Suzhou Creek

Suzhou Creek

The Suzhou River, the tributary of the Changjiang River, the Shanghai section of the Huangpu River tributary, commonly known as the Shanghai section of the Wusong River, is generally recognized by the people: it comes from the Beijing Xinjing River in the downtown area of the city and the Huangpu River on the east side of the outer white bridge. Sometimes it also refers to the whole section of Wusong River.

The Suzhou River was the center of Shanghai's formation and development at first, which gave birth to almost half of ancient Shanghai, and then became the water framework of building an international metropolis Shanghai in 100 years. The downstream of Suzhou River is called "hudu"

, is the name source of Shanghai abbreviation.

The origin of the name

The name of Suzhou River began in the middle of the 19th century when Shanghai opened its port. Some adventurous foreign immigrants sailed from Shanghai to Suzhou via the Wusong River, so they called it "Suzhou River". In 1848, when Shanghai Daotai Lingui signed an agreement with the British Consul in Shanghai to expand the British concession, he formally wrote Wusong River as "Suzhou River" for the first time. From then on, the name of "Suzhou River" gradually became popular.

However, the name of the river was not clear at that time, and there were many opinions among the people. The publication of Shanghai General annals in early 2004 actually referred to the river section in Shanghai.

Main stream situation

For the Suzhou River, please refer to Wusong River.

According to the Shanghai chronicle, after the opening of Shanghai as a port, the Wusong River in Shanghai was called Suzhou River.

According to popular saying, it starts in North Xin Jing, flows through Putuo District, Jingan District, Hongkou District, Huangpu District, and ends at the mouth of the outer white bridge. The outer Baidu bridge enters Huangpu River.

In hydrology, the Suzhou river has entered Shanghai from Shanghai to Qingpu. The length is about 53.1 kilometers, and the territory is the most wide and 600~700 meters. The most narrow 40~50 meters in the urban area are tortuous and changeable. There are 9 sharp curves from north to Jingbai to the outer white bridge, with a radius of 40~150 meters and a width of 15~20 meters wide at the bottom of the river.

hydrographic features

The average flow rate is only 10 m3 / s, which is close to zero in dry season. At low water level, the water depth is about 2 meters.

Hekou (Huangpu Park Station) has an average high tide level of 3.12 meters and 1.83 meters; Beixinjing has an average high tide level of 2.78 meters, an average tidal range of 0.72 meters and a maximum tidal level of 4.14 meters (September 16, 1928). The velocity of tidal river in plain is very slow, generally 0.1-0.2 M / s, and the velocity at the highest tide is only 0.58 M / s. This situation determines that it has a natural weakness. If it is polluted, it is easy to leave long-term effects.

The total supply of surface water in Shanghai is 59.35 billion cubic meters, and the local runoff is 1.86 billion cubic meters, accounting for 3.1%.

Zhejiang luqiaoshui station is set up on Suzhou River in Jing'an District.

Main tributaries

Mudu port

Mudu port is located in the west of Putuo District. Also known as Mudu port, Mudong port. It starts from Xiqiu River in the north, crosses Jinshajiang Road and Yunling East Road in the south, and enters Suzhou River in the east of xinjingkou. It's about 2 kilometers long. In dry season, the water depth of the channel is about 1.4 meters, which can pass 15 ton ships.

Dongjiaojing

Dongjiaojing is located in Baoshan and Zhabei districts. It starts from wenzaobang in the north, passes through kangjiazhai, and enters zoumatang in the south to meet Pengyuepu. It is also called donggaojing. The second volume of Baoshan county annals of the Republic of China says: "dongjiaojing starts from Dachang zoumatang in the south, passes through Pu in the north, turns to the East and turns to the north, leaving wenzaobang." It's about five kilometers long. In dry season, the water depth of the channel is 1.9 meters, and it can pass 20 ton ships.

Xiqiu River

Xiqiu river is located in Jiading District and Putuo District, south of Shanghai Nanjing railway. It starts from Fengbang, passes Jiangqiao to the East, passes over xinchapu, passes Zhaqiao to Zhenbei Road, enters the urban area, turns to the east of huimudu port, and enters Taopu via Changfeng Ercun. The ancient Qiujiang river was originally located in the lower reaches of Wusong River. Due to the development of river bends and the poor flow of water, it was built many times after the Northern Song Dynasty, and a new river was opened. The remaining old river is called the old river. The homonym of "old" and "Qiu" is also called the Qiujiang river. After 1949, after several large-scale dredging in 1954, 1972 and 1980, the river was cut and straightened, and many rivers were reclaimed to build houses and roads. Only the west, middle and east river sections were left, among which the west section of Taopu River (West Section) was renamed Xiqiu River in 1981 to distinguish it from the east section of Qiujiang river. The river course is silted and shallow, and the section from the east of xinchapu to Mudu port is classified as grade 8 channel. The river is 13.26 meters wide on the surface, 4-8 meters wide at the bottom, 1 meter high at the bottom, 0.88 meters deep at the bottom, and 2.83 meters high at the top. It is navigable for 10 ton ships, mainly used for transportation and drainage. The river water is seriously polluted.

