Ancient Niangniang Temple

Ancient Niangniang Temple

At the beginning of its establishment, Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of Shu Han Dynasty, personally selected the site for the construction of the Taoist temple, and served as the main sacrificial wine of the ancestral temple. Later, his disciples and disciples took charge of it. After the Jin Dynasty, Tianshi Taoism unified all the Taoism sects in Sichuan, and the ancient Niangniang Temple also developed into an important Taoist temple in Chengdu

geographical position

The ancient Niangniang Temple in Chengdu is located in the northwest corner of Manjusri courtyard. It can be accessed from Da'an West Road to the east of Wanfu bridge on Renmin middle road. It is at the corner of ximadao street. It can also be seen from Manjusri lane to ximadao street in the east of Manjusri courtyard, and the guide sign of "ancient Niangniang Temple and Taoist temple" can be seen at the west corner.

Temple Landscape

Entering the ancient Niangniang Temple, on the left side of the main hall is the sitting statue of the moral God of the supreme Taoist, white eyebrow and white beard, holding a green banana fan, with a peaceful look; on the right side is the sitting statue of a princess, with a dignified manner, like the former God. On the card, there is a big word: "empress Cui, the northern Princess of Shu Han". A large censer was placed in the middle of the yard. On the opposite side of the hall is the Jade Emperor Pavilion, which is a two-story black tile wood structure building.

Historical records

The ancient Niangniang Temple, formerly known as Guangsheng palace, was originally built in the Shuhan Dynasty. It was originally the grand temple of Liu Bei's family. When the Wei army came to Chengdu, the later leader Liu Chan ordered to surrender according to the policy of doctor Jiao Zhou. His son Liu Chen, the king of the northern region, devoted himself to saving the country, but could not do anything unfilial. He wept and worshipped his ancestors in the imperial temple. The princess Cui Niang and her children died here. Liu Chen, the king of the northern region, came to his grandfather zhaolie Emperor (Huiling) and sacrificed his life to death. Later, people worshipped empress Cui in memory of her royal concubine, and formed the custom of "sending her to get married" on March 3, hence the name of the ancient empress temple. Since ancient times, Qixuan, the ninth patriarch, has lived here without any disputes.

At the beginning of the liberation of Chengdu, there was a lot of waste waiting for prosperity. The ancient Niangniang Temple provided relief for the country and lent most of the real estate, open space and furniture free of charge as cooperative production organizations and residents' homes. The real estate and business of this ancient Taoist temple depend on Master Sun Zhixing, who was born in April 2004. He has been practicing Taoism and guarding the temple for 80 years. According to the statistics of "Chengdu City records. Religious records" in 1956: Niangniang Temple, No. 50, ximadao street, 16.4 mu. In September 2004, Ma Xiaoju, Zhang Zhongqing, Li Xinghui and other 13 members of the Chengdu Municipal Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference jointly submitted a proposal and issued a cry: "rescue and repair the ancient Niangniang Temple in the rescue protection project planning of the Manjusri temple area at the same time, so as to make this famous Taoist relic shine again. The ancient Niangniang Temple is a historic site with important historical and cultural connotations, and it is not only the only remaining one in Chengdu except Qingyang palace It is a Taoist temple with great tourism and cultural development value. Therefore, it is suggested that the ancient Niangniang Temple should be restored while the Manjusri temple area is being saved and protected. "

