Sheqi Shanshan guild hall

Sheqi Shanshan guild hall is the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units announced by the State Council. Nanyang Shanshan guild hall is located in the center of Sheqi county. Sheqi Shanshan guild hall was built in 1756 of the Qing Dynasty. It covers an area of more than 10000 square meters. Sheqi Shanshan guild hall is a relatively complete ancient architectural complex of the Qing Dynasty. With beautiful scenery, Sheqi Shanshan guild hall is recognized as "the first guild hall in the world" by many national authoritative experts.

Sheqi Shanshan guild hall

Sheqi Shanshan guild hall is a national key cultural relic protection unit and a national AAAA scenic spot. It is located in Sheqi County, Nanyang City, Henan Province, a famous historical and cultural city in China. It was built by Shanxi and Shaanxi merchants in the Qing Dynasty. As a meeting place for their hometown, it is named Shanshan guild hall.

The clay statue of Guan Yu in Shanshan guild hall of Sheqi county is also called Shanshan temple. During the reign of Daoguang, it was renamed "Dingyuan society" and renamed "Shanshan guild hall" in 1923. It is the only folk chamber of Commerce Building in the country that has received Cixi's imperial pen.

Lu Jimin, former president of the Palace Museum, and Shan Shiyuan, vice president of the Palace Museum, once praised its "brilliant art, unique" and "brilliant and magnificent, the first in the world". Later, Sheqi Shanshan guild hall was known as "the first guild hall in China".

Introduction to guild hall

Shanshan guild hall of Sheqi covers an area of 13000 square meters from north to south. The ground is paved with one foot square blue and white stone slabs. There are more than 130 existing halls, halls, buildings, pavilions and other buildings. The main building is made up of four parts: the glazed wall, the xuanjian building, the Dabai hall and the Chunqiu building. In the front, there are glass screen wall, iron flagpole, east-west gate and east-west stables; in the back, there are xuanjian tower, bell and Drum Tower, east-west corridor room; in the back, there are Dabai hall, Yaowang hall and Mawang hall; finally, there are Chunqiu tower. The layout is strict and solemn.

In addition to the "Chunqiu building" in the rear, the rest are well preserved. It is a relatively complete architectural complex in Henan Province, and also one of the large and well preserved ancient architectural complexes in Nanyang city.

Main structure

The front part of the Shanshan guild hall of Sheqi is a huge and gorgeous relief wall of "three dragons playing spiders", which is 20 meters high and 13 meters wide. It is built in imitation of the "Nine Dragons wall" in Beijing. It is made of colorful glazed ceramic tiles and carved with flowers. The design is exquisite and the composition is artistic. It is resplendent. Xuanjian building, also known as "Bagua building", is the theater building of the guild hall. The building is 30 meters high, 17 meters wide and 20 meters deep. Built in the first year of Jiaqing (1796), it is a Xieshan style building with double eaves. It has three floors up and down, with flying bucket arches. There are wood and stone carvings on both the upper and lower floors. The ridge is decorated with figures and animals. The carvings are exquisite and exquisite.

There are bells and drums on both sides of the building, and the second floor serves as a foil. The second floor of the bell and drum is supported by 16 wooden columns; the East Tower is hung with a big bell, and the West Tower is hung with a big drum. On both sides of the bell and Drum Tower, there are East and west gate and stables. Dabai hall is the center of the guild hall, 34 meters high, 23 meters wide and 45 meters deep.

The Shanshan guild hall of Sheqi was built in 1869. The main hall was built on a high platform, which is a double eaves veranda style building. The original "warm Pavilion" in the back hall contains the memorial tablet of Guan Yu. Front hall for the banquet hall, carved beams, magnificent. Under the eaves of the hall, wood carvings such as "journey to the west" and "Fengshenbang" are exquisitely carved and vivid. On both sides of the front of the hall, there are large stone carvings, which are more than five feet high. The combination of relief and openwork carving is adopted. The stone carvings on the right wall are "fishing, firewood, farming and reading", and the landscape pavilions, figures, birds and beasts are finely carved and carefully laid out. The stone carvings on the left wall are "Eighteen scholars' dynasty Yingzhou", which are skillful, rich in content and vivid.

Sculpture art

The Shanshan guild hall of Sheqi is built by his highness. It is about four meters high. It is made of brick and stone. It is surrounded by stone railings. There is a stone carving archway, which is elaborately carved with "Golden Dragon wrapped with jade pillars", "Wenwu lion" and "eight love pictures"; under the archway is "jiulongkou", which is slanted with Yunlong stone carvings; on both sides of the archway, there are gatehouses with 13 steps. The main hall is surrounded by the hall of accompany, the hall of medicine king in the East and the hall of horse king in the West. Before the hall of accompany, there were 13 corridor rooms in the East and 13 corridor rooms in the west, which made the hall of worship more magnificent, solemn and spectacular. The architectural structure and carving art of the guild hall embody the ancient architectural art and unique style of our country. It is known as the ancient pearl of our country. It is a well preserved ancient architectural complex in Henan Province. It has become a famous tourist attraction. In 1988, it was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

The Shanshan guild hall of Sheqi was built in the last climax of Chinese ancient architectural art. In addition to the rich mentality of businessmen living in credit shops in Shanshan and Shaanxi provinces, they invested heavily in the construction of the guild hall with their abundant financial resources, so that they could "transport huge materials in northern Chu and visit famous craftsmen in the world" when they built the guild hall of Sheqi Shanshan, It is the top of the construction projects in this time and place. Craftsmen from all over the world gathered here to show their "unique skills", which made the architectural decoration art of Sheqi Shanshan guild hall reach its peak at that time. At the same time, Sheqi credit shop ancient city is located in the important place of cultural exchange and influence between the north and the south. Its construction technology combines the advantages of the architectural culture of the north and the south, and integrates the magnificent momentum of the ancient buildings in the north and the rigorous and soft style of the ancient buildings in the south. It has become a model of the ancient buildings with unique style.

