Tianzhu Mountain National Forest Park

Tianzhu Mountain National Forest Park

Tianzhushan National Forest Park is a national 4A tourist attraction. It is located in Tianzhushan Town, 30 km southeast of Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province, south of Huling and north of Yunling. The east gate is in sendaoguan village, judge Town, 170 km away from Xi'an city and 135 km away from Shiyan City, Hubei Province.

Tianzhu Mountain National Forest Park is 40 kilometers long from east to west and 25 kilometers wide from north to south. The park covers an area of 1058 hectares, with a forest coverage rate of 88%. Tianzhu Mountain is famous for its precipitous and dangerous scenery. The main peak is 2074 meters above sea level. There are many mountains in the park, with many peaks, steep mountains and beautiful scenery. It is a bright pearl in Qinling Mountains, known as "Qinling Mountains" "Spectacle". Tianzhu mosiao is one of the eight Fengyang sceneries. It is like the pillar of heaven. It rises from the ground and plunges into the sky. It can be called "the unique scenery of Qinling Mountains". The beam on the back of the knife is like a knife cutting an axe. It faces Tu cliff on the left and cliffs on the right. The most spectacular scene is "the sea of clouds". After the rain, the clouds gather on the mountainside and spread out, forming a billowing ocean, which is like "the golden mountain overflowing with water".

Since the Han Dynasty, Tianzhu Mountain has been the center of Taoist activities. There are more than 10 ancient temples built in the past dynasties. Shuangfengguan temple and yungai temple are well preserved and have a long history of religious culture. It is said that Luo Gongyuan and LV Dongbin, the high road in the Tang Dynasty, and Shao Yong, the famous Neo Confucianist in the Song Dynasty, lived in seclusion here. Therefore, they have the reputation of "small Wudang in the northwest".

Scenic Area Planning

The planning layout of Tianzhu Mountain National Forest Park is "one belt, three lines and four areas", which is divided into four scenic spots: Tianzhu Dading religious and cultural tourist area, tiezhongping natural ecological tourist area, QILIXIA water leisure tourist area and sengdaoguan folk holiday tourist area. In accordance with the idea of "scientific positioning, highlighting characteristics and creating high-quality products", the scenic spot increases capital investment, improves supporting facilities, strengthens service function, optimizes tourism environment, and strives to build a tourism brand of "Shangluo, the most beautiful Qinling Mountains and picturesque Tianzhu Mountain".

geographical environment

Location of scenic spots

Tianzhushan National Forest Park is located in Tianzhushan Town, Shanyang County, Shangluo City, at the south foot of Qinling Mountains, in the southeast of Shaanxi Province. It is between 109 ° 56 ′ 45 ″ E and 110 ° 02 ′ 20 ″ n, 33 ° 22 ′ 50 ″ N and 33 ° 24 ′ 55 ″ n, West to sanlixia, east to sengdaoguan, north to south slope of Changgou, South to tongtagounao. It is about 9 km long from east to west and 4 km wide from north to south, covering an area of 1809 hectares. It is 150 kilometers away from Xi'an, 130 kilometers away from Shiyan and 30 kilometers away from the county seat.

Geology and geomorphology

Geological survey in Shangluo shows that there was an ancient trough stretching from east to west between Shanyang and Shangxian billions of years ago. After several times of crustal rise and fall, it gradually raised and uplifted, forming Changling that runs through the East and West. The geological structure is called Archean uplift. Later, when the ancient Qinling mountains began to uplift, the two sides of the ancient Qinling Mountains subsided slowly, and the Gaoba, Sehe and Fengzhen areas subsided into spindly trough. After hundreds of millions of years, due to the action of the earth's crust, it began to uplift again, and gradually connected with the Archean bulge. With the Yanshanian movement, the Archean and Proterozoic land in the north of Shangluo rose steep mountains, and the South and west of Shangluo sag again to form sea. The Paleozoic sea was distributed in the south of Xianghe to Zhongcun in the early stage, and then the last sea area was formed by the subsidence of Tianzhu Mountain (Tianzhu Mountain) to the west of nankuanping and Gaoba to the south of Sehe. About 200 million years ago, after the strong Indosinian crustal movement, these sedimentary areas began to rise again, and the sea water finally withdrew. Controlled by the east-west and northwest to Southeast structural faults, it developed into a ridge valley structure landform. At the end of Mesozoic, the geological structure was basically finalized. Since the tertiary and Quaternary, the neotectonic movement inherited the old tectonic pattern, with the characteristics of intermittent fault block differentiation movement. At the same time, it suffered from long-term weathering, denudation and river cutting, and gradually formed a mountain landform with complex structure, overlapping hills and deep valleys.

Tianzhu Mountain Forest Park is located in the south slope of Qinling Mountains, which is an important part of the Uighur mountains. The geological structures are West China fold belt and Indosinian fold belt. Slate WangYan is a reactivated fault zone. As a result of the uplift of the plate, the East-West trending buttresses almost parallel to the main ridge of the Huling mountains were formed in the south of the fault zone. Tianzhu Mountain Forest Park includes most of the area of the beam. The terrain is steep in the north and gentle in the south. The mountains are tall and steep. The relative height difference is about 1000 meters. The highest altitude of Tianzhu Mountain is 2074.7 meters, which is the highest peak in Shanyang County. A large area of terrain belongs to the Qinling Mountains. The main strata in the area are sedimentary facies, mainly limestone, with slate, shale and phyllite in some sections.

