Xianxia pass

Xianxia pass

Xianxiaguan, known as Guquan mountain, Quanling mountain and Baoquan mountain in ancient times, was a pass in ancient China. The ancients called it "the key to Zhejiang and the throat to Fujian". It has always been a place for military strategists to fight. It is also known as China's four ancient passes together with Jianmen pass, Hangu pass and Yanmen pass.

On October 9, 2019, xianxiaguan scenic area was criticized by Zhejiang Provincial Department of culture and tourism for lack of maintenance of facilities and equipment, lack of identification system, lack of safety warning and decline of service level.

Basic introduction

Xianxiaguan is located in nanxianxialing, Baoan Township, Jiangshan City, Zhejiang Province. It is located at the junction of Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces. In ancient times, it was called guquanshan and Quanling mountain. It is also known as China's four ancient passes along with Jianmen pass, Hangu pass and Yanmen pass.

Xianxiaguan city is connected with mountains from east to west, and there is a narrow road between North and south. It is the throat of ancient Quzhou Prefecture, Xi'an county (Modern Quzhou, Zhejiang) and Jianzhou prefecture (Modern Jian'ou, Fujian). Xianxiaguan is famous for its majestic and precipitous position. It is known as "the key to Zhejiang and the throat to Fujian". It has always been a place for military strategists.

Xianxiaguan is the most complete preserved site of Huangchao uprising at the end of Tang Dynasty in China. It is a provincial key cultural relic protection unit in Zhejiang Province.

Introduction

Xianxia pass is an ancient pass in China, which was called Guquan mountain and Quanling mountain in ancient times. It is one of the four ancient passes in China, which is as famous as Jianmen pass in the south of Guangyuan City in Sichuan Province, Hangu pass in Lingbao County in Henan Province and Yanmen pass in Daixian County in Shanxi Province. Xianxiaguan is the most complete preserved site of Huangchao uprising at the end of Tang Dynasty in China. It is a key cultural relic protection unit at the provincial level in Zhejiang Province. It is one of the classic red tourism bases in Zhejiang Province. It is also one of the eight hiking routes in Zhejiang Province.

Xianxiaguan is located in nanxianxialing, Baoan Township, Jiangshan City, Zhejiang Province. It is located at the junction of Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces. It was called Guquan mountain and Quanling mountain in ancient times. Guancheng is connected with mountains from the east to the west, and there is a narrow road between the north and the south. It is the throat of ancient Quxian (Quzhou in Zhejiang in modern times) and Jianzhou (Jian'ou in Fujian in modern times). Known as "the key to Zhejiang and the throat of entering Fujian", it has always been a place for military strategists to fight for. However, wars are frequent, and the flames of justice are endless.

Zhu Maichen of the Han Dynasty once said: the king of Nanyue lived in Quanshan, where one person was in danger, and one thousand people could not go up. Today, the mountain is surrounded by hundreds of miles, all of which are high mountains and deep valleys. Those who climb the mountain reach 360 levels, with 24 curves and 20 miles in length.

In the fifth year of Qianfu (874) of Tang Dynasty, Huangchao uprising army broke Raozhou, Xinzhou and Shezhou, turned to the east of Zhejiang, opened more than 700 miles in xianxiaguan, and headed for Jianzhou.

There were peasant uprisings led by Ye zongliu in Ming Dynasty, indigo planting and kiln burning peasant uprisings in Fujian and Zhejiang provinces, famine uprisings led by Yang Guanying in Qing Dynasty, Jiumu uprising led by Liu Jiafu in Guangxu period, and troops of Shi Dakai, a famous general of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and Li Shixian, a servant of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. During the period of the Chinese revolutionary war, the footprints of the Communist Red Army and guerrillas were left on xianxialing. From 1935 to 1937, under the leadership of Su Yu and Liu Ying, the advancing division of the workers' and peasants' Red Army established base areas and organized peasants in mountainous areas to fight.

Xianxialing road starts from Jiangshan, Zhejiang Province in the north and ends at Pucheng, Fujian Province in the south. It is more than 100 km long, winding and narrow, with high mountains and deep valleys on both sides, connecting Xiulian peak. There are Yaoling, xianxialing, Chaling, xiaoganling, Fengling (daganling), Liling (wuxianling) and other dangerous passes between them, which are collectively known as xianxialiuling. Among the Six Mountains, Xianxia mountain is the most dangerous. Xianxia pass is an important pass. Xianxia pass has four gates, two in the northeast and two in the southwest. They are all made of stones, 3.4 meters high and 2.7 meters wide. They are all built in the pass of dangerous rock and steep wall between two mountains. Guanling is 591 meters above sea level. The total length is 5 kilometers. There is a stage built of gravel. Calendar 24 songs, for the end of the Tang Dynasty peasant uprising army leader Huang Chao rate into the open. The main scenic spots of touguan include SONGFENG Pavilion, "Southeast Suoyue" stone tablet, shuangbaoshu, Huanxia pool, Tianyu nunnery (the site of Guandi Temple), chongtianyuan and xianxialing historical materials exhibition hall, Huangchao stone statue and Sha Menghai inscription "chrysanthemum poem" tablet, etc. There are Ganquan, xialingting and liuxingzhai sites in erguan. There are ancient blockhouse sites in Sanguan. There is a blessing Pavilion in the four passes.

During the Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty (1465-1487 A.D.), xianxiaguan was garrisoned. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yujian, the king of Tang Dynasty, declared himself Emperor in Fuzhou and planned to attack the Qing army according to the danger of Xianxia. Later, because Zheng Zhilong was removed from Xianxia garrison in Ming Dynasty, the Qing army moved southward to Fuzhou. There is a highway from Jiangshan, Zhejiang Province to Pucheng, Fujian Province, and Xianxia pass has lost its function as a pass.

