Yandi Temple

Yandi Temple

Yandi temple is located in Changyang mountain in Chamen township (Shennong township), Weibin District, Baoji City. It is the mausoleum of Emperor Yan of Shennong and the main place for Chinese people to worship their ancestors. The main sightseeing buildings of Yan Emperor's Mausoleum are: Shennong gate, Yangjiao Pavilion, Yan Emperor's Mausoleum gate, Yan Emperor's palace, yangshou Pavilion, "Shennong city", "Chinese ancestor" archway, altar square, Yan Emperor's hall, Yan Emperor's statue, large-scale color painting, stone steps in front of the tomb, Mausoleum, etc.

Yandi Temple

The Chinese nation is Yanhuang Qingzhou, and the Chinese people are the descendants of Yanhuang. Yandi, the first ancestor of Shennong clan, was born in Jiangshui, while Huangshui, the first ancestor of Xuanyuan clan, had a conclusion as early as 2700 years ago in the spring and Autumn period.

"Guoyu · Jinyu" records: "Yellow Emperor to Ji Shuicheng, Yan Emperor to Jiang Shuicheng." Jiangshui is located in Baoji area. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, more than 1500 years ago, Li Daoyuan, a Chinese paleogeographer, clearly wrote it into shuijingzhu.

According to yitongzhi in the fifth year of Tianshun in Ming Dynasty, "Jiang Shui is in the south of Baoji County." That is, the Jiangshi city in Baoji City, which is located on the Jiangshui River in the south of Weihe River.

There is Jiulong spring in the Weihe River of Baoji City. There is Shennong temple built in Tang Dynasty on the spring. There is Changyang mountain in mengyukou of the temple. There is Yandi mausoleum in Changyang mountain. All of them are in Yimen township (Shennong township) of Weibin District (Baoji City). They are places for people to worship Yandi.

Seeking roots and worshiping ancestors

On the 11th of the first month of the Spring Festival in Baoji, people gather in jiulongquan to celebrate the birthday of Emperor Yan; on the 7th of July every year, people gather in Tiantai Mountain to commemorate the death of Emperor Yan.

In recent years, many compatriots at home and abroad have come to Jiangcheng castle, jiulongquan and Tiantai Mountain in Baoji to seek their roots and worship their ancestors, but the ancestral hall has been destroyed and the mausoleum is in disrepair. Baoji people, the hometown of Shennong, feel guilty.

Historical evolution and renovation

It is very early for Baoji to have Yandi temple. It is said that as early as 5000 years ago, after Emperor Yan mistakenly tasted heartbroken herbs in Tiantai Mountain and died, Emperor Huang once built a "platform" in Tiantai Mountain where Emperor Yan died to offer sacrifices to Emperor Yan.

Today, there is a historic "incense burning platform" in Tiantai Mountain. The local people also built a temple to offer sacrifices to Emperor Yan at the original site. There are written records in Baoji that the temple of Emperor Yan was built in 422 BC, the third year of linggong of Qin Dynasty. In this year, the Duke of Qin linggong set up a sacrifice to Emperor Yan at the "sun of Wu mountain" in today's Chengcang district. "Wan" and "Shuowen Jiezi" explain: "heaven and earth, the site of the five emperors." Although this is not the ancestral temple that we call today, it can be said that this is the beginning of the establishment of "ancestral temple" to sacrifice to Emperor Yan in the Zhan Dynasty. Baoji temple was built in Tang Dynasty.

There is no written record of the specific time, and the address is Yuquan village, Shennong Town, Weibin District. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi, a famous litterateur, once wrote in his early visit to Louguan, a 500 character poem: "I'm not sure about it Jiling is a place of ancient clouds and clouds, and the Dragon Palace is a place of seclusion. Nanshan even scattered, go back to my state The sentence "the palace of dragon is quiet" is about this temple.

