Yongning ancient city

Yongning ancient city

Yongning ancient city is located 20 kilometers east of the center of Yanqing District, Beijing. Its establishment began in the Tang Dynasty. In 1414, Yongning County was set up at the foot of Tuanshan, taking the meaning of "Qi Ning Wei Yong" in Shujing. Yongning was the capital of Jinyun family during the five emperors, Yandi in the Warring States period, Yiyu County in the Han Dynasty, Ruzhou in the Tang Dynasty, Jinshan County in the Liao Dynasty, and Shenfeng Township in the Jin Dynasty. There are Yuhuang Pavilion, ancient streets, Catholic Church, ancient temples and other landscapes for visitors. It is the transportation hub in the eastern mountainous area of Yanqing and is now the seat of Yongning Town Government.

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Historical evolution

Yongning city was built in the 18th year of Zhenguan of Tang Dynasty (645 AD), supervised by the general Yuchi Gong (Jingde), which is called Hanjiang city. At that time, there was a big river in the south of the city, commonly known as Hanjiang. Around the Liao and Jin Dynasties, the city of Yongning in the Tang Dynasty was destroyed by war.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Yongning was called "zhongsuotun", also known as "zhongshitun". In the 12th year of Yongle (1414), Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, visited Tuanshan (also known as Dushan), 15 kilometers northwest of Yongning. At that time, Yanqing people had been moved to Guannei in the early Ming Dynasty, and Guichuan became increasingly desolate. When Zhu Di saw the beautiful mountains and rivers and fertile fields, he ordered the restoration of Longqing Prefecture and Yongning County. At the same time, he appointed Zhao Dan, the former Minister of rites, to move a large number of Shanxi people and criminal officials to develop and construct Yanqing.

In the fifth year of Xuande of Ming Dynasty (1431), Xue Lu, Marquis of Yangwu, was ordered to come to Yongning County to build the city. In the fourth year of the Ming Dynasty (1439), it was rebuilt on the basis of the original Tu Shi City. The city is square, with a circumference of six li and thirteen steps, and a height of three Zhang and five feet. In the 22nd year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty (1543), many city walls collapsed due to flood. In 1563, the imperial court sent the general Fang Zhen and the chief engineer Yang Dajie to renovate the city, and the height of the city increased to four Zhang. In the 27th year of Wanli (1599), general Zhang Guozhu repaired it again.

The Ming Dynasty Yongle 12 years (1414) after the establishment of Yongning County, began to build the Ming Tombs, so there is "first Yongning City, then the Ming Tombs" said.

It is said that after Zhu Di became emperor of Ming Dynasty in Beijing, he wanted to find a tomb and sent Liu Bowen to explore it. Liu Bowen came to Yongning and took a fancy to Jiulong Mountain. At that time, there was a village called paomawan in front of Jiulong Mountain, and there was a small river called swill River in front of the village. Liu Bowen thought that the Ming emperor's surname was Zhu, and it was ideal for pigs to have swill here. Zhu Di was overjoyed after his inspection and decided to move the people nearby to build a mausoleum. The villagers in paomawan were unwilling to move, so they came up with an idea to change the name of the village to tujiaying. They also carved stones and made old buildings to stand on the edge of the village. When Liu Bowen brought people here again, he found that the name of the village had changed. He was very angry. Because "Tu" is killing. The butcher wants to kill pigs. That's great! So he arrested the patriarch and questioned him.

The patriarch said that the correct name of the village is tujiaying, which has been called since the Yuan Dynasty. At that time, the Mongols stationed in Yongning slaughtered cattle and sheep all day, so they called the village tujiaying. Later, the elders set up boundary markers. As for Paoma Bay, it's just a common name.

When Liu Bowen saw the monument, he was very helpless, so he reported to Zhu Di and gave up the idea of building a mausoleum here.

Later, Zhu Di built the Ming Dynasty mausoleum in Changping County. After 1949, tujiaying people changed the name of the village to Xinhua camp. The place name is still there.

Main attractions

catholic church

In addition to the classical Chinese architecture, there is also a unique Western architecture in Yongning City, the Catholic Church, which is located at the entrance of an alley on Fumin Street, South Street. It was built in 1873, also known as the Sacred Heart Church of Jesus. It is the oldest and largest church in the suburbs of Beijing. The church has been renovated and the most beautiful mural on the dome of the church in Beijing has been painted so far.

Entering the church gate, the white Notre Dame Pavilion comes into view first, and then the top of the church, which is half covered by cypress trees, shows a very different style from the ancient city. Walking east to the front of the church, this medieval Gothic blue gray building will always bring some small shocks. The whole church faces south and is rectangular in north-south direction. It is 13 meters wide and 26 meters deep, covering an area of 416 square meters. Eight minarets rise from the sky. Eight brick columns stand in the front, among which four columns in the front are sandwiched with three triangles, and the triangle in the middle is carved with cross and foreign language. Because it is almost the same in shape as the Xishiku Catholic Church, which is located in the gate of Xi'an, Xicheng District, Beijing, but is small in scale, this church is also known as xiaobeitang.

