Baiji conservation farm

Tongling freshwater dolphin National Nature Reserve

synonym

Baiji conservation field generally refers to Tongling freshwater dolphin National Nature Reserve

Tongling freshwater dolphin National Nature Reserve is an inland freshwater wetland type nature reserve mainly composed of beach wetlands. It is located in the suburb of Tongling City, Anhui Province. It was formerly Tongling Baiji Dolphin Conservation farm built in 1993, and was promoted to National Nature Reserve in 2006, with a total area of 31518 square meters It is the first place in the world to use semi natural conditions for ex situ conservation of Baiji, finless porpoise and other wild animals.

Historical evolution

Tongling freshwater dolphin National Nature Reserve was formerly known as Tongling Baiji conservation farm. In 1985, the former State Environmental Protection Bureau decided to establish Tongling Baiji conservation farm to protect Baiji, a first-class protected animal. Tongling Baiji conservation farm project in Anhui Province was officially started at the end of 1987, passed the pre acceptance in 1992, passed the expert evaluation in January 1993, completed all single projects in May 1993, and passed the national formal acceptance in November 1994, with a total investment of 9.4148 million yuan.

On December 22, 2000, the people's Government of Anhui Province approved the establishment of Tongling freshwater dolphin provincial nature reserve. In February 2006, the State Council officially approved Tongling freshwater dolphin Provincial Nature Reserve to be promoted to the National Nature Reserve by No. 9 document issued by the state office.

In June 2003, the former State Environmental Protection Administration approved the establishment of the national environmental protection Yangtze River key aquatic wildlife protection center (hereinafter referred to as the Protection Center) on the basis of Tongling Baiji Dolphin Conservation site in Anhui Province with the document of Huan Han (2003) No. 182. In April 2004, Anhui provincial organization committee issued an official reply to change the name of Anhui Tongling Baiji conservation site to the national (Tongling) key aquatic wildlife protection center for environmental protection of the Yangtze River by Anhui provincial organization committee No.57 document, requiring other organizations to maintain the status quo.

In July 2008, Tongling Tamsui dolphin National Nature Reserve was established with the approval of Tongling Tamsui dolphin National Nature Reserve No. 7, which has one organization and two brands with the protection center

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geographical environment

Regional scope

Tongling freshwater dolphin National Nature Reserve is located in the Yangtze River section of Tongling, Zongyang and Wuwei counties and cities in Anhui Province. It is between 117 ° 39 ′ 30 ″ - 117 ° 55 ′ 25 ″ e longitude and 30 ° 46 ′ 20 ″ - 31 ° 05 ′ 25 ″ N latitude, including the Yangtze River levee (including beaches, Jiangxinzhou and other land) and the estuarine waters and land connected with the Yangtze River. It extends from Laozhou in Zongyang County to jinniudu in Tongling County, with a total length of 58 kilometers and a total area of 31518 hectares, including 9534 hectares of core area, 6360 hectares of buffer area and 15624 hectares of experimental area.

climatic conditions

Tongling belongs to the north subtropical humid monsoon climate, which is characterized by obvious monsoon, four distinct seasons, warm and humid climate throughout the year, abundant rainfall, high humidity, sufficient sunshine, hot and rainy season, and long frost free period.

hydrologic condition

The main surface water in the territory is the Tongling section of the Yangtze River, with a total length of 55 km and a maximum flood level of 16.64 M.

Species resources

plant resources

phytoplankton

The phytoplankton composition in the nature reserve is dominated by bacillariophyta, followed by Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and other species occasionally. The common species are dinoflagellate, dinoflagellate, Curvularia bridgea, navicular algae, and so on. There are more than 80 species of phytoplankton in 7 phyla. Among them, Bacillariophyta accounts for about 50%, Chlorophyta 31%, Cyanophyta 9%, dinoflagellate 5% and Euglenophyta 4%. There are 2 species of Chrysophyta and 2 species of Rhodophyta, accounting for 1.30% of the detected species respectively.

higher plant

According to the survey, there are more than 500 species of vascular plants in more than 90 families in Tongling Tamsui dolphin National Nature Reserve, including more than 10 species of pteridophytes, nearly 10 species of gymnosperms and more than 500 species of angiosperms.

Animal resources

Zooplankton

There are more than 100 species of zooplankton known in Tongling freshwater dolphin National Nature Reserve, accounting for 48.2% of the known zooplankton in Anhui Province and 16.5% of 720 species of zooplankton in inland waters of China.

