Historical and Cultural District

The historical and cultural block and South Gate Project of Zhengding, an ancient city with an investment of 51 million yuan, was officially opened to the public on September 30. The whole historical and cultural block is 1500 meters long. There are three national key cultural relics protection units, including Guanghui Temple Pagoda, Linji temple chengling pagoda and Kaiyuan Temple bell tower, which were built in the Tang Dynasty, as well as changlemen ancient city pool, which has been restored and completed. It can be rated as the first street with the highest level of historical relics in China. It is similar to Longxing Temple, Rongguo mansion, Zhaoyun temple and Guoyuan temple in the ancient city Home table tennis practice base and science and Technology Museum and many other cultural relics, tourist attractions complement each other, forming a beautiful tourist landscape. When you stroll along the long history and Culture Street in Sanhua, you can enjoy the scattered ancient buildings, the antique shops of Zhengding, taste all kinds of local snacks, buy a wide range of antique paintings, antiques, toys and tourist souvenirs, and climb the newly completed Changle gate. You can see from afar that the winding ancient city wall embraces many ancient pagodas, famous temples and tourist attractions Ancient dwellings will make you enjoy the pleasure of visiting the ancient and enjoying the history.

Historical and Cultural District

Historical and cultural blocks refer to the areas approved and announced by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, which are rich in preserved cultural relics, concentrated in historical buildings, and can more completely and truly reflect the traditional pattern and historical features, and have a certain scale.

significance

The focus of historical and cultural blocks is to protect the overall appearance. We should not only protect the cultural relics and historic buildings that constitute the historical style, but also preserve all the elements that constitute the overall style, such as roads, streets, courtyard walls, bridges, streams, revetments and even ancient trees. Historical and cultural district is an area with a large number of residents living in it. It is a living cultural heritage with its unique community culture. We should not only protect the body of those historical buildings, but also preserve the culture it carries, protect the content of non-material forms and preserve cultural diversity. It is necessary to maintain the community tradition, improve the living environment and promote the regional economic vitality.

history

The concept of historical area protection was formed in 1960s. After the Second World War, the economy of Europe resumed development, and large-scale housing construction began in cities. At that time, the common practice was to demolish the old urban areas and build new buildings. But the result is to improve the building, but destroy the historical environment. The historical connection of cities and towns has been cut off, and their characteristics are disappearing. People are beginning to realize that a country or a nation can not cut off history, and cultural relics and historic sites are the real examples of these historical and cultural development. Therefore, in addition to the protection of cultural relics and buildings, we should also preserve some historical blocks, keep historical memory, and preserve the continuity of urban history.

France

France was the first country to legislate for protection. In 1962, France promulgated the "Marlowe law", which stipulated that valuable historical blocks should be designated as "historical reserves", and the plans for protection and continued use should be formulated and incorporated into the management of urban planning. The buildings in the reserve shall not be demolished at will, and the renovation meeting the requirements can be subsidized by the state, and enjoy some preferential tax reduction and exemption. There are 100 national protected areas and hundreds of local protected areas in France. As the object of protection here is a living and in use block, its protection policy is very different from the protection of cultural relics. Take the conservation area of Lyon as an example. It was designated as a national historical reserve in 1964. There are many ancient buildings and streets in the area from the 16th century to the 19th century. The main task of the government is to renovate the houses and improve the transportation. For the workers' houses built at the beginning of the 20th century, they are required to renovate and preserve their appearance as they are, and to build kitchens and toilets inside, so that the residents can have good conditions to continue to live.

Japan

In Japan, the cultural property preservation law revised in 1975 added the content of protecting traditional buildings. They believe that the protection of the ecological environment only affects people's body, but the protection of the historical environment involves people's soul, so this is a more important content in the process of modernization. In the construction climax of the 1950s and 1960s, people's concept was "demolishing the old to build the new". At that time, the cultural relics preservation law could only protect individual cultural relics, but the historical blocks could not be protected. Therefore, the citizens and scholars urged the local government to formulate local protection regulations, which later led to the revision of the cultural relics preservation law. According to the law, "the area where traditional buildings are concentrated and integrated with the surrounding environment to form a historical style" is designated as "the protection area of traditional buildings". In Japan, there are 78 national protected areas for traditional buildings. When making plans for conservation and renovation in such areas, the "traditional buildings" should be renovated as they are, the "non-traditional buildings" should be rebuilt or decorated, and some seriously affecting the style and features should be rebuilt or demolished.

China

It was in 1986 that China formally proposed the protection of historic districts. In the document of the second batch of national famous historical and cultural cities published by the State Council, it pointed out that "the districts, buildings, small towns and villages with relatively concentrated cultural relics and historical sites, or which can fully reflect the traditional style and local characteristics of a certain historical period, should also be protected. According to their historical, scientific and artistic values, they can be protected Bu is a local historical and cultural reserve at all levels. This is an important measure to protect the historical heritage. Since then, a hierarchical protection system has been formed to protect cultural relics, historical and cultural blocks, and historical and cultural cities. The regulations on the protection of famous historical and cultural cities, towns and villages was implemented in 2008.

protective measures

In order to protect the appearance and renovate the interior, the historical buildings in the historical district do not have to maintain the original state as the cultural relics, but can carry out indoor renovation to meet the needs of modern life. For historic buildings, they should be repaired and decorated as they are. For those unreasonable changes, they can be restored to their original appearance or style. For new buildings that are contrary to historical features, they can be appropriately transformed to restore their original style. Actively improve the infrastructure and improve the quality of life of residents. If this problem is not solved, it will be very difficult for residents to continue to live here, and protection will become empty talk. We should gradually rectify the situation and oppose large-scale demolition and construction. The reason why the gradual renovation method is advocated is for careful design and construction, to preserve more real historical relics, to raise funds calmly, to reduce the pressure of the government, to preserve and continue the community culture, and to protect the intangible cultural heritage.

Historical and cultural district is the key point of historical and cultural city protection, its protection is not a simple planning problem, but a comprehensive social practice. We should pay special attention to the methods and policies in the implementation of the protection, and summarize the implementation of the protection of historical and cultural blocks in the previous stage. It can be considered that it is impossible to balance funds locally in areas that need to be protected, so it should not operate in the way of real estate development. Some historical and cultural blocks in some cities have made good protection plans, but the developers lead the construction. In order to balance the funds and pursue profits, they have to constantly modify the plans, and the result is that they can not achieve the purpose of protection. The correct way is to be led by the government, formulate relevant policies according to the requirements of the plan, and ensure the implementation according to the plan. At the same time, we should pay attention to take the way of gradual renovation, respect the wishes of residents, protect the interests of residents, mobilize the enthusiasm of residents, the government investment is the main, supplemented by the residents' investment, and "government led, residents' participation, gradual renovation, gradual improvement", so as to do a good job in the protection and renovation of protected areas.

In some places, all the Aborigines have moved out, and their houses have been rebuilt and sold at a high price, or they have become new communities for rich people to live in, or high-end entertainment and leisure places, or scenery props for tourists. These are not the direction of the protection of historical and cultural blocks. In some foreign cities, the renewal of old districts is often aimed at the declining business districts, warehouses, docks, etc., and few of them have moved out of their original residents. In order to avoid social separation, they are not in favor of "gentrification".

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