Dong Zhiyuan

Dong Zhiyuan

Dong Zhiyuan, geographically known as "Dong Zhiyuan". It is a part of the Loess Plateau and Longdong plateau. It is the largest plain in Qingyang City, and also the largest plain in the Loess Plateau, known as the first loess plain in the world. There are 24 villages and towns in Xifeng District, Ningxian County, Heshui county and Qingcheng County, with a population of about 500000. It is one of the birthplaces of the Han nationality. In the pre Zhou period, Gongliu, the ancestor of Zhou, taught the people to farm here. Dong Zhiyuan is the main agricultural area of Qingyang City, rich in wheat, corn, sorghum, millet, beans and oil, known as the "granary of Longdong". In ancient times, it was said that "eight hundred Li Qinchuan is not as good as Dong Zhiyuan's edge".

Xifeng District, the hinterland of Dong Zhiyuan, is the seat of the party, government and military organs of Qingyang City and the center of politics, economy, culture and transportation.

The origin of the name

Dong Zhiyuan was called "chendi" in ancient times, and the book of songs in "poetry · CHENFENG · July" describes the hard work life of Zhou people in chendi. Zhougong, the son of King Wen of Zhou, compiled Zhouli on the basis of the precepts of his ancestors, and Confucius founded the Confucian school on the basis of Zhouli. Therefore, Dong Zhiyuan should be the source of Chinese civilization. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, Dong Zhiyuan was known as "Dayuan" (seen in the book of songs). At the same time, he was often called PENGYUAN (because of the Legendary God Pengzu in the Yin and Shang Dynasties). Pengzu, surnamed Peng and named Qian Keng, once lived in Pengzu city PENGYUAN town PENGYUAN Village). In Tang, song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the common people were also known as anhuayuan (because Qingyang County was called Anhua County at that time). It was not until the uprising of Northwest Hui people in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty that Zuo Zongtang asked the Qing court to set up Dongzhi sub county that people changed anhuayuan to Dongzhi yuan. And each part of it had different names, such as Datong yuan and wa Xieyuan in Ningxian county. The unified concept of "Dong Zhiyuan" was put forward after the founding of the people's Republic of China.

Location context

Dong Zhiyuan is the largest plain in Qingyang City (formerly Qingyang area) and the largest plain in the Loess Plateau. It is located in the south of Qingcheng County, the whole of Xifeng District, the west of Ningxian county and Heshui county. It is located in the north of Jing River, between Malian River and Puhe River. The original area is 910 square kilometers, accounting for 3.3% of the total area of Qingyang City, and 45% of the total area of 12 Dayuan. The former Qingyang County (including Qingcheng county and Xifeng District) has 686.46 square kilometers, Ningxian County 188 square kilometers and Heshui 35.54 square kilometers. The total area of cultivated land in the original district is 914700 mu, including 654000 mu in Qingyang County, 220300 mu in Ningxian county and 40400 mu in Heshui county. It starts from beiyuantou, Yima Town, Qingyang County in the north, ends at nanyuanzui, changqingqiao Town, Ningxian County in the south, ends at hejiapan Township, Heshui County in the East, ends at xiyuanmao, Xiaojin town in the west, with the longest distance from north to south of 110 km and the widest distance from East to west of 50 km.

geographical environment

Geological characteristics

Dong Zhiyuan, located in the southwest of Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia basin (Ordos basin), belongs to the Yishan shield land in the east of Qilu Helan Mountain type structural system, and is one of the large inland basins controlled by the third subsidence zone of Xinhua Xia system in China. The rudiment of the basin was formed from the middle Late Permian to the Early Triassic. From Middle Triassic to early Cretaceous, it was the development stage of large inland depression basin. The crust movement was dominated by subsidence, forming a large fern like depression, namely Tongchuan Qingyang depression. At the end of Triassic, the depression rose sharply and uplifted, and the Triassic large-scale basin disintegrated. The Yanshan movement disintegrated the Jurassic basin, and the east part of the basin rose to form a slope, while the west part of the basin formed a large north-south depression one day ring syncline along the line from Tianchi to Huanxian in Ningxia. The lower Cretaceous copper deposit is 1000 meters thick.

Geomorphological features

Dong Zhiyuan is located in the north central part of the Loess Plateau in the east of Gansu Province. The surrounding area of the original area is eroded by gullies, showing zigzag or dendritic shape, forming remnant plains and gullies. The geomorphic unit is the original Eroded Landform of the Loess Plateau in the east of Gansu Province.

Dong Zhiyuan, from the altitude point of view, presents a slightly higher terrain pattern in the middle and lower in the north and South: 1400 meters above sea level near Xifeng District in the hinterland, 1300 meters above sea level around Yima town in the north, and only 1200 meters above sea level around Hesheng town in the South.

With Dongzhi and PENGYUAN as the center, the original surface is relatively complete. The loess layer is 150 to 200 meters thick, covering an area of 1573 square kilometers, accounting for 42.9% of the total area of the county. Due to long-term wind and rain erosion, river cutting, forming the original high valley deep, vertical and horizontal gullies, distributed in different sizes of the original, Liang, Mao, Yao Xian and Ping, Sichuan and other multi-level terraced landforms, the original edge of the canine shaped valley. The altitude ranges from 1200 to 1500 meters.