There are three stone tablets on the pass, one is the road inscription of Song Dynasty, the other is the tower stone of Tianyu nunnery, which is engraved with "the tower of monk Tianyu nunnery"; the other is the remnant tablet of "southeast lock key". In the middle of the northeast, there are still four houses attached to Tianyu nunnery built in the Qing Dynasty. Guanling half waist and top, each built a unique Pavilion. On both sides of Guanling mountain, bamboo trees are built to block out the sun, ancient trees are towering, mountains are breezy, and springs are murmuring.

Xianxia ancient road, Xiongguan, Shengjing, has attracted many literati and poets to visit the mountains and write many poems praising Xianxia. Since the Song Dynasty, there have been Lu You, Zhu Xi, Liu Ji, Xu Wei, Xu Xiake, Cha Shenxing, Zhou Lianggong and so on. Yu Dafu, a modern litterateur, and Lang Jingshan, a photographer, came here with admiration.

A thousand year old road

The ancient road was opened up by the Huangchao uprising army at the end of the Tang Dynasty. It was 700 Li Long and headed for Jianzhou, Fujian Province. In 1172 A.D., Shi Hao, an envoy of Baoning army, went to Fuzhou, where he "raised his husband and paved it with stones" and then turned it into pebbles. In history, it is a way of business and poetry.

A thousand year old road

In the bamboo sea, where the ancient road snakes, the stone steps are green with moss. In the past, it used to be the throat of the southeast. It was the key to enter Fujian and occupied Fujian from the Central Plains. This is a must pass and has always been a must for military strategists.

The ancient roads are paved with small stones. The road is two meters wide, which should be considered spacious in ancient times. In fact, for the time being, this is the expressway now. The ancient road is built in the valley, and on both sides of the ancient road are high mountains.

Along the millennium old road dengxianxiaguan, in the corner of the parking lot to the ancient road, there is a small stone bridge one meter wide. At the end of the bridge stands a stone tablet, which reads "Luoma bridge". It is said that when the Japanese invaded, a team leader wanted to go to Fujian from then on, but when he came to this bridge, he suddenly fell off.

First pass

Xianxia pass

The main scenic spots of the first pass of Xianxia pass include SONGFENG Pavilion, stone tablet of Southeast Suoyue, shuangbaoshu, Huanxia pool, Tianyu Temple (the site of Guandi Temple), chongtianyuan and xianxialing historical materials exhibition hall, stone statue of Huangchao and stone tablet of chrysanthemum poem inscribed by Sha Menghai. The first gate of Xianxia pass is majestic. It is all made of stone. It has double gates, and the doors are arched. The wall is more than 3 meters thick, 5.5 meters high and 60 meters long. There are mountains on both sides of the door. If the door is closed tightly, it's really "one man is in charge of the gate, ten thousand people are not allowed to open it"!

The pass is built according to the gorge. The footstone is neat and firm, and the construction method is quite creative. In the middle is the semi-circular top of the gate, which looks like the Great Wall with gun holes. It's magnificent from the bottom, and the ancient road below is clear at a glance when it's closed. It should be very difficult for ancient people to pass through the pass without a hard struggle. Standing at the close, it seems that the once fierce fighting is still ringing in my ears. However, as things have changed, modern people no longer need it, so they have to keep it for tourists to watch.

There is a stone tablet in front of the pass as a memorial. It is said that previously, they could still climb the top of the gate to appreciate the precipitousness of "one man is in charge of the gate, ten thousand people are not allowed to open it". Since 2008, in order to protect this precious historic site, the scenic spot has not allowed tourists to go up.

Huangchao stone statue

Climbing up along the first pass, the hillside is covered with bamboo. There is a long corridor built in the forest. There is a unique pine wind pavilion between the mountains. When the pavilion is open, you can hear the sound of the pines. There is also a rebuilt "chongtian garden" hanging on the "chongtian general" Huangchao. The stone walls of the garden are mixed with wild flowers and vines. Yuandong Tianyu nunnery has been renovated. It is a place for tasting Xianxia tea and enjoying the beautiful scenery of Xianxia. On the east side, there is a Huanxia pool, and a gurgling Feiquan flows directly into the pool. The droplets are as wet as smoke and rain, reflecting with the setting sun and turning into five colors. A few feet below the chongtian garden, there are two willow trees, called "double treasure trees", which are deep rooted and leafy. One of the tree trunk, grow a Phyllostachys pubescens, it is rare, people jokingly known as "the heart of the bamboo.". Although the bamboo has withered, its residual stem can still be seen. Beside the road on the west side of the garden, there is a thousand year old Broussonetia papyrifera tree. After being burned by lightning, it still has luxuriant branches and leaves, and old vines cling to it. It is said that Huang Chao tied his horse to this tree.

There are three steles on the ridge. One is the road building stele of Song Dynasty, many words of which have been lost; the other is the tower stone of Tianyu nunnery, engraved with "the tower of monk of Tianyu nunnery"; the other is the stele of "southeast lock key" inscribed by Chen Dingxin, the head of Jiangshan County in 1929.

Yuandong is the site of Guandi temple.

There is a poem written by Zha Shenxing, a poet of Qing Dynasty, in Tianyu nunnery

On the wall of Tianyu nunnery

The tiger roars, the ape cries, the north wind blows and the rain comes across the mountain.

People hover from the bottom of the well, and the sky is open to the door.

Di Xian used to be a drama thief. Who dares to be a hero?

Fried tea good lead idle monk meaning, know is shoe to a few times!

Second pass

Sweet spring

From the first pass to the second pass, it is connected by a winding ancient road about 2 meters wide and 1 km long. The ancient road has 1195 levels and is paved with stones.

Chinese PinYin : Xian Xia Guan