the Great Hall of the People

The Great Hall of the people is located on the west side of Tiananmen Square and the south side of West Chang'an Street in the center of Beijing. The Great Hall of the people is the meeting place of the National People's Congress and the office of the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee. It is an important place for the party, state and people's organizations to hold political activities, as well as a place for Chinese state leaders and people to hold political, diplomatic and cultural activities. The Great Hall of the people is 336 meters long from north to south, 206 meters wide from east to west and 46.5 meters high. It covers an area of 150000 square meters and a building area of 171800 square meters. It's bigger than the whole building area of the Forbidden City. The annual National People's Congress, the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and the Five-year National Congress of the Communist Party of China are also held here.

the Great Hall of the People

The Great Hall of the people of the central government of the people's Republic of China is located on the west side of Tiananmen Square and the south side of West Chang'an Street in Beijing, China. The Great Hall of the people is 336 meters long from north to south, 206 meters wide from east to west and 46.5 meters high. It covers an area of 150000 square meters and a building area of 171800 square meters.

The Great Hall of the people is the meeting place of the National People's Congress and the office of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. It is an important place for the party, the state and people's organizations to hold political activities. It is also a place for Chinese party and state leaders and the people to hold political, diplomatic and cultural activities. The annual National People's Congress, the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and the Five-year National Congress of the Communist Party of China are also held here.

Evolution of construction

historical background

In 1956, China completed its first five-year plan ahead of schedule. The living standard of the people has been greatly improved, especially the mental outlook of the people of the whole country has undergone profound changes. The Communist Party of China has a high prestige in the eyes of the people of all ethnic groups, and the broad masses of the people are eager to hear the voice of the Party Central Committee directly. Therefore, since 1956, it has been planned to build a large auditorium in Beijing for the meeting of the Party Central Committee.

In July 1958, the Beijing Municipal Planning Bureau went to Moscow for a special inspection, preparing to build an auditorium that can accommodate 10000 people. In August, the CPC Central Committee issued an instruction to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the founding of the people's Republic of China. In order to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the CPC Central Committee planned to build a number of major construction projects in Beijing, including the hall of ten thousand people's Congress, including the revolutionary museum, the history museum, the national theater, the Military Museum, the science and Technology Museum, the art exhibition hall, the national culture palace, and the agricultural exhibition hall. These major buildings must be put into use on the national day of 1959. As a result, the battle to build the hall of ten thousand people's Congress began.

On September 8, 1958, Wan Li, Secretary of the CPC Beijing Municipal Committee and vice mayor of Beijing, made a mobilization report to experts from design and construction units in Beijing at the central cinema. He pointed out that the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee made a decision to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the founding of the people's Republic of China on a large scale in 1959 and show China's achievements in all aspects. At that time, foreign guests and overseas Chinese will be invited to participate in the National Day activities. It is necessary to build the Great Hall of ten thousand people, the grand banquet hall of 5000 people and the hotel where they live. These projects should be less and more refined, practical and beautiful; they should not only guarantee quality, but also pay attention to art, and have national style and characteristics. At the same time, Wanli also made clear instructions for several other major construction projects.

Plan brewing

In September 1958, according to the instructions of the central government, an invitation letter was sent to architectural experts from all over the country to study related work in Beijing. As the leaders of all provinces, cities and autonomous regions attached great importance to the invitation, the invited architectural experts from all over the country arrived on the evening of September 10. After arriving in Beijing, the authorities immediately asked the experts to come up with the first draft of the plan within five days. On September 15, the first draft was completed as scheduled. By September 20, the expert group had carried out the design of the third draft. In the face of such rapid progress, Liu Ren, Zheng Tianxiang, Wan Li and other experts are required to broaden their thinking, emancipate their minds and not stick to one pattern.

Many architectural experts have done a lot of architectural design work after liberation, but they have never designed such a grand and high-quality building. Therefore, most of the schemes proposed in the third draft are still old-fashioned. At the same time, because it is not easy for old experts to give each other opinions, the design scheme has not made much progress. Because the plan can not be determined, all work can not be carried out normally, and the leaders of all aspects are very anxious about it.

When Zhou Enlai learned of this situation, he specially instructed the expert group to further emancipate the mind, mobilize the masses extensively, and let some outstanding young experts participate in the scheme design. According to Zhou Enlai's instructions, there are more and more young people in the expert group. Because of the emancipation of young people's minds and the lack of old rules, they can promote each other, learn from each other's strong points and improve together with old experts.