To the south of the three differences, it belongs to Ningxian county. In the territory of yuanmianxi, it was named after Hesheng, a big town in the original district, and was named dachangyuan in ancient times. The original surface is flat and wide, 40 km long from north to south, 5-20 km wide from east to west, with a total area of 188 square kilometers, of which the cultivated land area is more than 163000 mu, mainly composed of Heilong soil and Huangmian soil. It is one of the main grain producing areas in Ningxian county.

At the southernmost end, it is a cone-shaped original head - wa Xie Yuan. Waxieyuan, in the name of village, is located 7 kilometers northwest of Ningxian city. It is xiaoyuantou of Dong Zhiyuan stretching southeast. Malianchuan is in the northeast, and coral river is in the southwest. It is adjacent to the confluence of two rivers in the southeast. It is high in the northwest and low in the Southeast. It is cone-shaped, 10 kilometers long in the north and south, 2 kilometers wide in the middle, with a total area of 22 square kilometers.

The main soil type in Dongzhiyuan district is black loessial soil. The average content of organic matter is 0.99%, the average content of total nitrogen is 0.062%, the average content of available phosphorus is 6.54ppm, and the pH value is 8.4.

Climatic characteristics

Dongzhiyuan area is a continental semi-arid climate with the dual characteristics of monsoon and loess plateau climate. In spring, there are many droughts and cold waves; in summer and autumn, it is hot and short, and there are many precipitation, but the distribution is uneven, sometimes there are summer droughts, rainstorms and hail disasters; in autumn, it cools down rapidly, humid and rainy; in winter, it is cold and long, and rainfall is rare. In winter, there is more northwest wind and in summer, there is more southeast wind. Annual average temperature 8.8 annual extreme maximum temperature 39.6 annual extreme minimum temperature - 22.6 annual average frost free period 151.4 D annual precipitation 555.3 m annual evaporation 3477.02 m annual sunshine hours 2464.84 h annual maximum frozen soil depth 83 cm annual total radiation 131.11 kcal / cm.

There is a slight difference in annual rainfall between the north and the south, 500-550 mm in Yima town in the north and 550-600 mm in Hesheng town in the south.

socioeconomic

Evolution of political power

Dong Zhiyuan was inhabited by human beings 100000 years ago. In the spring and Autumn period, it was the state of Yiqu. Duke mu of Qin conquered the twelve states and ruled Xirong. He once met Dong Zhiyuan, the leader of the Rong nationality in the northwest. Hence the name of qinbaling in the southern suburb of Xifeng. Qin Shihuang visited the north and rebuilt the ancient road of "Xiaoguan" (also known as Huizhong ancient road), then entered Xiaoguan of Huan county through Dong Zhiyuan.

In the Han Dynasty, Dong Zhiyuan once set up Pengyang County, which was originally called "pengchi county". PENGYUAN county (PENGYUAN township of Xifeng City) was established in Tang Dynasty. Suzong fled to the North during the an Shi rebellion, where he once conspired with Li Guangbi and Guo Ziyi to fight against the Tang Dynasty.

In the first year of Tang Dynasty (705 AD), Anhua County was set up, and Dong Zhiyuan was once called Anhua County. He was called Dong Zhiyuan in Qing Dynasty. In 1873, the government of Dongzhi Township dealt with Dongzhi County.

By the beginning of the 21st century, the original district had Yima Town, Chicheng Township and xiongjiamiao street in Qingcheng County; and all Xifeng District: Shishe Township, Xiansheng Township, Dongzhi Town, Chenhu Township, Xiaojin Town, Wenquan Town, houguanzhai town and PENGYUAN town; three streets (North Street, West Street and South Street); Jiaocun township (bingaoma township), Hesheng Township, Taichang Township, Xinzhuang Town, Xinhua Township and wayuan township) in Ningxian county Xie township; hejiapan town and Dingxiang township of Heshui County, a total of 21 townships. It has a population of about 350000, including more than 50000 people in cities and towns.

Xifeng Town, located in the center of Dong Zhiyuan, is the seat of the CPC Qingyang prefectural committee and Qingyang District administrative office. Since ancient times, it has been an important transportation hub and military town between the north and the south, "controlling Xiaoguan" and "leading Qinling Mountains". A highway network extending in all directions has been basically formed, with trunk highways connecting Xi'an, yinjli and Lanzhou, and civil aviation flights connecting Lanzhou and Xi'an. With machinery, electrical, chemical, wool, medicine, food and other industrial enterprises, Qingyang is the political, economic and cultural center.

Yima town in the north of Dong Zhiyuan was a post station in the Tang Dynasty. For the north-south traffic hub, the terrain is dangerous, set up post horse pass. According to historical records, Guo Ziyi of the Tang Dynasty and Xu Da of the Ming Dynasty had stationed troops here.

Xiansheng Township, Xifeng District, in the middle of Dong Zhiyuan, is mainly agricultural, mainly planting winter wheat, corn, millet, rape, flue-cured tobacco, melons, vegetables and other crops, of which flue-cured tobacco and vegetables have become the pillar industries of the township. In 1997, he was awarded the title of "hometown of folk art in Qingyang area".

Dong Zhiyuan, Southeast of Xifeng District, Shishe Township, agricultural township, formed Shishe millet, fruit, melon three characteristic leading industries. Shishe apple and West melon are well received by customers both inside and outside the region, and are known as the pride of Longdong melon. Local industries are mainly engaged in processing of agricultural products and manufacturing of building materials. The main products are bricks and tiles, cement products, aluminum products, iron castings, cartons, food processing, etc.

Xiaojin Town, the hinterland of Dong Zhiyuan, is the throat of the junction of the three counties

Chinese PinYin : Dong Zhi Yuan