karamai oil field

karamai oil field

Karamay oilfield is the first large oilfield discovered in 1955 after the liberation of China. "Karamay" is a Uyghur transliteration of "black oil", named after the discovery site of Karamay Oilfield. It is now a natural asphalt Hill - black oil mountain in the east corner of Karamay City.

In January 2018, it was included in the first batch of China's industrial heritage protection list.

Brief introduction of Oilfield

Karamay oilfield is Xinjiang Oilfield. Its exploration and development unit, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, is the largest oil production enterprise in Western China. It is subordinate to China National Petroleum Corporation. It is mainly engaged in the exploration and development, gathering, transportation and sales of oil and gas resources in Junggar Basin and its peripheral basins. Because it is located in Karamay area, Xinjiang Oilfield is used to be called Karamay Oilfield.

Xinjiang Oilfield is the first large oilfield developed and constructed after the founding of new China. Its crude oil production ranks the fourth in China's onshore oilfields. It has maintained a steady growth for 25 consecutive years, with a cumulative oil production of more than 200 million tons. In 2002, the annual output of crude oil exceeded 10 million tons, becoming the first large oil field with 10 million tons in Western China. Junggar basin is rich in oil and gas resources. It is predicted that the total amount of oil resources is 8.6 billion tons, and natural gas is 2.1 trillion cubic meters. At present, the proven rate of oil is only 21.4%, and the proven rate of natural gas is less than 3.64%. The exploration prospect is broad and the development potential is huge. In the future, the company will adhere to the scientific outlook on development, manage the oilfield scientifically, implement the strategy of accelerating development, scientific and technological innovation and people-oriented strategy, and build Xinjiang Oilfield Company into a first-class oil and gas production enterprise in China in 5-10 years; by the middle of this century, the oilfield will continue to maintain vitality and vitality, and build Xinjiang Oilfield into a creative and innovative enterprise Century oilfield with competitiveness and vitality. Xinjiang Oilfield is one of the "four Daqing" strategic tasks of CNPC, which has an important strategic and economic position.

geographical position

Karamay oilfield is located in the northwest margin of Junggar basin, Xinjiang. The first well drilled is 130 km north of Dushanzi oil field. There is an "asphalt hill" in the northeast corner of the city. What flows out here like a mountain spring is not water, but black oil. Local people call it "Heiyoushan", which means "Karamay" in Uighur.

Karamay Oilfield base is located in Karamay City, which is located in the northwest edge of Junggar basin, 84 ° 42 ′ E and 45 ° 36 ′ n, covering an area of 9500 square kilometers. Karamay City governs 4 districts, 2 townships and 1 town. In 1990, the city had a population of more than 260000, of which the Han nationality accounted for 76.24%, and the Uygur, Kazakh, Hui, Mongolian, Manchu, Xibe, Russian and other 30 ethnic minorities accounted for 23.7%. There are more than 3000 returned overseas Chinese, family members of overseas Chinese and family members of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan compatriots in Karamay. They have extensive contacts with overseas Chinese and Chinese in more than 20 countries and regions. The traffic of Karamay is very convenient. There are three main highways running through the territory. The highways in the city extend in all directions. There are regular buses leading to Urumqi and the main cities in Northern Xinjiang. The opening of the railway in Northern Xinjiang makes the traffic mode of Karamay diversified. At the same time, Karamay airport has direct flights to Urumqi and Beijing.

development history

In May 1958, the State Council approved the establishment of Karamay, a prefecture level city directly under the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. After more than 30 years of hard work, the former Gobi desert has become an oil industry production base with a complete range of exploration, drilling, oil production, oil transportation, oil refining, construction, transportation, machine repair and manufacturing, and a new oil industry town with basic supporting facilities for scientific research, culture, education and health, commerce and trade, and public affairs.

early stage

The local "black oil mountain" has long been recorded in the book. In 1951, China and the Soviet Union began to conduct general survey and exploration. In 1955, it obtained industrial oil and gas flow. It was put into trial production in 1956, with an annual output of 16000 tons of crude oil. By 1960, it had reached 1.636 million tons, accounting for 39% of China's natural oil production in that year. Daqing Oilfield is the largest oilfield in China before it was put into development. After comprehensive development, the crude oil output reached 4.945 million tons in 1985. In 1998, Xinjiang Petroleum Administration Bureau, with its core, produced 8.71 million tons of crude oil and 471 million cubic meters of natural gas, becoming an important oil industry base in China.

Karamay is located in the northwest edge of Junggar Basin in Xinjiang. Before the founding of the people's Republic of China, the petroleum industry was very backward. At that time, the annual output of the largest Yumen Oilfield was only over 100000 tons. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, although the recovery period lasted for three years, until 1953, the annual output of crude oil in China was only 435000 tons, which could only meet one third of the social production demand.

