Qilu Lake

Qilu Lake

Qilu Lake, known as "Haihe" in Tang Dynasty, is also known as "Tonghu" later. Located in Tonghai County, Yunnan Province. It is named after Qilu mountain (also known as Xiushan). It is 1.5 kilometers from Tonghai County in the south, also known as Tonghai. It belongs to Nanpanjiang River system.

Qilu Lake is a fault subsided lake. The long axis of the lake is east-west, with water level of 1796.62 meters, Lake area of 36.73 square kilometers, shoreline length of 45 kilometers, Lake length of 13.5 kilometers, average width of 2.72, maximum width of 5.2 kilometers, volume of 145 million cubic meters, catchment area of 340.8 square kilometers.

Qilu Lake is an important water resource in Tonghai County. Qilu Lake Basin is the main body of the social and economic development of Tonghai County and the basis for the survival and development of Tonghai County. People in Tonghai call Qilu Lake "Mother Lake".

Location context

Qilu Lake, known as "Haihe" in Tang Dynasty, is also known as "Tonghu" later. Located in Tonghai County, Yunnan Province. It is named after Qilu mountain (also known as Xiushan). Because the south is 1.5 kilometers away from Tonghai County, also known as Tonghai. It belongs to Nanpanjiang River system.

Qilu Lake is a fault subsided lake. The long axis of the lake is east-west. The ancient Qilu Lake occupies the whole Tonghai basin. The elevation of the lake reaches 2000 meters above sea level. After a long historical evolution, the water level drops and the lake surface shrinks. The outlet of luojiachongming in the southeast has become land.

In the 1980s, water was released several times for flood control, drainage and expansion of cultivated land. In 1983, the water level dropped to the lowest, 1792.07 meters above sea level. The water storage in the lake was only 17.6 million cubic meters, and the lake was facing drying up. Since 1985, the management and protection have been strengthened, and the water level of the lake has begun to rise.

The water level of the lake is 1796.62 meters, the lake area is 36.73 square kilometers, the length of the lake shoreline is 45 kilometers, the length of the lake is 13.5 kilometers, the average width is 2.72, the widest is 5.2 kilometers, the volume is 145 million cubic meters, and the catchment area is 340.8 square kilometers.

Water system composition

There are 8 rivers and streams around Qilu Lake. The Changsha River on the West Bank is the largest, 24 km long, followed by Daxin River on the south bank, 11 km long, and the rest are seasonal gullies less than 10 km long. It flows into Qilu Lake by overland flow. Along the lake, there are 36 springs, such as Yanzi, xinglongtan, Shibi Dalongtan and jiabaojing Longtan. The water quantity is small but stable. Qilu Lake has no outlet of Minghe River, and the water tunnel in yuejiaying of Zhenhai is the only flood discharge outlet of Qilu Lake, only the undercurrent flows through. In 1966, a 2.5x2.5m two hole gate was built in the sinkhole to control the water level according to the rain and water conditions. Around the lake, 95000 mu of farmland needs lake water irrigation.

There are mainly seven rivers entering the lake, among which Hongqi River, zhewan River, Zhonghe River and Daxin River are the four major rivers. The average runoff into the lake is 110 million cubic meters, and the inflow of Hongqi river is nearly 50%.

Ecological condition

Qilu Lake water is yellow green, slightly muddy, transparency from 2 meters in 1950s to 0.5-1 meters in 1980s, pH value is 8.4_ 9, biochemical oxygen demand 1.25-3.69 mg / L, dissolved oxygen decreased, total nitrogen 0.946-2.092 mg / L, total phosphorus 0.081-0.099 mg / L.

In 2014, the water quality of Qilu Lake was inferior to class v.

socioeconomic

Qilu Lake is an important water resource in Tonghai County. Qilu Lake Basin is the main body of the social and economic development of Tonghai County and the basis for the survival and development of Tonghai County. People in Tonghai call Qilu Lake "Mother Lake". At the end of 2014, the total population of the basin was 265500, and the GDP was 7.388 billion yuan.

