Liuzhi Soga Ecological Museum

Suoga Miao Ecological Museum

synonym

Liuzhi Suoga ecological museum generally refers to Suoga Miao ecological museum

Suoga Miao ecological museum is located in Suoga Township, Liuzhi special zone of Liupanshui City and Zhijin County of Guizhou Province, with an altitude of 1400-2200 meters and an area of 120 square kilometers. It has 12 communities (natural villages) with a total population of more than 5000 people, 40 kilometers away from the seat of Liuzhi SAR government. Soga ecological museum is a cultural project jointly signed by General Secretary Jiang Zemin, the head of state of China and Norway, and Harald V. It was completed and opened on October 31, 1998. Soga ecological museum is the first national cultural ecological museum in Asia.

Development history

Ready to build

In order to protect and continue this unique Miao culture, in 1995, after the investigation of Chinese and Norwegian cultural experts, he wrote the feasibility study report on the establishment of China's first ecological museum in Soga Township, Guizhou Province, which was approved by the State Administration of cultural relics and Guizhou provincial government, and officially included in the Sino Norwegian cultural exchange project.

Start preparation

On October 23, 1997, Chinese President Jiang Zemin, King Harald V and queen song Ya of Norway attended the signing ceremony of the agreement on Soga ecological museum in Guizhou Province of China between the China Museum Society and the Norwegian development cooperation agency at the Great Hall of the people in Beijing, and decided to build the first ecological Museum in China.

According to the agreement, according to the concept requirements of the international ecological museum, the construction of the information center of Soga ecological museum was broken in 1997. The Norwegian government provided 880000 Norwegian kroner (equivalent to RMB 800000) free assistance for the project, which was used for the construction of venues and the collection of objects.

Suoga Miao community is a complete ecological museum, and the information center is an information base of the museum, which records and stores the cultural information of the community, such as recording the history of word-of-mouth, storing relevant written materials, objects with special significance, cultural heritage registration list and other heritages in the community, etc., and introducing them to the audience through exhibitions The basic situation of the culture to be visited, and the behavior requirements for the audience are all completed through the comprehensive introduction of audio-visual media.

Officially completed

On October 31, 1998, China's first ecological museum, suoxia ecological museum, officially opened and opened to the public.

Opening to the outside world

The completion and opening of Soga ecological museum has aroused great interest and great attention of the Norwegian government. In order to develop and continue this project, on March 16, 1999, the Norwegian environment minister Gulu fayeran and Zhang Wenbin, director of the State Administration of cultural relics of China, attended the signing ceremony of the letter of intent on cooperation of Guizhou Ecological Museum of China. Subsequently, Norwegian government officials visited Guizhou for many times. On December 9, 1999, the people's Government of Guizhou Province officially approved the establishment of three ecological museums, namely Huaxi Zhenshan, Jinping Longli and Liping Tangan. So far, a group of Guizhou ecological museums including Soga has been formed. On September 5, 2000, vice governor long Chaoyun led a delegation of Guizhou provincial government to attend the signing ceremony of the Sino Norwegian cultural cooperation project, China Guizhou ecological museum group.

In the Dashan group at the junction of Liuzhi special zone and Zhijin County in the middle of Guizhou, there is an ancient and mysterious branch of Miao nationality with less than 5000 people. As one of the 12 natural villages in Suoga Township, Longjia village is quite representative in folk culture.

natural environment

Liuzhi Suoga ecological museum is located in Longjia village, Suoga Township, 42 kilometers north of Liuzhi special district, Northwest Guizhou Province, with an average altitude of 2000 meters. The natural conditions are extremely poor. It is located in high mountains and lacks water. In the neighboring 12 villages, there is an ancient and mysterious branch of the Miao people, the "Qingmiao" branch, also known as the "Changjiaomiao" branch. Qingmiao village is built close to the mountain, with mud walls and thatched cottages. It is primitive and simple. It works at sunrise and stops at sunset. Its folk customs are intact and its national culture is profound. Women spin and weave cloth, draw wax and embroider, and stitch beautiful dresses. Before the establishment of the ecological museum, they lived in extreme poverty, which can be called the living fossil of human life before industrialization.

local customs and practices

legend

According to local legend, in the early Qing Dynasty, after Wu Sangui pacified an Kun, many Miao people attached to an family fled everywhere and hid in this part of "Qingmiao" in the forest at the junction of Zhijin and Langdai. Since the beginning of this century, they have gradually gathered in the area of Suoga, which is nearly 100 kilometers away. In order to frighten and confuse the wild animals in the forest, they have put on strange headdresses, which are first in their hair Tie the horn like board, and then use hemp thread, wool, hair, etc. The "hair" weighs more than 2kg, and its long hair is 3M. Today, this kind of headdress has become the symbol of the Miao people.

