Wanghu wetland

Hubei Wanghu wetland Provincial Nature Reserve

synonym

Wanghu wetland generally refers to Hubei Wanghu wetland provincial nature reserve

Hubei Wanghu wetland Provincial Nature Reserve is located in the South Bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the triangle of the Yangtze River and rich water, in Yangxin County, Huangshi City, Hubei Province. It is located between 115 ° 14 ′ 00 ″ to 115 ° 25 ′ 42 ″ E and 29 ° 45 ′ 11 ″ to 29 ° 56 ′ 38 ″ n. The net Lake Wetland Nature Reserve mainly protects the net Lake wetland ecosystem, with a total area of 20495hm2.

On August 21, 2006, Wanghu wetland was upgraded to a provincial nature reserve with the approval of Hubei Provincial People's government.

On January 31, 2018, Wanghu Wetland Nature Reserve was listed in the list of international important wetlands.

Historical evolution

In 1999, Wanghu wetland was listed in "China wetland protection action plan", which is an important wetland in Central China.

On June 25, 2001, the people's Government of Yangxin County approved the establishment of Wanghu Wetland Nature Reserve at the county level.

On March 13, 2004, the general office of Huangshi Municipal People's Government approved the upgrading to a municipal nature reserve.

On August 8, 2004, Huangshi Municipal People's Government approved the establishment of Huangshi Wanghu Wetland Nature Reserve Administration.

On August 21, 2006, the people's Government of Hubei Province approved the upgrading of Wanghu wetland into a provincial nature reserve.

Location area

Hubei Wanghu wetland Provincial Nature Reserve is located in the South Bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, where the Yangtze River and rich water meet. Located in Yangxin County, Huangshi City, Hubei Province, it is 115 km east From ° 14 ′ 00 ″ to 115 ° 25 ′ 42 ″ and 29 ° 45 ′ 11 ″ to 29 ° 56 ′ 38 ″ north latitude, Fuchi town is adjacent to the Yangtze River in the East, facing Wuxue City across the river; Fenglin town and Mugang town are adjacent to Ruichang County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province in the South; Xingguo town is adjacent to the urban area of the county in the West; comprehensive management area, taogang town and banbishan management area are adjacent to the north. The total area is 20495hm2.

Protected objects

Wanghu Wetland Nature Reserve mainly protects Wanghu wetland ecosystem; rare and endangered wildlife resources and their habitats, especially the habitats of 29 national second-class protected birds and wild geese, including Oriental White Stork, black stork and white crane, such as Swan, white geese, harrier and grey crane; the habitats of winter and summer migratory birds and Chinese silk mussel However, there is no breeding area.

natural condition

hydrology

lake

Wanggang lake, yangsai lake and Xinhu Lake are scattered in the East, Jiajie lake, Dapo lake, Xiaopo lake, Shenling lake, wujiashai lake, Xiayang lake, Xiaosai lake, Ronghu lake, niuhu lake, Xiaxi lake, Zhongxi lake and zhujiayi lake are distributed in the south, saiqiao lake and Daoshi lake are distributed in the Northwest Lake and Xiasi lake, close to LiangJian lake, North Bishan lake. In the west of the buffer zone, there are Hongxing pond and Dongfeng pond. There are many intensive fish ponds in Baota lake and Shili lake, and there are other lakes outside the zone.

river system

According to the natural water distribution, the Reserve belongs to the Fuhe River system and directly bears the water from the surrounding rivers. There are four major rivers, namely Fuhe River, Liangjian River, Zhangqiao River and Qingjiang River.

Rich water: it flows into the Yangtze River from the center of the reserve, originates from the side of sanjiejiantongshan at the junction of Tongshan, Chongyang and Xiushui counties, and converges in Fushui reservoir. It flows into the Yangtze River from Fushui to fuchikou, with a total length of 196 km and a total drop of 613 M. the river is from the embankment to the embankment, with the widest of about 1000 m and the narrowest of about 300 m.

Changleyuan River: Liangjian River enters the nature reserve, with a total length of 38.2km, a drainage area of 293.3km2, and a total length of 15km in the nature reserve From the south foot of Xiping mountain and father son mountain, it flows through Sangong palace, Shijia bridge and Panjia bridge. It enters Liangjian Lake under cypress trees and throat mouth, and then enters saiqiao lake to the East. After water comes from huishengjiazui and Bishan lake, it flows out of saiqiaokou and into Wanghu lake. It also receives water from luzhang, Dazhong mountain and Huangjinshan mountain, and flows south into Wanghu lake and out of Fuhe River.

Zhangqiao River: it originates from dadenao, Ruichang city. After entering yangxinjing, it is called gangang. After flowing through pijiashan, Zhangqiao and gangxialong, it comes from Xiawan of Ruichang City in the north of huangqiaofan, and then flows into Zhupo Lake through xiaopotang and Jiajie lake.

