Yi sea Alliance

Yi sea Alliance

"Yi Hai alliance" is the first embodiment and major victory of the CPC's ethnic policy in practice, which adds luster to the miraculous Long March. In the process of passing through the Yi area, the Red Army of Chinese workers and peasants put forward: "the Red Army of Chinese workers and peasants liberates the weak and small nationalities; all the people are brothers and flesh." The idea of "establishing the Yi government and managing the Yi people" laid a solid foundation for the formulation of ethnic policies and the system of regional ethnic autonomy after the victory of the revolution.

brief introduction

The Yi Hai alliance ensured the smooth passage of the Red Army through Liangshan. Under the extremely difficult circumstances at that time, it preserved a valuable living force for the main force of the Red Army.

Related events

The difficulty of crossing the river

As the commander of the Red Army, Mao Zedong knew very well in his heart that the Red Army crossed the Jinsha River, got rid of the siege and interception of Chiang Kai Shek's heavy troops, and achieved the strategic goal of crossing the Yangtze River north and entering Sichuan. However, many difficulties still need to be overcome in order to reach Northwest Sichuan or Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu to create a new Soviet Area and find a foothold. At present, the most important difficulty is to quickly fly over the dangerous Dadu River.

There were two roads from Lugu to Dadu River at that time

One is the main road at that time. From the east of Lugu, Mianning, across Xiaoxiangling, through Yuexi county to dashubao, you can cross the Dadu River and reach Ya'an, threatening Chengdu, the enemy's heart in Sichuan.

The other is a small road, and it's a rugged and hard road to Yangchang mountain. From the north of Lugu to Mianning County, and then through the tuowu Yi inhabited area to Anshunchang by the Dadu River.

However, at that time, people regarded the path passing through the Yi nationality area as a daunting path, and it was not easy for the army to pass through this area.

Mao Zedong, who is familiar with Chinese history, knows that in 1863, 72 years ago, and also in May, Shi Dakai, a famous general of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, led tens of thousands of troops to zidadi (today's Anshunchang) of the Dadu River, which was blocked by the Dadu River. The Qing army colluded with Wang YingYuan, a local Tuqian family, and Ling Chengen, a Tusi, to encircle and intercept Shi Dakai's troops. As a result, Shi Dakai and his troops were at a loss. His wife and children threw themselves into the Dadu River, and the whole army was destroyed. Shi Dakai was captured by Luo Bingzhang, governor of Sichuan, and was killed in Chengdu.

Mao Zedong knew that his opponent Chiang Kai Shek would never miss the opportunity to destroy the Red Army. He was thinking and planning: how to compete with Chiang Kai Shek in a new round.

Chiang Kai Shek was also familiar with the story of Shi Dakai's defeat in the Dadu River. When he learned the news that the Red Army had crossed the Jinsha River and made a great leap forward, he thought that the opportunity had come to wipe out the Red Army. He was determined to make the Red Army repeat the tragedy of the total annihilation of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 72 years ago and make Mao Zedong the second Shi Dakai.

In order to encircle and annihilate the Red Army along the Dadu River, Chiang Kai Shek racked his brains. He concluded that the Red Army only dared to take the main road, not the small road. Therefore, he paid a lot of money to encircle and intercept the Red Army on the main road.

On May 10, 1935, Chiang Kai Shek flew from Guiyang to Kunming in order to urge people from all walks of life to besiege the Red Army. As soon as he arrived in Kunming, he immediately sent a telegram to all his troops in the north and south of Dadu River, saying: Dadu River is the place where the whole army of shidakai in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was destroyed. Now the Red Army has entered this high mountain, a line of midheaven, a barrier of rivers, and a Jedi with difficulties in feeding, it is no doubt that it will follow the path of shidakai. He ordered all departments to fight hard and establish awards. He also encouraged his subordinates, saying: the Red Army's entry into the Dadu River area of Liangshan this time is a good time for our army to gather and annihilate it. It is also said that the situation of the Red Army is more difficult than that of Shi Dakai. It is hoped that all the commanders of the Red Army will follow Luo Bingzhang's ambition to capture Shi Dakai alive and immediately lead the troops to encircle and attack the Red Army in the Dadu River and gather and annihilate them.

To ensure the realization of the strategic goal of encircling and annihilating Mao Zedong's Red Army, on the one hand, Chiang Kai Shek ordered the 100000 Kuomintang troops following the Red Army to quickly cross the Jinsha River and attack the Red Army in several ways, in an attempt to force the Red Army to approach the Dadu River; on the other hand, he ordered the Kuomintang troops intercepting the Red Army in front of him to quickly gather on the North Bank of the Dadu River, in an attempt to strangle the Red Army and destroy the Red Army in the Dadu River Crossing the south of the river. In order to make it impossible for the Red Army to cross the Dadu River, Chiang Kai Shek also ordered the troops guarding the Dadu River to collect all the boats and materials crossing the river on the south bank and concentrate them on the north bank; collect grain from the people on the south bank and transport it to the North bank to clear away the wild; and clear away the enemy's boundary. For example, the houses on the south bank can be used by the Red Army to cover those who are close to the river bank and burn them all.

