Xu Da's tomb

Xu Da's tomb

Xu Da's tomb is located at 192 Bancang street, taipingmenwai, Xuanwu District, Nanjing. It is the tomb of Xu Da, the founder of the Ming Dynasty and the king of Zhongshan. It is a world cultural heritage site and a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Xu Da died in February of the 18th year of Hongwu (1385). He was granted the title of Zhongshan king, posthumous title of Wuning, and was buried in Zhongshan (Zijin Mountain). Xu Da's tomb was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province in 1956. On July 3, 2003, it became a world cultural heritage site together with Ming Xiaoling. In May 2006, it was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit together with other tombs of meritorious officials in the early Ming Dynasty.

Mausoleum layout

Xu Da's tomb faces south, facing Zhongshan, and the cemetery is magnificent. At the entrance, there is a memorial archway named "mingzhongshanwang Shinto". This archway was copied by Nanjing Cultural Relics Administration Committee in 1984. Shinto is about 300 meters long. Behind the memorial archway is Shinto stone carving. At present, there is still one Shinto tablet, one pair of stone horse, one pair of stone sheep, one pair of stone tiger, one pair of warrior and one pair of Wen Chen. The "Royal stele of the holy way of Zhongshan king" is the largest and most representative one of the tombs of meritorious officials in the Ming Dynasty. The stele is 8.95 meters high, 2.2 meters wide and 0.70 meters thick. The stele is divided into three parts: the upper part is a relief Yunlong inscription on the forehead, and the middle part is a seal inscription of "imperial Zhongshan King Shendao stele"; the middle part is the body of the stele, with 28 lines and more than 2000 words written by Zhu Yuanzhang himself, recording Xu Da's achievements in his life, which is extremely rare in ancient steles; the lower part is the Guifu stele base.

The end point of Shinto is the tomb, which is a joint Tomb of Xu Da and his wife. It is built with stone blocks at the bottom and sealed with earth at the top. In front of the tomb, there is a stone tablet erected by later generations, on which is engraved "the tomb of Wu Ning, the posthumous title of Zhongshan king, and Xie's wife granted by the Duke of the Ming and Wei Dynasties". On the East and west sides of Xu Da's tomb were the tombs of Xu Da's family.

From 1965 to 1983, in order to cooperate with the capital construction of Nanjing Astronomical Instrument Factory at that time, Nanjing Museum successively excavated and cleaned up the tombs of Xuda family, with a total of 11 tombs. Among them, there are epitaphs unearthed from the tombs of Xu Da's third son, eldest grandson and fifth grandson. At the same time, a large number of precious funerary objects are unearthed, which provide valuable material materials for the study of Ming Dynasty culture.

In April 2011, Xu junxu, the sixth generation grandson of Xu Da and the commander of the royal guards, was found buried together in the nandashan construction site of Nanjing Forestry University. Many exquisite cultural relics were unearthed, causing a sensation.

Shinto inscriptions

"I only believe that if there is a king in the world, there must be famous officials who are loyal and powerful to assist a generation of kings. That is to say, if there is a name in life, if there is a code in death, if there is a title in the world, if there is a title in the world, if there is a title in the world, if there is a title in the world, then there will be a title in the world. Today, the founding of the state, the auxiliary movement and the promotion of the city, Xuanli Wuchen, tejin Guanglu doctor, Zuo Zhuguo, Taifu, Wei Guogong, and Xu Da, who joined the army, are brave and responsible for the task of Pillar Stone. Because of the chaos of Yuan Dynasty, I stand up to return to you. I'd like to share with you my wisdom and wisdom, and send them to my heart, so as to unite millions of teachers. We are invincible. It's hard to be successful. He was a great treasure, and he was rewarded for his achievements. He was a noble Lord, and he was granted a heavy salary. He was still in charge of the army in Shuofang. I believe it. It's a great honor of my dynasty. In order to enjoy the extraordinary reward, we are blessed with a long life. Who knows that the star will die, and I bow to die. How can I forget the past and the present? Although the human nature of life and death is constant, today's meritorious service lies in the patriarchal clan and is well-known. It can shine on the predecessors and extend to the later generations without regret. Can we not cite the canon of pursuing the title? He was granted the title of King Zhongshan, posthumous title of Wuning, as a gift to all three kings and his wife