Along the road paved with stones, you enter Longjia Miao village. Under the eaves of the roadside, the hemp stalks are dried. The torn hemp filaments are woven horizontally and vertically on an ancient spinning wheel to form thick hemp cloth. With a pair of skillful hands of Miao women and batik fine white cloth, you can sew them into unique Miao clothes. At the age of five or six, the girl of Miao village in Longjia had to learn to embroider. At the age of eight or nine, she began to learn to wax dye. First, she used a flat wax knife to dip in the wax liquid, and drew a familiar pattern on a fine white cloth. Then she put the painted cloth into a vat for dyeing, and then boiled it to remove the wax. A good "cloth" was presented. In front of and behind Longjia's house, there is still a chance to watch Miao women's unique skills today.

Longjia Miao people's three eye music is a kind of whimper. If it is in the quiet night under the bright moon, the low and melancholy melody is like crying, penetrating time and space, an ancient nation can go back to history in a thousand twists and turns! Three eye flute, Kouxian, Muye, suona, Lusheng, Niujiao and so on jointly construct this strange Miao people's emotional catharsis system.

Carving bamboo and tying rope to record events seems to be a lost story, but it is a daily memory in Longjia. When the old man passed away, he used "bamboo stick" to record the gifts and money presented by each village. After the wedding, the principal and the host's family made a public reimbursement. If there was no objection, the bamboo was burned to destroy the rope. The wedding and burial in Longjia is a strange folk picture and a long history.

In the Miao village of Longjia, there are natural leaders like the old man, the leader and the ghost master. They are responsible for internal and external disputes, weddings and funerals, practicing medicine and fortune telling There are no big and small things, and they perform their duties in a clear and orderly way.

festival

Longjia ethnic festivals are characterized by tiaohuapo Festival, tree Festival, mountain Festival and mouseba Festival. On the first dragon day in February of the lunar calendar, the festival is to find a lush forest near the stockade and find the oldest and largest tree as the object of sacrifice. The whole village gathers pigs, chickens and grain. After the ghost master or the family master's incantation, they dig a pit under the ancient tree and bury four or five earthen jars filled with water, which are covered with stone slabs. At the moment, outsiders can't help it Peeping, clansmen, etc. are not allowed to walk around, and women are not allowed to participate. First, sacrifice under the tree, kill the red haired Rooster and ask the ancestors to enjoy it and pray for their blessing. Afterwards, all the men in the village drank a lot, and the tree sacrifice was over. At the beginning of the third month of the lunar calendar, the festival of offering sacrifices to mountains is held on the first dragon day of March. The procedure is just like the festival of offering sacrifices to trees, except that the ghost master or family master has to open the buried water altar to observe the water's shrinkage and surplus, so as to foretell the harvest and the good and bad of that year. According to legend, in ancient times, there was a year when rats were numerous, causing damage to crops. The old people spontaneously killed rats to ensure a good agricultural harvest. From then on, every November of the lunar calendar, the local people celebrate the rat Festival, organizing people to beat mice and offer rich meals to their ancestors.

Due to the lack of contact with the outside world, the original national culture has been preserved so far, so it is favored by the cultural and Museum circles. In 1998, the first ecological museum in China (jointly built by China and Norway) was settled in Suoga. The museum consists of 12 original villages in Suoga and the information center at the foot of Longjia village. Two magnificent horn shaped ornaments protrude from the salty round stone gate of the information center. When you enter the gate and look up, you can see a group of simple folk buildings. The fir structure houses are inlaid with lattice windows. This is the "re edition" of the local folk houses. The thatched roof ridge is thickened and piled high, which is a flavor The information center, which integrates the functions of information collection, cultural relics display and reception, not only introduces the basic situation of the specific culture to be visited, but also tells people the behavior requirements of an audience or tourist, and what they will see and experience. Then they can enter Longjia Miao village along the mountain road

Resident status

The reality is that in addition to these 12 villages, the change in the pattern of residential buildings in other villages is more than 50%, while the change in the pattern of residential buildings in Longjia village reserve is less than 15%. In the surrounding villages, it is difficult to see people in ethnic costumes. In Longjia, we can see not only people in national costumes, but also women with traditional large headgear. Perhaps what we see today is due to the decision made by several bold, determined and forward-looking museologists 12 years ago. Thanks to the insistence and persistence of Longjia villagers, who firmly maintain their own national style, Qingmiao people still live a mysterious and ancient tribal life and rarely connect with the outside world

Chinese PinYin : Liu Zhi Suo Ga Sheng Tai Bo Wu Guan