To sum up, the architectural decoration art of Sheqi Shanshan guild hall has ten unique aspects in the existing guild hall buildings and even the ancient folk buildings except the Imperial Palace, which can be called "the top ten".

Architectural features

The Shanshan guild hall of Sheqi was built in 1756 A.D. and was completed in the 18th year of Guangxu after Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng and Tongzhi. It was built in 137 a.d. by the six emperors. It covers an area of 10885.29 square meters and a construction area of 6235.196 square meters. From the south to the north, the main building has glass screen wall, Xuanyi building, Dabai hall and Chunqiu building along the central axis. The left and right supporting buildings are symmetrical with each other. From the south to the north, there are East-West Yuanmen, east-west stables, second floor of Bell and drum, east-west corridor room, and two accompanying halls of Yaowang and Mawang on both sides of Dabai hall.

The layout of the building is composed of front courtyard, middle courtyard and back courtyard. The layout is rigorous and reasonable. The halls and pavilions are dense, high in the north and low in the south. There are 152 buildings of various types. The interior and exterior are all paved with blue and white marble. The buildings are decorated with exquisite patterns of stone carving, wood carving, fire casting or ceramic sculpture.

Inscriptions

According to the Inscriptions: "transport huge timber in the north of Chu, visit famous craftsmen in the world.". It costs millions of taels of silver. In short, the overall design of the guild hall pursues poetic and picturesque, and the furnishings and decorations are extremely rich and gorgeous. In 1963, it was announced as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit by the people's Government of Henan Province, and on January 13, 1988, it was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council

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The glazed screen wall is modeled on the nine dragon wall of the Forbidden City in Beijing. It is 10.4 meters high, 13 meters wide and 1.70 meters thick. It has a single eaves and a hard top. It is built with more than 1000 colorful glazed bricks. The two sides of the wall are decorated with exquisite and transparent "two dragon drama" beads "," dragon and tiger fighting "," Danfeng Chaoyang "," carp leaping over the dragon's gate "," Phoenix wearing peony "," Five Dragons holding saints "and nine dragons with different postures, such as Fu, Lu and Shou. Zhaobi middle horizontal book "Yiguan ancient and modern". On both sides of the couplet, two couplets are written: "the mighty Qi has swallowed Wu and Wei, Maguang is often Yin, Jin and Qin", "the glow of Jingbi is comparable to that of Fu, and the wall of soup looks forward to Yingling". It expresses the admiration and memory of Shanxi and Shaanxi people for Guan Yu. The handwriting is written in golden ancient style, which is solemn and solemn.

There are symmetrical east gate, west gate, East stables and West stables surrounding the front yard of the guild hall. We went into the front yard. There is a pair of white jade carved lions in the courtyard. In front of the lion stands the iron flagpole, which is 15 meters high and weighs more than 50000 Jin. The blue stone xumizuo is carved with pictures of Tianma, Qilin, lion and other animals on its waist. On xumizuo stands the iron lion, and the flagpole passes through the lion. There are three cloud buckets on the flagpole, big, middle and small. Each cloud bucket has four Fengduo. There are dragons winding between the cloud buckets. At the top of each cloud bucket, there was a phoenix flying. During the Anti Japanese War, a bird in the East was blown up by a Japanese plane. The iron flagpole was cast in the 22nd year of Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty (1817 A.D.), and it is said that it was cast by supporting the earth at different festivals. The gate is opposite from east to west, built on a high brick arch, with a single eaves resting on the top of the mountain. Surrounded by a brick guardrail, it is 12.37 meters high. In the middle of it, stone inscriptions of "shengzijie" and "yueqilu" are inlaid respectively.

Guildhall Theater

Xuanyilou, also known as "bagualou", is the theater building of the guild hall. It was built in 1786, the first year of Jiaqing, and completed in 1821, the first year of Daoguang. It took 25 years. The building is 18.36 meters high, 20 meters long and 18 meters wide. It is divided into upper, middle and lower floors. It is a hilltop building with triple eaves. On both sides of the main ridge are decorated with dragon and peony patterns. In the middle of the ridge is a glazed building with three characters of "tianwuchi" engraved inside. The couplet on both sides of the building door is "this is Mount Putuo. Why go to the South China Sea so far?". There are 20 large columns in the building. There are three levels of column foundations under the building. The upper level is mostly drum shaped, and the lower level is square drum base. The designs of Unicorn, lion, ox and horse are carved on all sides. To the north of the building is the stage, on which is hung the plaque of "Xuanyi building" erected by Haosheng society in 1844. The word "Xuanyi" was written by Fu Qingzhu, a calligrapher at the end of Ming Dynasty in Shanxi Province. The word "Lou" was written by Xu Jing, a Juren in Ye County in the late Qing Dynasty. The stone pillars on both sides were engraved with the words "return to Japan, chat and borrow."

Chinese PinYin : She Qi Shan Shan Hui Guan