Shuiyu Village

Shuiyu village is a village in deep mountain area. The whole village is distributed along a gully rock in northwest southeast direction. The terrain is high in southwest and low in Northeast, with an average altitude of 500-800 meters. In the south of the village, a reservoir of 100000 cubic meters is built, which has water in all seasons; there are three wells with abundant water; tap water enters the street for people and animals to drink. 4500 meters of water diversion pipeline will be built around the mountain, and the water from the water diversion reservoir will be used to irrigate the young trees. The natural ecology of the village is well maintained. What is particularly valuable is that there are still 600, more than 100 sets of Ming and Qing Dynasty courtyard houses in the village, which are located on the East gentle slope of the village. At present, they are relatively complete. An ancient road made of S-shaped bluestone runs through the whole village. The village is in a round shape, facing south and North, and built according to the mountain, forming a unique architectural style. The most representative buildings are Yang's courtyard, wengmen, Niangniang Temple, etc.

Shuiyu village has set a Guinness world record of 128 stone mills. According to these stone mills, we have developed a unique Chinese flag performance. Hundreds of years of historical accumulation has also formed a temple fair culture mainly composed of Zhongfan, Dagu and Yangko. The Zhongfan in Shuiyu village can be traced back to Hongwu Yongle period of Ming Dynasty and flourished in Xianfeng Period of Qing Dynasty. At first, it was a folk spontaneous hall meeting, which was limited to villagers' self entertainment and self entertainment performances. Every temple fair and major folk festival, the villagers have the custom of playing flags to pray for rain and blessing, which later evolved into integrated performance and has been handed down to the present.

Shuiyu Village

Shuiyu village, an administrative village under the jurisdiction of Nanjiao Township, Fangshan District, Beijing, is a traditional Chinese village. It is located in the deep mountain hinterland in the southwest of Beijing, covering an area of 10 square kilometers.

Shuiyu village is an important part of Beijing's "Xishan cultural belt", which forms the "four ancient cultures" represented by ancient houses, ancient nians, ancient roads and ancient banners. Shuiyu village is built close to the mountain with a well arranged pattern, forming a unique style of courtyard in northern mountain village, among which the representative buildings are Yang's courtyard, Niangniang Temple, etc. Shuiyu Zhongfan, a municipal intangible cultural heritage of Beijing, once performed at the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games.

On December 17, 2012, Shuiyu village was announced as the first batch of Chinese traditional villages by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of finance.

Historical evolution

From the fourth year of Tianfu to the fourth year of Tianyou (904-907) in the Tang Dynasty, the centralization of power was weak and the local separatist forces became more and more powerful at the end of the Tang Dynasty. The road built by Liu rengong became the rudiment of Shuiyu ancient business road.

In April of the first year of Kaiping (907), General Li Xiaoxi attacked Da'an mountain and captured Liu rengong. Shuiyu was under the control of Houliang.

In 917, Li Cunxu, king of Jin Dynasty, drove out Qidan and controlled the area.

During the song and Liao dynasties, Shuiyu was the boundary of the northern and southern regimes, and the jurisdiction was chaotic because of the territory competition between the two sides.

In 1122, the Nuzhen people in the Northeast conquered Yanjing (now Beijing) and established the Jin Dynasty. Nanjiao is the mausoleum area of Nuzhen regime's Dajin mausoleum, with garrison to protect the mausoleum.

In 1215, the Mongolian army destroyed the Jin Dynasty. The area of Shuiyu was then controlled by the Mongolian army.

In 1271, Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, named the country "Dayuan", and the capital "Dadu" (today's Beijing) the next year. Shuiyu was under the jurisdiction of Fengxian County, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, and then Fangshan County.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, a few Shanxi businessmen set up inns in the area of Shuiyu village and settled down.

In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), Zhu Yuanzhang conquered Dadu by Xu Da, and changed Dadu into "Beiping mansion". Shuiyu was under the jurisdiction of Fangshan County, Zhuozhou.

From 1371 to 1405, the imperial court carried out the military garrison policy in order to defend the enemy, pacify the people and develop production. It successively emigrated more than 30000 households from Shanxi to the plain of Beijing suburb for 19 times. The early ancestors in Shuiyu area originated here.

In 1421, Emperor Zhu Di moved his capital to shuntianfu (now Beijing). After that, Shuiyu village was under the jurisdiction of Fangshan County, Tianfu, Mingshun.

At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, due to the corruption of the imperial court, frequent famine, domestic and foreign troubles, some descendants of Shanxi immigrants came to Shuiyu to settle down and multiply.

In the summer of 1644, Dorgon led the Qing army to occupy Beijing. During the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty, he set up shuntianfu and led five prefectures and 22 counties. Shuiyu village is still owned by Fangshan County.

In 1662, 179 villages were under the jurisdiction of Fangshan County, and Shuiyu village was one of them.

