Huiningfu site in Shangjing of Jin Dynasty

Huiningfu site in Shangjing of Jin Dynasty

Huining Palace site in Shangjing, located in Nancheng village, Baicheng village and Xincheng village, Ashihe street, Acheng District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, is the capital of Shangjing and the first capital of Jin Dynasty

It was the early capital of the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) built by the Nuzhen people of Manchu

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Huiningfu site in Shangjing of Jin Dynasty is composed of two rectangular cities adjacent to the north and the south. The plan is curved. The perimeter of the outer city wall is about 11076 meters, including the waist wall. The total length of the city wall is about 12708 meters. Huiningfu site in Shangjing of Jin Dynasty is a well preserved capital site of Jin Dynasty, which is of great value for the study of local history and ethnic history of Northeast China

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On February 23, 1982, huiningfu site in jinshangjing was announced as the second batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

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Historical evolution

Wanyan'aguda, the king of Jin Taizu, was founded in 1115. In 1153, Wanyan Liang, the king of Hailing, moved his capital to Yanjing (Beijing), the capital of Jinzhong. Shangjing (Huining Palace site) was the capital of Jin Dynasty. He had been ruled by four emperors, jintaizu, Taizong, Xizong and hailing king for 38 years

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From May to October 2017, Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology excavated a large area to the east of TJ 1, Huining house site in Jinshang capital, covering an area of more than 2500 square meters

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Site features

Site scale

The huiningfu site in the capital of Shangjin covers a total area of about 6 square kilometers

With the western city wall as the edge, it is composed of two rectangular cities adjacent to the north and the south. The plane is in the shape of a square. The wall separated from the north and the south is commonly known as Yaocheng or YaoYuan. The city wall is made of rammed earth. The perimeter of the city wall outside the city is about 11076 meters, including the waist wall. The total length of the city wall is about 12708 meters. There are many defensive buildings in Jinshang capital, such as horse face, turret, urn city and moat

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Site layout

The Huining Palace site in Shangjing of Jin Dynasty is well preserved by the walls of the northern and southern cities and the architectural sites in the imperial city. The imperial city is located in the west of the southern city. The imperial city is divided into three areas by the corridor site. The central part of the imperial city is the palace area, and the East and west sides are the auxiliary palace area. The eastern part of the imperial city is divided into several units by a number of corridors, and each unit is composed of one or more groups of building sites. The building site in the east of the imperial city is large and the related remains are densely distributed, which is roughly located to the east of the fourth Palace site in the palace area. In the northwest part, a group of relatively independent small building sites are closely connected with its west side, numbered tj1

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Site distribution

The main building in the East and south of TJ 1 is a cross shaped rammed earth platform site, which is composed of three separate rammed earth platforms. The west section of the east-west direction is numbered as Tj2, the platform base of the north-south direction is numbered as TJ3, and the east section of the east-west direction is numbered as tj4. The intersection of the three foundations forms a cross shaped foundation site, with the central part being the highest and slightly sloping towards the four sides. Each abutment is made of rammed earth, about 0.7m-0.8m higher than the surrounding brick floor. The buttresses on the platform foundation are arranged in order, and there are residual paving bricks on the surface. There are many heating facilities (stove sites) distributed on the north of the North-South platform foundation, and there are a certain width of wall brick residues on the edge of the platform foundation. The west section of Tj2 is connected with the south end of tj1.

The surface layer of Tj2 at huiningfu site in Shangjing of Jin Dynasty is 0.1-0.15 meters deep from the surface. It is rectangular in east-west direction and slightly wider in the east than in the West. The excavated part is 24 meters long from east to west and 17.8-11.8 meters wide from north to south. The East is connected with TJ3, and the East is about 0.15m-0.2m higher than TJ3. There are 13 buttresses on it. The arrangement of Dun is single row in the West and double row in the East. There is no brick in the wall base of the south of Tj2, the width of the base groove is 0.6m, the mark of the wall base is still there, and there is a white ash residue. There is a north-south modern trench in the east of the platform base, which runs through Tj2 and destroys Tj2.

The surface layer of TJ3 at huiningfu site in Shangjing of Jin Dynasty is 0.1-0.2 meters deep from the surface, with a north-south trend and a rectangular plane. The length of the North-South exposure is 59.8m, and the width of the north is about 13.7m-14m. In TJ3, 54 column foundations and 3 stoves were found. The plane of the pier is slightly square, symmetrically arranged in the north-south direction, with two columns on the East and west sides. The distance between the piers is 0.45-0.5 meters from east to west and 2.8-3 meters from north to south. There are 14 bays in the north-south direction. There are brick wall and apron on the East and west sides of TJ3. Some of them still have pillar stones, and some of them have brick square relics. The west of TJ3 is overlapped by the rammed earth in the east of Tj2, which means that the construction of TJ3 should be earlier than that of Tj2.

