Jiangnushi site

Jiangnushi site

Jiangnushi site is a palace site from Qin Dynasty to the early Western Han Dynasty. It is located at zhiluowan seashore, Wanjia Town, Suizhong County, Huludao City, Liaoning Province, 15 kilometers west of Shanhaiguan

The central axis of the jiangnushi site is opposite to the three reefs in the sea, which are called jiangnushi (also known as "jiangnushen")

It covers an area of about 150000 square meters

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A large number of tiles, bricks, well rings, column bases, drainage pipes and other building components were unearthed from the jiangnushi site

There are Kui patterned big tiles, deformed Kui patterned half tiles and huge hollow bricks, and multistage buildings on high platforms and rammed foundations on underground slabs are found

. Jiangnushi site is a precious historical and cultural heritage in Suizhong, which is of great significance to carry forward Suizhong's historical culture and archaeological culture

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On January 13, 1988, the jiangnushi site was announced as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

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Historical evolution

In the 32nd year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (215 BC), he sent people to the sea to seek immortality, and visited Jieshi (jiangnushi) on the coast of the Bohai Sea

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In April 1982, when the Huludao cultural relics survey team conducted a cultural relics survey, the jiangnushi site was found

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In 1984, Liaoning Provincial Department of culture and Liaoning Provincial Museum jointly explored and excavated the jiangnushi site

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From 1993 to 1995, archaeologists excavated the jiangnushi site, covering a total area of more than 6000 square meters

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From 2013 to 2015, the underwater cultural heritage protection center of the State Administration of cultural relics and Liaoning Provincial Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology jointly conducted an underwater archaeological survey of the jiangnushi site, and an underwater artificial building was found in the sea area of the jiangnushi site

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Site features

Construction scale

The jiangnushi site is 4 kilometers long from north to South and 3.5 kilometers long from east to west along the coast. It is 400 meters away from jiangnushi in the South Sea, including six large palace sites, which are distributed in shibeidi, Heishantou, wazidi, jinsitun, HONGSHILAZI and zhoujiananshan

It covers an area of about 150000 square meters

. The underwater man-made building in the sea area of jiangnushi site is a platform made of granite

It is about 60 meters long from east to west and 60 meters wide from north to south. The building is quadrilateral. Some stones have been processed and repaired, and there are traces of manual intervention. The stones show regular trend and distribution in a large range

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architectural composition

The jiangnushi site mainly consists of three Qin and Han Dynasty palace building sites, namely, shibeidi, zhiluowan and Heishantou. Each of the three buildings corresponds to a sea erosion pillar in the South Sea, and they are jiangnushi, HONGSHILAZI and Longmen reef in turn

. The jiangnushi site uses the coastal natural landscape, facing the Bohai Sea in front, with a towering Jieshi in the sea; behind the Yanshan mountain, there is a great wall on the mountain, with the stone tablet land (Jieshi Palace) as the main building, zhiluowan and Heishantou as the left and right wings, with the architectural pattern of "one palace and two palaces"

It is lined with many ancillary buildings, such as wazidi, Zhoujia, jinsitun, and so on. There are palace walls around it. Facing the Jieshi (gate) in the sea, it forms a complete and spectacular architectural group. In the center of the south end is a multistage rammed earth platform, 8 meters high. The platform base is located in the north, facing the sea in the south. There are rammed earth building sites on the East and west sides and on the back. The large rammed earth platform and dense architectural sites of the stele site face the jiangnushi in the sea. The largest one is 24 meters above the sea. Its foundation is irregular rectangular, 11 meters long from north to South and 8 meters wide from east to west. It is black. On the north side of the sea floor of this sea erosion pillar, there are some large white river light stones. These river light stones are not found in the nearby sea area, and may be placed intentionally by the ancients

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Cultural relics

overview

A large number of tiles, bricks, well rings, column bases, drainage pipes and other building components were unearthed from the jiangnushi site, including Kui patterned large tiles, deformed Kui patterned half tiles and giant hollow bricks. Multistage buildings on high platforms and underground rammed foundations were found

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Plate tile

In the Qin Dynasty, the tile body was mainly bluish gray, with hard texture, high temperature, a small amount of fine sand, and the color was consistent with the appearance. A small amount is yellowish brown with low hardness and fine sand. The shape of the tile is basically the same, the plane is near trapezoid, the front end is wide and thick, the back end is narrow and thin, and the section is arc. Some of the two ports are flush, others are slightly extravagant. The large ones are 70-72 cm in length, 45-50 cm in width and 1.5-2 cm in thickness, which are rectangular tiles; the medium ones are 60-68 cm in length, 40-55 cm in width and 2 cm in thickness, which are nearly rectangular tiles; the small ones are 55 cm in length, 45-50 cm in width and 1.5 cm in thickness, which are nearly square tiles. The vast majority of tiles have grain on both sides, only a few of the reverse side (groove surface) is plain. Patterns are mainly composed of straight, oblique thick, rope patterns and pockmarked, rhombic and other patterns.