Qingjiang River: also known as lengshuiyuan River, originates in Ruichang City, flows through he yuelang, waicangxia, etc., receives water from Yangliujing and dayanchong, passes through hutianfan and shitianyi, passes through niuhu, enters Ronghu, and enters Fuhe at Longshui.

Net Lake

The net lake has a total area of 7265 hm2 and the net lake system has a total rainfall bearing area of 70000 hm2. It is one of the core areas of the reserve. Every summer, the net lake is supported by the flood of the Yangtze River, the flood of the rich river and the precipitation. Because of the precipitation and the flood of the river, the ditches and rivers in the net Lake area are connected with the lake area into a vast ocean, with an area of 6801.47hm2 (water depth of 6-7m). According to the measurement of Yangxin County hydrological station, the highest water level of the net lake is 22.5m, the lowest water level is 13.2m, the average water level is 15.5m, and the average water depth is 3.51M. In the dry season of autumn, winter and early spring, with the discharge of water from the lake, part of the water surface is about 3800 hm2 (water depth 0.5-3m), accounting for 74% of the lake water area in the normal water period, and the rest of the lake forms a large muddy swamp meadow, forming a shallow lake swamp meadow and hilly wetland ecosystem. The net lake has a rainfall bearing area of 35000 hm2 and a lake capacity of 273 million cubic meters, accounting for 10% of the total surface water resources of the main water systems in Yangxin County (2300 million cubic meters), excluding the annual transit passenger water volume of 16000 million cubic meters.

There are many lakes in the Fuhe River system. The existing net lake and Zhupo lake on both sides of the spillway have not been reclaimed into farmland and are still perennial lakes. In the early days of the people's Republic of China, when the water level of the net lake was 21.5m, the lake connected more than 100 lakes, such as Wuli Lake, Shili lake, Yangmu lake and Baisha lake, with a total area of more than 400 km2, a corresponding volume of 500 million cubic meters and a bottom elevation of 7.3m; when the water level of Zhupo lake was 20m, the lake area was 18km2 and the bottom elevation was 12.3m; when the water level of saiqiao lake was 21m, the lake area was 3.3km2. In the 1980s, it remained almost the same as in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. According to the survey and statistics in 2001, in dry season, when the water level is 15m, the water depth is 0.7m and the lake area is 4.3km2; in wet season, when the water level is 24m, the water depth is 7m and the lake area is 20km2; in normal season, when the water level is 22m, the water depth is 3M and the lake area is 12.15km2. In dry season, when the water level is 15m, the water depth is 1m, and the lake area is 4.3km2; in wet season, when the water level is 24m, the water depth is 5m, and the lake area is 15.3km2; in normal season, when the water level is 23m, the water depth is 2m, and the lake area is 3.3km2. In dry season, when the water level is 20m, the water depth is 1m and the lake area is 1.7km2; in wet season, when the water level is 24m, the water depth is 5M and the lake area is 3km2; in normal season, when the water level is 22m, the water depth is 3M and the Lake area is 1km2.

Water Quality

Generally speaking, the physical and chemical properties of the lake water are basically consistent with that of the natural state. The water quality of the lake is good, with transparency of 1.3m, pH value of 6.3-6.8, conductivity fluctuation of 220-309 μ s / cm, dissolved oxygen variation of 7.2-12.3mg/1, average of 9.27 mg / L, chemical oxygen consumption of 7.50 mg / L, salinity of 146-240.67 mg / L, average of 189.52 mg / L.

Geology and geomorphology

Hubei Wanghu wetland Provincial Nature Reserve is located in the transition zone from Mufu mountains to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain. It is the confluence area of Fuhe River and the Yangtze River. It is mainly composed of Wanghu lake, Zhupo lake, Baota lake, Ronghu lake, saiqiao lake, LiangJian lake, shihuisai Lake, Xiayang lake and other lakes. Geomorphologically, it belongs to the permanent inland fresh water lake formed by mud and sand deposition, which is composed of river and lake sediments. It is formed by geological movement, mud and sand deposition and dike reconstruction. The lake bottom elevation is 7.3m. Before the liberation of China, during the flooding season, the lake surface was more than 100 li. In autumn and winter, the water level dropped and each lake began to divide. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, due to the construction of dikes and dams in the floodplain, the lakes formed closed water bodies, and the land and water area was relatively stable. Wang lake, Zhupo lake and Rong lake are closely connected, separated by a river bank. The lake water flows into the Yangtze River through Fu River.

In the south of Wanghu lake, there are low mountains with calcareous structure, distributed along the lake bank, with the highest altitude of 439.5m. The geological stratum is formed in Cambrian of Ordovician, belonging to Baota formation. It is light gray, medium thick layer of turtle crack limestone and argillaceous limestone, or interbedded with bioclastic limestone. In the north of the net lake, there are sandy shale, conglomerate and Quaternary red soil. The hills and hills formed by mountain erosion and accumulation are arranged alternately by long strip soil hills and gullies with different widths. They incline to the center of the lake in a dendritic shape, forming a headland Bay shaped lakeshore with the highest elevation of 355

Chinese PinYin : Wang Hu Shi Di