Landscape soil

The soil is mainly brown soil and yellow brown soil, with obvious vertical distribution. The yellow brown soil is below 1400m above sea level, and the brown forest soil and carbonate brown forest soil are between 1400m and 2000m above sea level. The thickness of soil layer is different. Generally, the soil layer of platform, terrace and gully palm is deep, and the soil layer of steep slope is thin. The pH value is 5.5-6.5, showing moderate to slight acid reaction. The soil is soft with high fertility.

Scenic peak

The lowest elevation of the mountain is 1255m, and the highest is 2074.4m. The main peaks are Dadingshan (North Peak), tiezhongping (East Peak), hongchiliang (south peak) and songshudang (West Peak).

The northern peak is the main peak, 2074 meters above sea level. On the top of the mountain, a column rises suddenly, more than 200 meters high and more than 300 meters around. It is shaped like a bamboo knot. The column is covered with strange stones, and the ancient pine is upside down. It is clear and foggy in the morning and evening.

Four stools, Tianzhu Mountain (Tianzhu Mountain) meandering West to the southwest of Bancang, protruding four peaks, arranged in steps, east-west trend, the main stool altitude of 1729 meters, the mountains are thick with miscellaneous trees.

Shuangfengguan, in the west of biantouxi, north-south trend, altitude of 1985 M. The mountain is majestic, with two peaks at the top and a protruding rock mouth, just like a phoenix crown.

The great heaven is located 9 kilometers southwest of biantou River, with a main peak of 1488 meters. Steep mountains, rugged roads, mixed flowers and trees, beautiful scenery, so it has the nickname of "great heaven".

Dujia mountain, 3 kilometers northeast of Songping Township, is 1120 meters above sea level. It is steep and difficult to climb. (the above five mountains belong to the South Branch of Tianzhu Mountain (Tianzhu Mountain), which is the watershed between Liangcha River and Jianhe river.)

Hydrological climate

hydrology

The forest park is located in the upstream of Qianjin River (the tributary of Hanjiang River). The main rivers from the forest park are Jianhe river and Liangcha River, which are tributaries of Qianjin river. Jian River, from bancangliu hillside, flows through Songping and Lianhua, and into Qianqian River in shangboling, Tongan. It has a total length of 28 kilometers, an average width of 15 meters, a drop of 10 meters, a drainage area of 179 square kilometers, high mountains and deep valleys in the upper section, fast flowing water, famous Shili gorge and Qili gorge, narrow as a weir. The Liangchahe river originates from the eastern part of Tianzhu, passes through Qiaotou River and Liangcha River, reaches the bottom of judge's land ridge and enters jinjiahe river. It is 17 kilometers long, with a drop of more than 500 meters and a drainage area of 104 square kilometers. Due to the dense forest and abundant rainfall in Tianzhu Mountain, the streams in the park flow continuously all the year round with abundant water, clear and pollution-free.

climate

The climate belongs to the transitional climate of north subtropical and warm temperate zone. The annual average temperature is 13.1 ℃, the average temperature in January is 0.4 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 14.5 ℃, the average temperature in July is 25.4 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 39.8 ℃, the accumulated temperature ≥ 10 ℃ is 4143 ℃, the frost free period is 207 days, the average annual precipitation is 709 mm, and the precipitation from July to September accounts for 49.0% of the annual precipitation. It has the characteristics of "four distinct seasons, no severe cold in winter, no severe heat in summer, warm and windy in spring, humid and rainy in autumn".

Scenic resources

Forest resources

The forest vegetation of Tianzhu Mountain Forest Park belongs to the mountain subtropical coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest belt. According to the appearance, species composition, community composition, community structure and environmental characteristics of plant community, the vegetation of forest park can be divided into three types: coniferous forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest. The vegetation of forest park shows obvious vertical band spectrum from low to high

(1) The deciduous broad-leaved forest belt with evergreen broad-leaved trees is distributed in the valley area with an altitude of 700 meters. It not only grows the plants in the north and middle subtropics, but also grows the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the south. The main tree species are tung oil tree, black cypress, Camellia oleifera, Osmanthus fragrans, Ginkgo biloba, banana, loquat, citrus, grapefruit, palm, tea tree, camphor, etc., as well as Chinese fir forest and bamboo forest. There are Wutong, Paulownia, Liquidambar formosana, Toona sinensis, Quercus variabilis and mulberry trees in deciduous broadleaf trees. Privet, Holly and other shrubs can grow into small trees.

(2) Quercus variabilis forest belt The main constructive species are Quercus variabilis and Pinus tabulaeformis. The other deciduous broad-leaved trees are poplar, willow, elm, Sophora japonica, Catalpa bungei, mulberry, persimmon, chestnut, Paulownia, Gleditsia sinensis, Toona sinensis, Pistacia chinensis, Ligustrum lucidum, Fraxinus, etc. the shrubs and herbs in the forest are mainly Rhus chinensis, lespedeza, wild cotton, Artemisia, bupleurum, Polygala, Coriaria, Pueraria, kiwifruit, etc Star anise, etc. Pinus tabulaeformis is quite common, often forming mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus.

(3) Pinus armandii and Quercus acuteserrata forest belts are mainly distributed in the deep mountain areas with an altitude of 1500-2000 meters. The dominant species are Pinus tabulaeformis, Quercus Quercus and Populus davidiana. The other arbors are Pinus bungeana, Tilia amurensis, lacquer tree, Acer truncatum and Huaxiang tree. The undergrowth shrubs and herbs are Dendrocalamus spp., Forsythia suspensa, tiller, bupleurum, wild chrysanthemum, asparagus, etc. day

Chinese PinYin : Tian Zhu Shan Guo Jia Sen Lin Gong Yuan