The surface layer of tj4 at huiningfu site in Shangjing, Jin Dynasty is 0.1-0.2 meters deep from the surface. It is rectangular in plane and runs east-west. It is on the same line with Tj2. The excavated part is 23.2 meters long from east to west and 10.75 meters wide from north to south. The north and south sides of the platform foundation are respectively covered with brick wall and apron. The width of the brick wall foundation is 0.8m and the width of the apron is 0.45M. On the base of the platform, there are also buttresses, which are distributed in three rows from east to west, and six columns from north to South are exposed in the West. The width of the pier is about 1.3 meters, the distance between East and West is 2.5-2.9 meters, and the distance between North and south is about 2.9 meters. The rammed earth foundation of tj4 is superimposed on the apron of TJ3, that is, the construction of tj4 should be slightly later than that of TJ3. The cross shaped Gallery foundation site composed of Tj2, tj4 and TJ3 is an important subsidiary building in the east of the imperial city. It divides the eastern area into several building units, which are related to each other. Tj5 and tj6 are distributed in the northeast of the corridor.

Tj5, the foundation of platform No.5, is located at huiningfu site in Shangjing, Jin Dynasty. The surface layer is 0.2m-0.3m from the surface. The plane is square, rammed earth structure. It is 6.8-7 meters long from east to west and 6.7 meters wide from north to south. The western and southern parts of the base site of the station are close to the base sites of No. 3 and No. 4 stations. The outer walls of the East and north sides are covered with bricks and scattered water. Most of the bricks have not been preserved, only in the north and west section, there are wall bricks, seven layers of smooth masonry, with a height of 0.42 meters, and the bonding material between the brick joints is a mixture of soil and lime; the east side wall is damaged, only the foundation trench, with a width of 0.3 meters and a depth of 0.15 meters, in which there are residual wall bricks, and the east wall in the foundation trench has lime wall skin. No other architectural remains are found on the No.5 platform foundation, which is about 0.4m-0.6m high. It is speculated that tj5 is a platform building.

Tj6, the No.6 platform foundation of huiningfu site in Shangjing of Jin Dynasty, is about 0.3 meters away from the surface. It is a plane rectangle, located in the east of tj5. In the rammed earth structure, there are brick walls around the abutment, and there are scattered water laid by square bricks outside the brick walls. It is 6.3 meters long from east to west, 1.8 meters wide from north to south, 0.4-0.6 meters wide with brick wall outside, 0.45 meters wide with apron and 0.4 meters high with remnant. There are one pier on the East and one pier on the west of the platform, with a distance of 3.8m. It is speculated that tj6 may be the foundation of pailou architecture. In the southeast of the corridor, Tj7 and tj8 are distributed, and they are connected by brick wall.

Tj7, the No.7 platform foundation of huiningfu site in Shangjing of Jin Dynasty, is a rammed earth structure with a distance of 0.1m-0.15m from the surface. Its west is connected with the south of TJ3. The excavated part is about 14 meters long from east to west and 1.5-3.7 meters wide from north to south. The south end extends to the outside of the excavation area. There are three buttresses arranged in east-west direction, with a spacing of 3 meters. There are brick wall and brick apron outside the rammed earth foundation.

Tj8, the No.8 platform foundation of huiningfu site in Shangjing of Jin Dynasty, is a rammed earth structure with the surface layer 0.15m away from the surface. The plane of the excavated part is similar to a curved ruler, and the southern and Eastern sides extend beyond the excavation area. Three buttresses are distributed in the middle of the area, with a spacing of 3 meters. A large area of square brick paving remains on the platform foundation. A small amount of bricks are left outside the rammed earth abutment, and the width of the groove is 0.5m. Tj7 and tj8 have not been fully exposed, only a small part of them have been excavated. From the point of view of the column network structure, it should also be a part of the foundation of the large hall site. Between the east section of the corridor and the No.7 and No.8 foundations, there are drainage ditches, wells and other ancillary facilities.

The drainage ditch of huiningfu site in Shangjing of Jin Dynasty, namely SG1, is located in the south side of tj4 (the south side of the East-West corridor). The plane is rectangular, roughly parallel to tj4 and slightly curved. The inclined wall has a flat bottom and is high in the West and low in the East. The slope height difference is 0.3m. The exposed length is 15m. The upper opening is 0.45m-0.6m wide and the bottom is 0.56m wide. The ditch walls on both sides are constructed with 0.4 × 0.2 × 0.06m bricks in parallel staggered joints White ash pointing. The north part of the ditch wall is well preserved, and the depth of the ditch is 0.7m. The south part of the ditch wall only has four layers of residual bricks at the bottom, which can be roughly identified. Part of the ditch bottom is well preserved, and it is laid with transverse staggered joints. Most of them are laid with 0.38 × 0.38 × 0.06m square bricks. The top of the brick is reserved at the depth of 0.4m below the brick wall foundation in the west, with a residual length of 1.9m. The brick is flat up to the ditch bottom, with a depth of 0.6m. The arch height of the brick is 0.1M. The brick is built with rectangular brick, and the brick specification is 0.4 × 0.2 × 0.06m. From the location, the drainage ditch is located in the south of the eastern corridor. The upper part of the drainage ditch is closed by the top of the ticket, and it runs east-west, parallel to the corridor, and continues to extend eastward. It is an open channel drainage facility.

The well of huiningfu site, SJ1, is 1.2 meters away from the surface. The upper surface of the well is elliptical

Chinese PinYin : Jin Shang Jing Hui Ning Fu Yi Zhi