After repeated studies by new and old experts, the expert group has great disputes on the following five issues: first, whether the foundation of the great hall is in front of the Zhengyang gate in front of Tiananmen Square, or on the west side of Tiananmen Square; second, whether the height of the great hall can exceed Tiananmen gate; third, whether the distance between the great hall and the revolutionary history museum is 350 meters, 400 meters, or 500 meters; fourth, whether the great hall should be built Five is whether there are two buildings or four on the left and right of the monument.

After the final study and discussion, the Beijing Municipal Party committee, on the basis of the four drafts, made the following decisions on the issues raised by the expert group: first, the location of the great hall is on the west side of the square, including banquet hall, conference room and other auxiliary facilities; second, the height of the great hall can exceed Tiananmen Square, but attention should be paid to coordination; third, the distance between the great hall and the revolutionary history museum is 500 meters; fourth, the monument is around Five is to give full play to everyone's creativity in form. The decision was finally submitted to the premier for examination and approval.

According to the instructions of the municipal Party committee, the expert group immediately came up with the fifth draft plan. The higher authorities answered three questions raised by the expert group: "is the center of the main entrance of the Great Hall facing the center of the monument?", "is the banquet hall located in the South or north of the great hall?" "is the Great Hall completely symmetrical with the revolutionary history museum?" "the center of the main entrance of the great hall should not face the monument, and other questions can be further studied by architectural experts." Since then, the expert group produced the sixth draft on October 4, 1958.

On October 6, 1958, the national day project design headquarters sent the sixth draft plan of the great hall, the Revolutionary History Museum and the national theater to the Zhongnanhai prime minister's office for Zhou Enlai to examine and approve the plan. After listening to the report, Zhou Enlai carefully looked at the various plans, then pointed to the plan of Beijing Architectural Design Institute and said in a deliberative tone: "is this plan better for the great hall?" At the same time, he pointed to a plan with a large roof and said, "this can be used as an architectural form of an art museum." Then he added: "the revolutionary history museum can be basically symmetrical with the great hall, but the building area should be smaller, making one real and one virtual." As for the internal form of the Great Hall of ten thousand people, the design scheme has the shapes of circle, square, hexagon, fan and ellipse. Zhou Enlai looked at it for a while and said, "if we want to see and hear the Great Hall well, can we use this form?" Then he drew an approximate horseshoe shape on the paper with a pen, and added, "do you think it's better to study it?"

After returning from Zhongnanhai, according to Zhou Enlai's instructions, the expert group made the seventh draft plan. On October 9, 1958, when the seventh draft was submitted to the Prime Minister for approval, eight of the seven draft were selected and photographed, and further comments were sought from 27 provinces and some big cities.

After the discussion of the first seven drafts, the expert group made a total of 84 plans and 189 stereograms. After that, Tsinghua University, Beijing Architectural Design Institute and Beijing Municipal Planning Bureau were invited to organize a small number of experienced architects to make a comprehensive plan on the basis of the eight plans sent to the whole country, so as to finally submit them to the premier for examination and approval. So far, foreign experts who came to Beijing to participate in the national day project design have left Beijing one after another. On October 14, 1958, Zhou Enlai reviewed the three plans submitted by the expert group and designed by Tsinghua University, Beijing Architectural Design Institute and Beijing Municipal Planning Bureau. He first looked at the plans and stereograms of the three plans in detail. At the same time, he repeatedly looked at the design plans of the Planning Bureau, from far to near and from near to far. He repeatedly solicited the opinions of the comrades present, and finally decided to adopt the design plan of the Beijing Municipal Planning Bureau.

Design History

The design of ten thousand people auditorium was directly inspired by Premier Zhou Enlai. The super large indoor space with a clear height of 33 meters in the 10000 people auditorium will give people a strong sense of distance. Premier Zhou Enlai, inspired by the idea of "sunset and solitary flocks flying together, autumn water growing in the same color of the sky", thinks that people standing on the ground don't feel how high the sky is, and they don't feel how far the water is when they stand on the beach. He proposes that the intersection of the dome shaped ceiling and the wall body should be connected with an arc-shaped surface, without edges, so as to dilute the stiff and huge impression of the general length, width and height.

During the construction of the great hall, there was a well-known story of "moving the colonnade". After the pouring of the porch columns at the main entrance of the great hall, the column spacing of the three bays in the middle is 9 meters, and that of the rest is 7 meters. Some people suggest that this is not in line with the regulation of narrowing the open space, secondary space and tip space step by step in traditional buildings. Beijing Jianyuan at that time

Chinese PinYin : Ren Min Da Hui Tang