The interior of the church is extremely sacred and exquisite. The murals on the central dome are jointly completed by the ninth generation of Michelangelo and the students of the Central Academy of fine arts. The 10 windows on the walls are made of colored glass of special materials, and the 14 hanging places on the inner walls are made of pure gold. The whole interior has reached the highest level in Asian churches.

Remains of the ancient temple

Although the restoration of Yuhuangge and Beijie made the old city of Yongning reappear, in the hearts of some old residents, the 42 ancient temples left since the Tang Dynasty are more valuable. After the cultural revolution, most of the ancient temples were destroyed and abandoned, which became the biggest regret of Yongning people. But there are also fire temple, Sanyi temple, Longwang temple and other ancient temples.

A very rare mural of Ming Dynasty fire temple was found in the fire Temple of Yongning Town. The mural depicts the war scenes of Ming Dynasty, which attracted the attention of the cultural department. The temple of fire is located in Heping Street, Yongning Town, with three main halls and three West halls. The East and West gables and the back eaves of the temple of fire are covered with murals. The immortals on the wall of the East Mountain are riding fire dragons, holding fire snakes, and stepping on wind and fire wheels, spraying smoke and setting fire to the bottom. The lower part of the mural is composed of two armies in full swing.

There are not many temples of God of fire in this county. They are mainly built in important towns and markets. At present, only the temple of God of fire in Yongning has been preserved. According to the investigation, the temple of fire in Heping Street was the place where the army sacrificed the military flag before the army went to war in Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, so it's natural that the war scenes of the Ming Dynasty appeared on the walls of the two mountains.

The murals on the East and West gables of Heping Street fire Temple depict the magnificent war scenes of Ming Dynasty. The mural is divided into two parts, the upper part is the immortal world, and the lower part is the human war. Although the mural does not specify which war is depicted, it is at least the epitome of the historical fact that the Ming Dynasty and the northern nomads fought and defended for a long time, and it is also a true portrayal of Yanqing as a place where the north and the South blend and a military defense fortress.

On the north side of the murals on the East and West gables of the temple of fire, near the city gate, there are a group of Ming Dynasty military band patterns, which makes people have a more intuitive understanding of the formation of Ming Dynasty military band. In the "battle picture" of dongshanqiang, a soldier blows the clarion call with "Changjian". These bands retain valuable information about military music of Ming Dynasty, which is of great significance to the study of the formation and spread of folk dance and music in Yanqing area.

According to cultural relics experts in the county, the two murals in Huoshen temple in Heping Street have certain reference value for the study of military thought, Sergeant system, military system, weapons and equipment in the Ming Dynasty.

Zhang Ruixiang is a famous "yongningtong". In order to retain the ancient temple and save the ancient city, he drew more than 30 meticulous paintings of the ancient temples and detailed maps of the original appearance of the ancient city in more than ten years with his childhood memory and the data collected over the years. From structural layout to eaves, wall tiles and mural decoration, every ancient temple is vividly painted, as if the miniature models of these ancient temples are in front of us.

The earliest recorded temples are Daowu emperor temple more than 1500 years ago and Jinyang Temple more than 1100 years ago. By the time of the Republic of China, there were 42 temples and ancestral halls in Yongning City alone. These large and small temples, scattered in a few square kilometers of small town, magnificent.

Among them, Xianhua temple, located in the northwest corner, has the largest area, with four courtyards and 86 halls. It worships Wuliang Buddha, Sakyamuni, Manjusri Bodhisattva and Puxian Bodhisattva. In the 1930s and 1940s, the largest and highest temple in Yongning city was destroyed. Now there are only two temples left.

Historical celebrities

Yongning in the era of imperial examination scholar, Gongsheng, Juren, Jinshi layer out. Hu Wei, a descendant of Hu Dahai, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, guarded Juyongguan and Badaling, and later settled in Yongning. Hu Dahai's fourteenth grandson (Tanhua in the reign of Daoguang) was a clean and honest official in Daotai, Hubei Province. After leaving office, he was killed on his way back to Li. Emperor Daoguang gave him a golden head to bury.

It is said that fan Lihua, a female general with excellent martial arts skills, once guarded the city. At the East and north gates of Yongning City, there are still traces of the school yard, commanding platform, horse ranch and stables used by fan Lihua when he was stationed.

special snacks

Special fire spoon

People who have been to the ancient city of Yongning will praise the "fire spoon" here. Xu Fuzhi told reporters that it is said that the history of fire spoon has been more than 2000 years since Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall. At that time, the border town in the north of Yongning was located on the high mountains. The people who built the Great Wall invented the fire spoon in order to bring dry food to satisfy their hunger. Yongning's fire spoon is tender and crisp, delicious and cheap.

Just out of the oven ladle, as long as it gently along the side of a pinch, it will crack a hole, love to eat vegetables can be sandwiched inside the oil cake, love to eat meat

Chinese PinYin : Yong Ning Gu Cheng