In Han Dynasty, the tile body was mainly light gray and yellowish brown, and the proportion of the two was equal. The pottery is loose and has low temperature. The tile body is curved. The larger one is 60 cm long, the width is unknown, and the tire thickness is generally about 1 cm. The front of the tile is decorated with straight, oblique thick and thin rope patterns, and the combination is slightly the same as that of the plate tile of Qin Dynasty; the back is mainly decorated with rhombic pattern and square pattern, with a small amount of rope pattern and plain surface

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Tube tile

In the Qin Dynasty, the quality and color of the pottery are the same as those of the same period. The length of buckle tail is generally 5cm-6cm, and the shape is straight, introverted and slightly warped. Most of the front end of the tube tile is straight, with a small amount of opening edge slightly outside; some parts gradually become thinner from the body near the front end to the opening edge, and some have a sudden thinning ridge. In some cases, there is a nail hole in the middle of the front end of the tile body, about 1cm in diameter. There are two kinds of specifications of the tube tiles, one is 70 cm long, 19 cm wide and 1 cm-1.5 cm thick, with a small number; the other is 55 cm-62 cm long, 17 cm-20 cm wide and 1 cm-1.6 cm thick, with the vast majority of them. There are many decorative patterns on the front and back of the tile body, only a few of which are plain on the front and back, and there are also decorative patterns on the tail of some specimens. The decorative patterns are composed of straight, oblique, thick and thin rope patterns, pockmarked and cloth patterns.

The pottery quality and color of the Han Dynasty tube tile are the same as those of the Han Dynasty plate tile. The shape of the buckle tail can be divided into straight, slightly warped and introverted, of which the most are introverted. The tile is about 16 cm wide, 1.5 cm thick and 2.5 cm long. The pattern combination of tile body is relatively simple, the front is decorated with rope pattern and convex rib pattern, the back is mainly cloth pattern, only a few are plain. In the process, it is still connected by mud strips, but it is used for both internal and external cutting, and the cutting depth is about half of the tire thickness. There are also tree pattern tiles. Among the Qin Dynasty tiles unearthed from the shibeidi site, more than 80% of them are round tiles and half tiles with cirrus pattern. According to its face side wheel shape, this kind of tile can be divided into three kinds. The side wheel of high side wheel tile is protruding, higher than the secondary coil and moire line. The side wheel of high side wheel and high secondary coil type tile is flush with the secondary coil, which is higher than the moire line. The side wheel, secondary coil and moire line of low side wheel type tile are flush

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Tile

The pottery quality, color and fire of Qin Dynasty tile are the same as those of Qin Dynasty tile. According to the shape of pawn head, it can be divided into three types: large semicircle, semicircle and circle. It is 67.6 cm in length, 50.5 cm in width, 38.5-39 cm in height, 51.8 cm in diameter, 45-46 cm in width and 1.5-2.5 cm in thickness. The diameter of the half tile is generally 20 cm and the height is about 10 cm. The diameter of the round tile is 17 CM-22 cm. Eight kinds of patterns have been found on the face of the tiles. The high relief Kui dragon pattern can be seen in large semicircular tiles, with a small number. Gabe cirrus is widely used in round tile and half tile. Variable Kui pattern is only seen in half tile, a small number. Three ring cirrus pattern is only seen in the round tile, the number is small. No mastoid deformation, moire only seen in the round tile, the number is small. Cirrus and heart-shaped rhombic pattern are only found in round tiles, and the number is small. There are also tree pattern tiles. Among the Qin Dynasty tiles unearthed from the shibeidi site, more than 80% of them are round tiles and half tiles with cirrus pattern.

Han Dynasty tiles, the number of Han Dynasty tiles unearthed from the shibeidi site is small. They are all round tiles with a face-to-face diameter of 18 cm-21 cm. The method of making tile is similar to that of Qin Dynasty. According to its shape changes, it can be divided into two types. The secondary coil of high side wheel type can be divided into single coil and double coil with mastoid in the center. In the outer ring, there are single or double lines dividing the face into four squares. In the four squares, there are the words "long live forever", all in Yangwen, and the font is between Zhuan and Li. Some characters are arranged from right to left and from top to bottom. Some are arranged from right to left, from top to bottom, and filled with variant moire in the left and right space of the font. There is no central mastoid. There is a double line grid in the auxiliary coil, which divides the face to face into four grids. The four grids have the words "long live forever", which is the Yangwen in seal style. The text is arranged from top to bottom and from right to left

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Research value

Jiangnushi site is one of the three major projects in Qin Dynasty

It is a precious historical and cultural heritage of Suizhong, which is of great significance to carry forward Suizhong's historical culture and archaeological culture

. The "eternal tile" unearthed from the jiangnushi site is a special building component for the royal family of the Qin Dynasty,

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Nv Shi Yi Zhi