* zoumatang

Zoumatang is located in Jiading, Hongkou and Baoshan. From Fengbang in the west, to the northeast, it flows through Nanxiang and Dachang Town, and to Jiangwan Town, Songhu railway connects xiaojipu. It is about 20.8km long, 6m wide and 0m high. From zoumatang to the east of Jiangwan Town, there are two branches: the south branch goes to shenjiaxing city via Qiujiang River to enter Huangpu River, and the north branch goes to yuanchanghe River and qianjiabang to enter Huangpu River. Now the section from the east of xiaojipu to the northwest corner of Fudan University has been filled. It is said that Han Shizhong, a famous general of anti Jin Dynasty in the Southern Song Dynasty, was stationed in Jiangwan and Dachang, where he traveled on horseback. He also said that zoumatang was once called Qianxi and qianjiabang because it was chiseled by qianliu, king of Wu and Yue. It is navigable to ships of 10-15 tons. Apart from the polluted water quality in the urban section, the rest of the river sections benefit from irrigation, benefiting about 1100 hectares of farmland.

Taopu

Taopu is located in Baoshan District and Putuo District. Starting from wenzaobang in Baoshan District in the north, passing Dachang in the south, zoumatang, yangjiaqiao and Zhenru Town, Caoyang New Village and Xiqiu river. It was once named Taoxi or taoshupu. In the past, there were many kinds of peach trees on both sides of the Strait, so it was named. It's about 11 kilometers long. The water quality is seriously polluted by chemical wastewater, which is black and smelly all year round.

Zhenru port

Zhenru port is located in the northeast of Putuo District. Generally, liyuanbang and tanziwan on the North Bank of the lower reaches of Suzhou River are called zhenrugang. From Zhenru town to Taopu in the west, to Caoyang Road, xujiaqiao, Shiquan new village and Guangxin road in the East, to Shanghai No.2 grease factory, and then to Suzhou River. It's about five kilometers long. The river course is curved and has become shallower and shallower, passing through small boats of 5-10 tons.

* Peng Yuepu

Pengyuepu is located in Zhabei and Putuo districts. In the Yuan Dynasty, a Pengwang temple was built in today's Pengpu natural town beside pupang to worship Pengyue, the great general of Liu Bang in the Western Han Dynasty who destroyed Chu, and to suppress Chaoshen, so it was named Pengyuepu or penggongpu for short. It starts from zoumatang in the north, passes Pengpu natural town in the south, and ends at tanziwan and enters Suzhou River. It's seven kilometers long. During the dry season, the water depth of the channel is 1.0-1.5 meters, and it can pass through 10-20 ton boats.

Xinjing port

Xinjing port is located in the middle of Minhang District. It was called xinjingpu in ancient times and Xinjing in Ming, Qing and Republic of China. Because of the same name as Xinjing River in the northeast of Jiading District, it was renamed Xinjing port. Originally, it flowed northeast from liuleitang near Zhuanqiao Town, crossed chunshentang, Dianpu River and Puhuitang, passed Chengjiaqiao, reached Beixinjing town in the north and entered Suzhou River. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the upper reaches of the river had been silted up and become land. Now only 11 kilometers of the river from Dianpu River to Suzhou River are left. In dry season, the water depth is 0.8-1.3 meters. It can navigate 10-20 ton ships and benefit about 2000 hectares of farmland. In ancient times, when the Suzhou River was flooded, the river water could enter Xinjing port in the South and Huangpu River into the sea through liuleitang.

New Chapu

Xinchapu is located at the junction of Jiading, Putuo and Baoshan. In 1977, sunjigang, zhongchapu, Yangjing, puhuatang and other rivers were dredged to form a river, which was collectively called xinchapu. The river starts from the North Bank of Suzhou in the south, flows through Xiqiu River, zhongchapu and zoumatang in the north, and flows into wenzaobang through Jiangqiao, Taopu and Qilian towns. It is about 9.8 km long. The river bottom elevation is - 1 m, which can pass 100 ton barge.

General situation of River Basin

climate

Suzhou River Basin has a north subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and abundant rainfall. The climate is mild and humid, with short spring and autumn and long winter and summer. The annual average temperature is 17.5 ℃, sunshine is 1534.7 hours, and precipitation is 1512.8 mm. About 70% of the annual rainfall is concentrated in the flood season from May to September.

Economic society

Although the water potential of Wusong River was gradually captured by Huangpu after the Yuan Dynasty, and the economic and cultural center of gravity also shifted from Qinglong Town in the middle reaches of the river to the lower reaches, the economic activities around the Suzhou river bank continued and became more and more developed.

According to many local records, from the early 19th century to the 1930s, Suzhou River has been the main waterway from Shanghai to nearby urban and rural areas for more than a century. The main reason, of course, was that the land transportation network at that time was far less developed and cheaper than water transportation. A large number of consumer goods, fuels, raw materials and finished products of factories all depended on water transportation. Many of the passenger lines from Shanghai to Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Suzhou and Xichang were set up between Henan North Road and Zhejiang North Road, which made Suzhou River the largest gathering place of inland liner passenger transport in Shanghai at that time. At the same time, there are cargo ships and cargo terminals. The most important goods are raw silk cocoons, hemp palm bristles, tea, rice wine, fish, fruits and vegetables, sand and stone building materials, etc., which are imported to Shanghai for consumption or exported overseas through Shanghai. There are also a large number of imported goods such as "foreign oil", "foreign cloth", "foreign fire" and "foreign ginseng" and the north-south goods which come to Shanghai through coastal transportation, which are scattered to Hangzhou, Jiahu and Suzhou Wuxi through Suzhou River Area.

In modern Shanghai, the earliest factories for ship building, flour, cotton textile, silk weaving, chemical industry, metallurgical machinery, and even water, electricity and coal appliances appeared one after another

Chinese PinYin : Su Zhou He