In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, with the development and utilization of coal resources in Nanjiao area, the population of Nanjiao area increased sharply. The prosperity of Nanjiao area promoted the development of Shuiyu village, which was famous for producing charcoal and providing residence for coal mine owners.

In 1914, Shuiyu village was under the jurisdiction of Fangshan County.

In 1928, the Chiang Kai Shek government in Nanjing was established. Fangshan area was under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province, and Shuiyu village was under its jurisdiction.

In 1938, Shuiyu was controlled by the Japanese puppets. Japanese invaders plundered Nanjiao's coal resources with high-speed railway as their antennae and enslaved Nanjiao with fascism. Shuiyu and other villages were seriously damaged.

In October 1940, the Eighth Route Army led by the Communist Party of China established an anti Japanese democratic regime in dafangshan. Shuiyu village was under the jurisdiction of the Fifth District of Fangliang county.

From August 1945 to September 1949, Shuiyu village was under the jurisdiction of Nanjiao Township, seven districts of Fangshan County, a democratic regime in the liberated area.

From 1950 to April 1958, Shuiyu village was under the jurisdiction of Nanjiao Township, Zhoukoudian District, Beijing.

In September 1958, Zhoukoudian District abolished the township system and implemented the people's commune system. There are eight communes in the region, and the commune has a brigade. Shuiyu brigade belongs to Baihuashan commune and Hebei commune successively.

In 1960, Shuiyu brigade was under the jurisdiction of Nanjiao commune, Fangshan County, Beijing.

On January 1, 1981, Shuiyu brigade was under the jurisdiction of Nanjiao commune under the Beijing Municipal Bureau of mining.

In March 1983, Beijing abolished the system of people's communes and brigades and implemented the system of townships (towns) and villages. Nanjiao commune was renamed Nanjiao Township, and Shuiyu village was under the jurisdiction of Nanjiao township of Beijing Municipal Bureau of mining. Under the leadership of the Party branch, Shuiyu village set up a villagers' committee to implement the land contract system.

In January 1993, Shuiyu village was under the jurisdiction of Nanjiao Township, Fangshan District, Beijing.

geographical environment

Location context

Shuiyu village is located in Nanjiao Township, Fangshan District, Beijing, 80 kilometers away from the urban area of Beijing. It is located in the hinterland of deep mountains in the southwest of Beijing, with the geographical coordinates of 39 ° 75 'n and 115 ° 82' e. the village area is 10 square kilometers.

 

 

topographic features

Shuiyu village is on the East and west sides of the valley, slightly triangular. The mountainous area of the village is 96.7%, surrounded by mountains. The village is distributed along a gully rock with northwest southeast direction, and the terrain is high in southwest and low in Northeast.

 

natural vegetation

The ecological resources of Shuiyu village are well protected, and the forest coverage rate is 73.6%. There are many fruit trees on both sides of the valley, and shrubs on the hillside, so the coverage rate is not high.

 

soil

The soil in Shuiyu village is mountain cinnamon soil with thin soil layer and poor fertility.

 

Village characteristics

Site selection concept

Nanjiao area has the valley landform with the characteristics of "Jiao". The branch of dafangshan divides the area into four valleys, namely, Nanjiao Valley, Zhongjiao Valley, Shuiyu Valley and Daxigou valley. It is a rare and fertile place suitable for living in the mountain area. Shuiyu village was formed in Shuiyu valley. Sufficient water supply was the necessary condition for Shuiyu ancestors to build the village. Villagers could also obtain wood, stone and other resources from the surrounding mountains for construction, production and life.

Shuiyu village forms a unique and complete geomantic layout with Taiji Bagua circular pattern. Changlingtuo in the east of the village was originally a natural round mound. Later, the villagers took soil for composting and flattened the mound. The village was built with sand and stone again and transformed into a flat topped round platform. The platform was filled with colorful soil, which symbolized the sacrificial culture of the Chinese nation. Today, it is called "moon watching hill", which means that standing here, you can enjoy the sunshine during the day, and at night is the best place to enjoy the moon. Every spring and autumn, in the middle of the night, you can enjoy a bright moon falling on the peak of Shamao, because of the "cuiding Jinzhu" scenery. Changlingtuo is located in the upper fish eye position of Taiji map, facing south from north. The "Kun" position in Niangniang Temple corresponds to Qianwei's north and South (yin and Yang). There is a long mountain ridge in the far north, zhongjiaoliang, which becomes the natural barrier of the village. It is called "Ping" in geomantic omen and "backer" by local people. Mengganggou between the backer and changlingtuo is the "post Xuanwu" position in geomancy; Zhaoshan (also known as Wangshan), a traditional village opposite nanpoling, is the "front rosefinch" position; Qinglong on the left and Baihu on the right.

 

spatial distribution

Chinese PinYin : Shui Yu Cun