden. The layout of the garden is "even room and wide mansion" style, which surrounds two relatively open inner court spaces. The sight is not obstructed. It has a sense of space and distance, and does not produce a sense of depression.

Although there is no unified axis in Dongguan Keyuan building, it is roughly arranged in the north-south direction. The volume is appropriate, and the combination between buildings is exquisite. Among the building groups, there are transition spaces such as eaves corridor, front porch, hall, suite and open corridor. The length of the curve and straight line changes randomly with the trend, connecting the front and the back.

The two inner courtyards in Keyuan, Dongguan, seem to be connected or broken, one large and one small. The scenery echoes and interpenetrates with each other. The South inner court is small in area. The six corner half moon Pavilion named "Baohong Xiaoxie" is the entrance of the courtyard. The courtyard is quiet and quiet. It is mainly planted with litchi, longan and other Lingnan fruit trees. Several pieces of yellow wax stones, stone tables and stone tables are scattered under the trees. Far away from the entrance is a curved pool with a narrow surface and high hurdles, which is quiet and distant. The view of the inner court on the north side is open, and there are zishutai, baiyueting and rockery in the courtyard. Between the two courtyards, there is a red sandstone paved path called "flower path". The scenery is transparent but not exposed, and the layers are rich.

In terms of sun protection and ventilation, Dongguan Keyuan adopts the Lingnan Garden's design principle of "let nature take its course and improve nature", so that the garden has a suitable environment for four seasons, and even in midsummer, it feels cool.

Main buildings

Red Pavilion

Baohong Pavilion is a peculiar building between Pavilion, house and terrace. This is the place where the host invites guests to have a rest.

 

"Break red" means to peel litchi. According to records, there were litchi trees planted beside the pavilion in those years. Whenever the litchi is ripe, you can pick up the fresh litchi and taste it.

 

Caotang

The thatched cottage is a place for Zhang Jingxiu to paint and rest. It is not a thatched cottage, nor a place for hasty work. Therefore, the couplet "grass grassland is not grass, hall dares to be hall" is named by Zhang Jingxiu to commemorate his military career. At the same time, he warns himself that a person's conduct and work should not be rash. He recalled that when fighting in Guangxi and other places, he said: "if you are hungry occasionally, you can eat quickly; if you are tired occasionally, you can sleep hastily; if you get up in the morning and wash hastily, you can walk hastily." It means that if you are hungry, you can eat anything. If you are sleepy, you can go to sleep. When you get up in the morning, you can simply clean up and set off. But he thought: "people should not be careless. If they are careless, they should not be careless So "Yu Jie is famous."

 

 

Shuangqing room

The structure of Shuangqing room is wonderful. The floor, ceiling and window sash of the building are all designed with the word "Ya". Yazi is an auspicious word. The traditional style is bow on the left and Jin on the right, catering to the martial spirit of the master of the garden. Shuangqing room is also used by the master to recite the wind and the moon. It is named "Shuangqing" according to the scenery of Zhanming bridge and Quchi reflecting the moon in front of the hall. The Quchi Lake in front of Shuangqing chamber originated from the poem Quchi lotus written by Lu Zhaolin of Tang Dynasty: "floating fragrance around the curved bank, round shadow reviving the pool. Often afraid of early autumn wind, you do not know Here you can see the pebble bed in the pool, the red fish swimming freely, the Lake stone standing gracefully, and the arch bridge across the East and West.

 

Ask Hua Xiaoyuan

Ask flower courtyard from "cloud solution have love flower solution language" sentence, plant crescent flower. In front of the courtyard, there is a boat hall near the water, named Chuyue pool hall. It is a place to enjoy the rising Chuyue at night. In it, there are underwater rattan wood carvings, named Baiwu homing. There is a garden theme couplet "you can be a floating family, how can you go with the tide".

 

Ketang

Ketang is the main building of Keyuan in Dongguan, with a height of 15 meters. The hall on the ground floor is called kexuan. The floor brick of kexuan is in the shape of osmanthus, also known as osmanthus hall. There is a small hole in the middle of the floor of the osmanthus hall. Modern people think it is used for drainage. In fact, it was the host who used to send wind and incense to the guests in the past. At that time, a blower was put in the small room next door. When the servant turned the blower, he added some sweet scented osmanthus spices. The wind came out slowly from the underground copper tube, and the cool wind was gusting to dispel the Qi. Next to them are stone steps, which connect Lvqi building and the second and third floors of Kelou building. On the fourth floor, Yaoshan Pavilion is the highest point of the whole garden. You can see the mountains from a distance and listen to the sound of the market nearby. Therefore, Lianyun said, "the river is in front of you, and the moon is in front of you.". Although the structure of Ketang is made of wood, stone and green brick, the architecture is particular, with carved windows, railings and beauties.

 

Chinese PinYin : Ke Yuan