Qilu Lake is an eutrophic lake, and its water pollution is mainly organic pollution, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution; the annual average water temperature is 15.6 ℃; the original fish fauna is relatively simple, and its composition is: Silu carp, bighead carp, Yunnan carp, qiaozui carp, crucian carp, loach, yunyun white fish, Qilu subspecies, Monopterus albus, catfish, black carp and other 10 indigenous fish. Before 1964, it mainly proliferated naturally, and then it began to be artificially released. The fish that were artificially released and followed were carp, white crucian carp, black carp, grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, Chinese minnow, wheatfish and Banghua fish. At present, there are 18 species of fish in 4 families. The production of indigenous economic fish has declined greatly. Big head carp and gobio have almost disappeared. Some valuable economic fish, such as black carp, Silu carp, qiaozui carp, Yunnan carp and white fish, are on the verge of extinction. The pollution tolerant species of crucian carp and the introduced species are from crucian carp.

Pingchou Lake fertile, rich in rice, wheat, tobacco and other crops.

General situation of River Basin

The lake coastline is 32 kilometers, and the basin area is 354 square kilometers. The total population of the whole basin is more than 270000, accounting for 90% of the total population of the county. It covers 7 townships (streets) in the county, with dense population and concentrated industry. The area of cultivated land in the basin is 140000 mu, and the total sown area of crops is 400000 mu (including multiple cropping).

ecological environment

Since 2010, Tonghai has put the remediation of agricultural and rural non-point source pollution in the first place, implemented the remediation project of non-point source pollution, increased efforts to guide the agricultural and rural areas around the lake to change the way of production and life, and improved the awareness of the people in the basin area to participate in lake protection. At the same time, active and effective measures should be taken to vigorously promote pollution control of abandoned vegetable leaves, soil testing and formulated fertilization, farmland wastewater treatment and recycling, disposal and resource utilization of abandoned vegetable leaves, and centralized disposal of rural domestic sewage and garbage. With 30000 farmland composting pools in Hongqi River Basin put into use and 318000 mu farmland implemented soil testing and formulated fertilization, 500 tons of chemical fertilizer was reduced.

In 2014, Tonghai incorporated the waste vegetable leaves from the county's vegetable cold storage into the vegetable waste resource utilization project, and put into trial operation the project of disposal and resource utilization of 1200 tons of waste vegetable leaves per day, which not only solved the pollution, but also produced benefits. The agricultural wastewater treatment and recycling project in Hongqi River, Zhonghe River and south bank area of Qilu Lake, and the centralized treatment project of domestic sewage and garbage in 18 villages have been completed and put into operation, basically controlling the non-point source pollution. In order to fundamentally control point source pollution, Tonghai takes accelerating industrial structure adjustment as the key measure of river basin governance, promotes industrial structure adjustment around the river basin, speeds up the pace of new industrialization, and speeds up the adjustment of industrial layout. It has made major adjustments to the planning of Tonghai hardware and electrical characteristic Park, adjusting the original seven areas along the lake to three areas, and only retaining the logistics park and area In order to solve the problem of pollution and emission, we guided the enterprises to move away from the surrounding area of Qilu Lake and concentrate on the intensive development and cluster development of Lishan industrial core park. At the same time, we insisted on energy conservation and emission reduction and eliminated backward production capacity, eliminated and shut down 7 small cement kilns that did not meet the production capacity requirements and 34 small paper mills in the runoff area.

Since 2010, Tonghai has invested 99.14 million yuan to build the Hongqi River, Zhonghe River waste interception project, terminal wetland treatment project, Qilu Lake South Bank farmland waste water purification and recycling project. Through the establishment of sewage intercepting gates on the main rivers into the lake, the implementation of decentralized sewage collection and treatment in key villages, and the construction of sewage treatment plants and supporting pipe networks, the river waste can be intercepted and cleared In order to control the pollution load of the river, we should build an ecological road around the lake, and implement the construction of sewage interception and treatment facilities around the lake in the densely populated areas around the lake.

Since 2013, Tonghai has put the treatment of rivers into the lake in an important position in the treatment of water pollution source of Qilu Lake. According to the arrangement of the city Party committee and the city government, Qilu Lake has seven main rivers under the river head responsibility system. Tonghai takes measures of centralized cleaning, separate cleaning and separate river management and protection, strengthens the management of rivers entering the lake, and according to the water pollution prevention and control idea of "sewage interception, connection, greening, widening and cleaning", takes source control and pollution reduction as the core, strengthens supervision and inspection, and improves the water environment and water quality of main rivers entering the lake.

Longitude: 102.767730713

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Chinese PinYin : Qi Lu Hu