In 1954, a geological survey team composed of ten geologists Zhang Kai, interns song Hanliang and Zhu Ruiming, led by the Soviet Union expert Uvarov, completed a 1:100000 geological survey of the Heiyoushan Wuerhe area in Xinjiang. It was clearly pointed out that the area had a good oil-bearing prospect, and it was suggested to carry out detailed geophysical survey and exploratory well drilling.

In January 1955, the National Petroleum Exploration conference was held, and Xinjiang was identified as one of the key exploration areas. After half a year's preparation, the 1219 young drilling team headed by technician Lu Mingbao went to Heiyoushan from Dushanzi. On July 6, 1955, the south side well No. 1 was drilled; on October 29, the drilling was completed and the next day the oil was injected. Since then, Karamay, a symbol of auspicious and rich, has spread all over the world.

By 1960, the oil-bearing area of the oilfield was initially proved to be 290 square kilometers; Karamay Wuerhe oilfield had successively discovered Karamay, Baijiantan, Baikouquan, Wuerhe, Hongshanzui and other oilfields, and the whole outline was presented to the world. Today, Karamay has been built into an industrial city relying on the three-dimensional development of oil.

after

In the era of reform and opening up, Karamay tracked the world's advanced equipment and high-tech in oil exploration and development. Through the introduction, digestion and innovation, Karamay improved the level of technology and equipment, so that the proven reserves and crude oil production increased steadily for 25 consecutive years. In the 1980s and 1990s, a number of oil and gas fields such as Baikouquan, Hongshanzui, Wuerhe, Xiazijie, Huoshaoshan, Beisantai, Cainan, Shixi and Mahu were successively explored. In the new century, Luliang, Shinan, Mosuowan and AnJiHai oil and gas fields were successively found, and major breakthroughs were made in oil and gas exploration in successive years.

modern

So far, 25 oil and gas fields have been discovered in Karamay, with proven oil reserves of 1.829 billion tons and natural gas reserves of 76.66 billion cubic meters. In 2004, 11.11 million tons of crude oil and 2.55 billion cubic meters of natural gas were produced, 30 times and 751 times higher than those in 1958, respectively. Today's Karamay oilfield is no longer the original Heiyoushan with an area of more than ten square kilometers, but a thousand mile oil region with Heiyoushan as its base point and radiating to the south, North and East.

With the rapid development of oil and gas resources, Karamay oil refining and chemical industry is booming. On the basis of only 70000 tons of refining capacity half a century ago, we have built a petrochemical enterprise with more than 50 sets of advanced production units and a primary processing capacity of more than 10 million tons of crude oil. More than 220 kinds of petrochemical products have been produced, and a number of leading products have filled the gap in China. Now, Karamay Dushanzi petrochemical base has become an important growth point of Xinjiang's national economy.

The Junggar basin, the main work object of Karamay Oilfield, is developed with huge thick oil generating strata, containing 8.6 billion tons of oil resources and 2.1 trillion cubic meters of natural gas resources. At present, the proven rate is only about 20% and 3.4% respectively, and the exploration and development potential is huge

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Name and origin

Karamay must be inseparable from Heiyoushan.

It is said that in the early 1950s, there was an old man named Sailimu who was driving a carriage to cut firewood in the Gobi desert. After a few days' journey in the vast Gobi desert, he found a hill by accident. Black liquid was emitting everywhere on the hill, but he didn't know what, so he tried to use a cloth to dip it into the wheel of the car. The wheels didn't creak and the car was much lighter. The old man brought back some of this black liquid with a gourd, and the villagers felt curious and spread it around. At that time, Chinese oil explorers who were looking for oil heard the news. Under the guidance of the old man, they found this place, later called "black oil mountain", which opened the prelude to the Karamay oil battle.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, China and the Soviet Union jointly established the Sino Soviet petroleum service company to conduct petroleum geological survey near Heiyoushan. In Russian materials, Heiyoushan is known as kapamau, which is the transliteration of "Heiyou" in Uygur and Kazakh. When translated into Chinese, some people translate it into Karamay, some into karemayi, and some into Karamay.

In the early days of the battle, people generally used the name of Heiyoushan in both written and oral Chinese. For example, in the general design of deep exploration drilling in Heiyoushan area formulated in January 1955, the first well to determine the well location in March was called Heiyoushan No.1 well. However, in some written materials and spoken language, there are also Karamay's. On October 291955, well No.1 produced oil, which marked the discovery of a new oilfield. Xinjiang Daily and November 25 of the same year

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