Because one is "Shennong", also known as "Shenlong"; the other is that Su Shi said in his poem that from the foot of Jifeng mountain to dashanguan, it is in the same line with Yuquan village where the temple is located. From the word "you" in the poem, we can imagine the grand scale of Shennong temple. There are written records of Shennong temple in Qing Dynasty.

According to the records of Fengxiang Prefecture and Baoji County in the Qing Dynasty, "Shennong Temple: one in the eastern suburb of the county, the other in jiulongquan in the southern suburb of the county." In 1749, the temple of Shennong was repaired. Later, due to the disrepair of Shennong temple for a long time, "Yuan Yong collapsed, broken stone tablet servant land, spring well around, base block teeth wrong, special loss of solemnity." In the thirtieth year of Qianlong (1765), Xu Qifeng, a native of the city, advocated that "people living nearby should strive to build pavilions and buildings with sincerity", "they should be engaged in it enthusiastically" and "the work should be completed in a few months".

Shennong temple was repaired on a large scale. Around the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931), Shennong temple was repaired again. There is no written record of the specific repair. It was repaired twice before the founding of the people's Republic of China. The scale of the rebuilt Shennong Temple: it faces north in the south, near Tuya in the South and Weihe River in the north, covering an area of about 5 mu; it is high in the South and low in the north, and is divided into two parts: the upper and the lower, with stone steps as the road. It is divided into the eastern, Western and central hospitals.

After the three courtyards, there are three caves and two caves. East courtyard: there are three halls in the backyard, dedicated to the statue of an Deng, the mother of Yan Emperor. There is a passage behind the statue, about 100 meters long, outside the original platform.

The front yard is a double-layer Drum Tower with flying eaves, which can be climbed. Middle courtyard: there are three God halls in the backyard. The hall is 7 meters high and 7 meters deep, forming a square hall and a hard mountain building.

There are three sacrificial halls in front of the hall for worshippers to offer sacrifices. On both sides of the hall, each of three. Under the front desk is jiulongquan, next to which stands a "bath Saint jiulongquan" monument.

West courtyard: there are three main halls in the backyard. In front of them is the stele of "rebuilding the nine dragon springs of Shennong Temple" erected in Qianlong's thirtieth year. There is a two-story bell tower in the front yard, supported by 18 dragon pillars.

Outside the two courtyards, there is a Kuixing building with a wooden plaque of "Jiulong pressing seven elephants". The three courtyards are separated by walls, and the inner doors of the three courtyards are connected with each other, which is deep and winding. In addition, the tall and grand theater building in the north of the ancestral hall, the majestic Dragon King Temple and the vigorous ancient cypresses form a solemn and grand sacrificial shrine. Around 1958, after the founding of the people's Republic of China, in the nationwide campaign to eliminate superstition, the halls, buildings, pavilions, pavilions and other buildings in Shennong temple were completely demolished, leaving only two caves. The site is used for other purposes. In the early 1990s, the people's Government of Baoji City decided to rebuild the Yandi temple from Yuquan village to the original riverside park. It was officially started in October 1991 and completed in August 1993. The rebuilt temple is square, 90 meters long and 90 meters wide, covering an area of 8100 square meters. The building area is 3800 square meters. The main buildings are: main hall, East and West veranda Hall (auxiliary Hall), cloister and mountain gate. It was surrounded by green bricks. The main hall and cloister are of concrete structure, and the floors of the upper and lower platforms and the surrounding railings are of marble. The total investment is about 7 million yuan. In 2002, the main hall platform and veranda roof were repaired. The investment is about 1.1 million yuan. In 2006, another 300000 yuan was invested to set more than 100 stone tablets in the East cloister.