Profile

Xu Da (1332-1385), whose name is Tiande, was born in Haozhou (now Fengyang, Anhui Province). The founding fathers of the Ming Dynasty. In his early years, with Zhu Yuanzhang's uprising, he made many achievements. In 1364, Zhu Yuanzhang called the king of Wu in yingtianfu (Nanjing), granted Xu Da the Prime Minister of Zuo, and led the army to fight for the general. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, and the name of the country was Daming. With yingtianfu as the capital, Xu Da was granted the title of military minister, Guanglu doctor, Taifu, Zhongshu right prime minister and Duke of Wei for his outstanding contributions. It is said that Zhu Yuanzhang once awarded Xu Da a couplet: "breaking Lu pingman's skill is the first in ancient and modern times. He is a general and a prime minister. He has both talent and martial arts, which is unparalleled in the world.". After Xu Da died of illness, he was granted the title of king of Zhongshan, posthumous title of Wuning, buried in the shadow of Zhongshan, and enjoyed the imperial temple and the temple of meritorious officials.

Zhu Yuanzhang: "breaking the law and calming the barbarians is the first in ancient and modern times; being a general and a prime minister is unparalleled in talent, culture and martial arts."

Zhang Tingyu: "the emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty fought hard from chuyang and conquered the four sides. Although he said it was granted by heaven, he had a lot of power to cover the two kings. Zhongshan is prudent and resourceful. He has made great achievements, which has never been better than his reputation since ancient times. In Kaiping, he conquered the enemy, but he was not brave. He was loyal and modest, and he was good at holding his fame, so he was allowed to be the champion. Depending on the sun and the moon, the body is carved into the land of tin. If they are two kings, they are very prosperous. Gu Zhongshan's descendants are honored and favored by the world, and Kaiping's descendants are declining again. What is the reason for the fact that the price of goods is equal to that of food? Taizu tasted the words of the generals and said, "in order not to kill the generals in vain, it is not only for the benefit of the country, but also for your descendants." It's a good example for generals. "

Background

The tombs of Ming Gongchen are attached to the Xiaoling Mausoleum of Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty. The tombs of Xu Da, Wu Liang, Wu Zhen, Chang Yuchun, Qiu Cheng and Li Wenzhong have been found and their owners can be identified. Most of these tombstones have original tombstones and stone inscriptions on their paths.

Xu Da's tomb is located in Ningqi street, northwest of Zhongshan, near the end of Huayuan road. Facing south, it is the tomb of his wife. On both sides of the East and the West were the tombs of Xu's family, which were later occupied. Only Xu Da's tomb was left to commemorate this figure. Entering the memorial archway of "Ming Zhongshan King Shinto" is the Shinto tablet. It is said that it is the highest Shinto tablet in the tomb of Ming Dynasty meritorious officials, and it is well preserved. The inscription was written by Zhu Yuanzhang with punctuation, which is very rare in ancient steles. But the years have been patchy and I can't see clearly. There are several wengzhong and Stone Beasts beside Shinto. Walking on the long Shinto, a hill is not high sealed with soil, vegetation, a tombstone, pines and cypresses standing around, very quiet. Xu Da made great contributions to the war in his life. Before he died, he was granted the title of Duke of Wei. After he died, he was granted the title of King Zhongshan and was entitled to the imperial temple. The temple of meritorious officials ranked first. Hundreds of years later, people still pay homage to it.

It's about five minutes to the northeast of Ningqi street to Li Wenzhong's tomb. It's west to East. The scale of the existing cemetery is larger than that of Xuda cemetery. Shinto tablet is located in Shinto north, the reason is unknown. The stone carvings on the tomb path and the site of Xiangtang still exist. Li Wenzhong was Zhu Yuanzhang's nephew. He joined the army when he was young and made great contributions to the war. He was granted the title of Cao Guogong. Later, he admonished Taizu to kill less meritorious officials and was reprimanded. He became depressed and became ill. He died at the age of 46. After his death, he was granted the title of King Qiyang and deserved to enjoy the imperial temple. The portrait meritorious Officials Temple ranked third.

Traffic information

Take bus No.11, 68, 118, 313 to Huayuan Road station.

Address: No.190 Bancang street, taipingmenwai, Xuanwu District, Nanjing

Longitude: 118.825493

Latitude: 32.073889

Tel: 025-85409697

Ticket information: market price: 5.0 yuan

Chinese PinYin : Xu Da Mu