Chiang Kai Shek arranged his formation, full of the thought that Shi Dakai's historical tragedy would be repeated here.

Mao Zedong was determined to break Chiang Kai Shek's wishful thinking. He understood that the key to the battle of the Dadu River deployed by Chiang Kai Shek was to stick to the Dadu River and not allow the Red Army to cross the river. After the 100000 Central Army chasing the Red Army crossed the Jinsha River, they attacked the Red Army from north to south in the deep mountains and valleys between the Jinsha River and the Dadu River. The key to breaking Chiang Kai Shek's wishful thinking is to cross the Dadu River before the central army catches up. But how can we cross the Dadu River?

Mao Zedong decided to avoid the main road and choose the small road. He concluded that Chiang Kai Shek thought that the Red Army did not dare to take the small road, so the defense of the small road must be weak. He decided to organize an advance team to investigate the deployment of Kuomintang troops across the border, so as to decide where to cross the Dadu River and how to cross it. This is an arduous task, which is closely related to the future of the Red Army. Who will be sent? He first thought of Liu Bocheng, chief of the general staff of the Red Army.

On May 19, 1935, the Central Military Commission appointed Liu Bocheng as the commander of the advance team, and Nie Rongzhen, political commissar of the first Red Army Corps, as the political commissar of the advance team. Xiao Hua, director of the Organization Department of the Political Department of the first Red Army Corps, was appointed as the leader of the mass work team.

Exhort Yi people

From Mianning to Dadu River, there is Daliangshan area in the middle. Yi people, a minority in Southwest China, live here. However, the Yi people living in Daliang Mountain were still in a slave society at that time because of the backward productivity and production relations. As the reactionary ruling class of the past dynasties has always carried out the policy of national oppression, which led to military suppression, political discrimination, economic plunder and cultural assimilation, the Yi people suffered a lot. All these have aroused the Yi People's suspicion and hostility towards the Han government and planted deep prejudice. They are especially against Han officers and soldiers entering the mountains. Obviously, at that time, it was very difficult for them to quickly understand what kind of army the Red Army was and the essential difference between the Communist Party and the Kuomintang. In this case, it is not easy to pass through this area smoothly. It is conceivable that Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen, who are the vanguard of the Red Army, have a heavy burden on their shoulders.

In order to gain time, we have to pass through the Yi nationality area of Daliang Mountain. At that time, the only weapon to overcome this difficulty was the party's ethnic policy. Before the advance party left, Mao Zedong personally pointed out to Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen: the task of the advance party is not to fight with the Yi people, but to publicize the party's ethnic policy, to use the inspiration of the policy to achieve friendship with the Yi people, and to try to persuade them to pass through the Yi People's area in a peaceful way. As long as all the Red Army exemplary implementation of discipline and party and ethnic policies, it will be able to win the trust and sympathy of the Yi people. The Yi people will not only not attack us, but also help us cross the Dadu River through the Yi inhabited areas.

Tuowu area to the north of Mianning is a place where the Yi people live in a slave society. According to the three branches of Guoji, Luohong and luowu, they form their own tribes and often fight against each other. Due to the long-term oppression of the local warlords, the gap and suspicion between the Red Army and the Han nationality were deep, and there was deep-rooted hostility, which brought great difficulties for the Red Army to pass through the Yi area.

The advance troops led by Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen arrived at Daqiao (today's Daqiao Town, Mianning County) on May 21. After investigation and research, they found a good guide and general secretary (translator) and entered the Yi area on May 22. When the red army passed the EWA pass, it was found that there were groups of Yi people in the forest, and they roared in an attempt to stop the Red Army from advancing. The army was forced to shorten the March distance and walked to Yi Haizi. Suddenly, gunfire came from the direction of EWA behind them, and hundreds of Yi people, armed with swords, spears and sticks, roared and fell to the Red Army. Then, a message came from behind, saying: "because the engineer company behind was left behind and had no weapons, they were robbed of all the tools and equipment by the Yi people, and were forced to return to their original place of departure. In this area, the advance troops were faced with a serious situation of encirclement before and attack after. The Red Army insisted on carrying out the party's ethnic policy and would never shoot, so the troops stopped advancing.

When Jing Tongsi (translator) yelled at the Yi people and did propaganda and explanation work, but there was no effect, suddenly from the valley pass, several people came riding mules and horses. Tong Si recognized that the leader was Guo jiyoda, the fourth uncle of Guo jixiaoyedan, the leader of Guo Jizhi. The general secretary contacted him and said that the chief of the Red Army wanted to talk to him. Guojiyoda (xiaoyedan) readily agreed and immediately dispersed the crowd. Xiao Hua, leader of the Red Army's mass work team, sat down on the spot with gojiyoda and had a conversation, which showed that the Red Army was fighting for the oppressed people. This did not disturb the Yi compatriots. Commander Liu of the Red Army led the brigade to cross the road and just went north. According to the Yi People's strong sense of loyalty, he told him that commander Liu would like to become a brother with the leader of the Yi people. At first,

Chinese PinYin : Yi Hai Jie Meng