Zoobenthos

According to the records of Lake records of China, freshwater fish culture of China, compilation of investigation reports on main economic fish resources in the Yangtze River and field investigation in Tongling freshwater dolphin National Nature Reserve, 14 orders and nearly 90 species of benthos were recorded in the river section of the reserve, including mollusks, annelids and arthropods.

fish

According to the records of Ichthyology of China and the field investigation records of Tongling freshwater dolphin National Nature Reserve for many years, there are more than 90 species of fish in the reserve. In terms of taxonomic composition, Cyprinidae is the main species, accounting for 67% of the total fish species in Tongling freshwater dolphin National Nature Reserve.

Amphibians and reptiles

According to the data of annals of amphibians and reptiles in Anhui Province and the field investigation records for many years, there are 12 species of amphibians in the nature reserve, accounting for 31.6% of the total number of amphibians in Anhui Province, and 20 species of reptiles, accounting for 30% of the total number of reptiles in Anhui Province.

birds

According to the field survey records for many years, there are more than 200 kinds of birds in Tongling Tamsui dolphin National Nature Reserve, which belong to 16 orders and 50 families, including 5 species of birds under the first-class national protection and 9 species of birds under the second-class national protection. They are mainly distributed in the river, marshes, reeds, forests, shrubs and farmhouses.

Mammals

According to the local chronicles, published literature and field investigation records of the reserve for many years, rodents are dominant in the number of mammals in the reserve, mainly Oriental, but the fauna has transitional characteristics. There are 42 known species of mammals, including 24 species of Oriental realm and 18 species of Palaearctic realm.

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Protected objects

The main protected objects of Tongling freshwater dolphin National Nature Reserve are Baiji, finless porpoise, Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser dahliae, Acipenser sinensis, Myxocyprinus asiaticus, etc.

Development and utilization

Tongling freshwater dolphin nature reserve is the first place in the world to use semi natural conditions for ex situ conservation of Baiji and finless porpoise. Its main task is to protect the existing national first and second class aquatic rare animals in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (the section from Sanjiangkou to Digang River). It is located on the Jiajiang River between Datong Town, Tongling City and Yuezhou and tiebanzhou. Jiajiang river is 1600 meters long and 220 meters wide, with willows on the island, light clouds and high winds; waterfowls on the river are playing waves by waves, tree shadows on the river bank are dancing, the water color is beautiful, and the scenery is pleasant. It is an ideal water area for breeding freshwater dolphin. In September 1986, the people's Government of Anhui Province officially approved the establishment of "Tongling Baiji conservation farm in Anhui Province". The project was officially started on December 28, 1987 and completed in 1994, and passed the acceptance of the State Environmental Protection Bureau. During this period, a total of 15 million yuan has been invested in the construction of a number of Baiji conservation and scientific research facilities, such as import and export gate dams, water pumping ships, temporary ponds, treatment ponds, experimental buildings, feed bases, and dolphin health care system. Meanwhile, aquarium and herbarium with a wide variety of species have been built, and the management and scientific research work of living capture and artificial feeding of the finless porpoise have been successfully carried out

. Among them, the finless porpoise, Japanese Koi, giant salamander, Chinese alligator, Chinese sturgeon, river carp, rouge fish and Yangtze River fish raised in the aquarium are of high ornamental value and popularization of environmental protection knowledge, providing tourists with a good place for tourism, sightseeing and leisure, as well as a good classroom for teenagers to learn biology and environmental protection knowledge. In addition, the reserve has also made remarkable achievements in scientific research, and has successfully cultivated a new generation of finless porpoise.

Conservation of finless porpoise

Tongling freshwater dolphin National Nature Reserve investigated and studied the survival risk factors of aquatic animals, carried out the research on ecology and conservation biology of freshwater dolphin, carried out the rescue, shelter and release of other aquatic animals, mastered the capture and transportation technology of freshwater dolphin, and carried out the artificial breeding of the finless porpoise in the pond for four years and the reproductive research in the semi natural waters of Jiajiang river. In May 2003, May 2005 and July 2006, Shanshan, a female finless porpoise living in the semi natural waters of Jiajiang River, produced a small finless porpoise. On May 4 and June 5, 2009, the finless porpoise "Yangyang" and "little female" also gave birth to a little finless porpoise respectively. Tongling freshwater dolphin National Nature Reserve has 11 finless porpoises in the semi natural Jiajiang river. It is the largest artificial breeding population of finless porpoise in China and has become an important base for protecting finless porpoise.

Tourism projects

Chinese PinYin : Bai Qi Tun Yang Hu Chang