Architectural pattern

Yan Emperor's mausoleum is divided into three parts: the area before the mausoleum, the area for ancestor worship and the tomb. Lingqian District: there is an ancient double eaves archway at Jiang castle, which reads: "hometown of Emperor Yan". There are bathing hall and Jiulong Pavilion on the Jiulong spring. There is a stone Huabiao memorial archway at the intersection of the north section of Qingjiang Road, which reads "Shennong town". There is another ancient memorial archway at the crossroad in the middle of Qingjiang Road, which reads "outstanding people and good earth". Mengyu, at the entrance of Tiantai Mountain in front of the gate of Baoji Bridge factory, sits in the East and has an ancient road crossing archway named "shennongmen" in the West. Passing through shennongmen, passing through the family area of the bridge factory, to the south is the mausoleum of Yandi in Changyang mountain. There is a winding mountain road to the mausoleum hall, and there are stone steps to the mausoleum hall. Sacrifice area: Changyang mountain, where Yan Emperor's mausoleum is located, is about 5 kilometers south of Baoji City. Entering the mountain gate, there are 100 meter steps. People who visit the mausoleum can climb up to the mausoleum platform. There are memorial archways and mountain gates at the mausoleum platform. Outside the door stands a stone tablet engraved with three big characters "Changyang mountain", which is the handwriting of Wu Sanda, a famous calligrapher in Xi'an. Changyang mountain has a pleasant scenery. At the bottom of the valley, there are clear mountain springs and streams all the year round, as well as endless beautiful legends. Emperor Yan Shennong was born in this beautiful land. Walking into the gate of Yan Di temple, the life and legends of Yan Di are displayed in the left wing room, and inscriptions of people from all walks of life are hung on the wall of the right wing room. There are Chinese agricultural exhibition hall and Chinese medicine history exhibition hall on both sides. The vivid scenes of building Yan Emperor's Mausoleum and commemorating Yan Emperor can be displayed in front of people through TV video. The front of the courtyard is the main hall, in front of which is a sacrificial square that can accommodate thousands of people. On the red pillars on the left and right sides of the hall are couplets written by Ru GUI, a famous calligrapher in Xi'an: "there must have been someone in Qihuang Chongyan emperor for thousands of years since the founding of the hall" and "there is no basis for the spread of farming in all directions to read Shennong". On the forehead of the front door are the four characters "Yan Di Da Dian". In the center of the hall is a large statue of Emperor Yan. In the hall, the lights are shining, the incense is burning, and the sound of the bells is melodious and melodious, reverberating throughout the valley In the area of ancestor worship, the Virgin Mary palace and Shennong Pavilion were also built. There are herbal hall and Yaowang cave in the West hillside, which is not only a place to study traditional Chinese medicine, but also a place to see a doctor for the masses. Mausoleum area: through the hall to the south, is a straight path to the top of the mountain. Yan Emperor's mausoleum is on the top of the mountain. People can't wait to climb the steep and overlapping steps until they reach the 999 th step, and finally reach the peak of Changyang mountain. This is a huge round mausoleum, surrounded by bluestone masonry, tombstone engraved with "Yan Emperor Mausoleum" four words. Pines and cypresses form forests all around. On both sides of the passage in front of the tomb are statues of emperors of various dynasties, and on the back of the tomb are steles of poems, couplets and paintings praising the merits of Emperor Yan. The mausoleum is adjacent to Tiantai Mountain scenic spot in the East, and faces Zhuge mountain across Mengyu River in the north. In the south, there is a forest of pines and cypresses. From the top of the forest, you can see the towering Dashan pass of Qinling Mountains. From the west, you can see the clear and rolling ginger water. Ginger water lingers around Jiang's city and flows to Weihe River in the north. The Mausoleum as a whole is dominated by mountains. There are many ancient buildings in groups, flying in the air on three sides, giving people the feeling of majestic, sacred, solemn, quaint and quiet. "The great event of the state lies in worship and precepts." "The emperor is the greatest in virtue of the ancient sage. Therefore, the reward of the later generations is the greatest. " As the founder of agriculture, medicine and market, the Shennong family of Yan Emperor has always been in a high position in the sacrificial ceremonies. Overseas Chinese, Hong Kong and Macao compatriots and people from all walks of life in the mainland came to the Yan Emperor Mausoleum to pay homage to their ancestors.

Chinese PinYin : Yan Di Ci