In January 2005, in view of the "business card" effect of the ancient Niangniang Temple, 40 members of Chengdu Municipal Association once again jointly proposed "bringing the restoration and protection of the ancient Niangniang Temple into the reconstruction plan of the religious, historical and cultural area of the Manjusri temple as soon as possible", and called for the protection of the original site. In the same month, Mr. Wang Jiayou, a famous scholar, wrote a letter calling on the relevant departments in Chengdu: the Niangniang Temple in Beimen is the ancestral temple of Liu's family, where Princess Liu Chen died in the kingdom of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms. It must not be moved or rebuilt! The joint proposal of CPPCC members and the handwritten appeal of famous scholars have attracted extensive reports from various media reporters. On July 15, 2005, according to Sichuan online West China Metropolis Daily, 13 CPPCC members in Chengdu jointly submitted a proposal calling for attention to the survival of Liu Bei's family temple, the ancient Niangniang Temple. After the report, Chengdu's Cultural Bureau, Religious Bureau and other relevant departments attached great importance to it. To this end, "Chengdu Municipal Planning Bureau made a reply, making it clear that the ancient Niangniang Temple will be included in the city's historical buildings for protection this year, and corresponding protection measures will be taken. The relevant person in charge of the Bureau said that at present, the Chengdu Municipal Bureau of culture has made a "request for instructions on issues related to the protection of the ancient Niangniang Temple" to the municipal government. The Chengdu Municipal Planning Bureau will actively communicate and cooperate with the Bureau of culture, and will issue specific restoration and protection plans for the ancient Niangniang Temple as soon as possible However, at the critical moment when people patiently wait for the Chengdu Municipal Planning Bureau and the Cultural Bureau to issue specific restoration and protection plans for the ancient Niangniang Temple as soon as possible, on August 14, 2007, without any demolition notice and approval and consent from relevant departments, Bainian company came to demolish the temple without authorization. In order to maintain the historical and cultural "business card" of the Three Kingdoms and the dignity of the Taoist sect, the indignant Taoists and residents vowed to protect the temple. As a result, the migrant workers of the century old company beat the Taoists and injured them and used hammers as lethal weapons to continue to commit crimes. After the incident, the Religious Bureau, Taoist Association, street and police station and other functional departments came to the scene, and the Centennial company was forced to stop demolishing the temple. The next day, the residents questioned the functional departments and Centennial company. But at this time, the workers of Centennial company beat a female resident in front of the public security organ, resulting in serious injury. They sewed more than ten stitches. Shortly after the National Day in October 2010, when people responded to Chengdu's call to build a "modern international garden city" and proposed to restore the custom of "seeing your mother off on March 3" in the ancient Niangniang Temple, and make the Niangniang Temple a new highlight and "business card" of the historical and cultural tourism of the Three Kingdoms and the cultural image of the city, the Manjusri temple did not show any legal documents In this case, it attempts to recreate the farce of plundering, occupying and destroying the ancient Niangniang Temple. Regulations on the administration of places for religious activities: "Article 30 the land legally used by religious organizations and places for religious activities, the houses, structures and facilities legally owned or used, as well as other legitimate property and income, shall be protected by law. No organization or individual may occupy, plunder, privately divide, damage or illegally seal up, detain, freeze, confiscate or dispose of the lawful property of religious organizations or places for religious activities, or damage the cultural relics possessed or used by religious organizations or places for religious activities. Article 33 where houses or structures of religious organizations or places for religious activities need to be demolished due to urban planning or construction of key projects, the demolisher shall consult with the religious organizations or places for religious activities and seek the opinions of relevant religious affairs departments. If the parties agree to demolish through consultation, the demolisher shall rebuild the houses and structures to be demolished, or make compensation according to the market evaluation price of the houses and structures to be demolished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state. "

In 2013, with the efforts of many parties, the ancient Niangniang Temple was approved as a legal religious open place. Ancient Niangniang Temple in Chengdu, Sichuan ancient Niangniang Temple in Chengdu, Sichuan is located at No. 50, ximadao street, east of the south end of Wanfu bridge, outside the back wall of Manjusri courtyard in ancient woods. According to the statistics of "Chengdu City records. Religious records" in 1956: Niangniang Temple, No. 50, ximadao street, 16.4 mu. The ancient Niangniang Temple was located under the Seven Star platform at the root of the city wall in the north gate of the ancient city of Chengdu. There was once a seven star well in the temple, but it is now buried. Chen Liqing, who is now in charge of the ancient Niangniang Temple, said that her master, sun Zhixing, told us that the ancient Niangniang Temple had five main halls and many fields. There were 29 and a half rooms. According to the latest statistics, the remaining construction area is 2 mu 5 fen 9% 2, equivalent to about 1500 square meters. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the ancient Niangniang Temple was rebuilt. The ancient Niangniang Temple, formerly known as Guangsheng palace, was built in the Shuhan period. It was originally the residence of the "king of Beidi" (the grandson of emperor zhaolie). In 263, the state of Wei attacked Shu on a large scale. General Deng AI led his troops across Yinping pass and came to Chengdu. Liu Chan, the master of Shu, listened to slander and asked to surrender without fighting. His fifth son, Liu Chen, the king of Beidi, insisted on his integrity and refused to surrender. He went home with his wife, Mrs. Cui, in agony and decided to sacrifice his whole family to the country. At last, Mrs. Cui was killed on the pillar. Liu Chen killed three young sons and came to the Hanshi temple with his wife's head. He cried and said, "I'm ashamed to see that my foundation has been abandoned to others, so I'll kill my wife first, and then I'll give my life to my ancestors! If the ancestor has spirit, he will know the heart of the sun! " Crying, bleeding in my eyes, committing suicide. Later, people worshipped and commemorated the princess at the royal family of Beidi, forming the custom of "sending the empress to marry" on March 3, which gave the ancient empress Temple its name. Nowadays, most of the houses have been used as dwellings and warehouses. However, in the shrine of the empress's hall, there was a tablet with a picture of the emperor. The owner of the house is an 80 year old Taoist friend named sun Yuangao, who said he was a monk at the age of 8 and has been guarding the temple for more than 70 years. It's a shame that the descendants of Shu people are ashamed to express themselves in Sichuan Opera. One of the famous aria "killing the family and telling the temple" is a touching story that has been sung here for thousands of years. The heroic death of Cui Niangniang and Liu Chen shows the loyalty, temperament and ambition of naizu Liu Bei and his brothers. Princess Cui is supposed to be in good health, but when it comes to the moment, what she lost was to defend the dignity of the Shu Han Royal family and the vow to follow Liu Chen underground. Duckweed floats in the wind, which avoids the loss of the country. If you don't learn from the twists and turns of empress Xiao, the emperor of Sui Yang, you can be at ease

Chinese PinYin : Gu Niang Niang Miao