Jingpo Lake World Geopark

Heilongjiang Jingpohu National Geopark

synonym

Jingpohu World Geopark generally refers to Heilongjiang Jingpohu National Geopark

Heilongjiang Jingpohu National Geopark is located in Ning'an City, Southeast of Heilongjiang Province, 97 kilometers away from Mudanjiang city. The total area of the park is 1400 square kilometers. In August 2005, Jingpohu World Geopark was approved as a national geopark by the Ministry of land and resources; in September 2006, it was approved as a World Geopark by UNESCO.

Heilongjiang Jingpohu National Geopark not only has typical, rare, systematic and complete volcanic geological relic landscape, water landscape, canyon wetland and other natural geological landscape, but also contains the eternal mystery of Haidong prosperous country. Jingpo Lake World Geopark is a comprehensive scenic spot for scientific research, summer vacation, sightseeing, vacation and cultural exchange activities.

Historical evolution

Jingpo Lake was called Meituo Lake in ancient times and Meituo River in Hanshu geography. In the second year of Yonghui reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty (651 AD), it was called AB River (also known as Bulong Lake), later called erhaijin. In the first year of Kaiyuan reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (713 AD), it was called huhanhai. In Ming Dynasty, it was called Jingpo Lake. In Qing Dynasty, it was called bilteng lake, which means water level as a mirror. During the Anti Japanese War, it was also called Jingpo Lake.

Jingpo Lake area has a long history. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, there were activities of Sushen people in Yinggeling, songyigou, Weizigou, Bohai Town, etc.

In the 14th year of Tang Tianbao (755 A.D.), daqinmao, the third king of Bohai, moved his capital from the old country (now the southwest chengshanzi of Dunhua county) to Bohai town in Ning'an City, which is known as "Shangjing Longquan mansion", governs 5 capitals, 15 prefectures, 62 prefectures and 103 counties, and is historically known as "haidongsheng kingdom". It has been passed on to the 15th generation of the country for 229 years.

In the first year of Tang Tiancheng (926 AD), Bohai State was destroyed by Khitan and changed to Dongdan state.

In the third year of Tiancheng in the later Tang Dynasty (928 AD), the Khitan people rose again and moved a large number of Bohai people to the hinterland of Khitan in the Xilamulun River and Laoha river basin to establish prefectures and counties, and burned palace cities, which led to the complete disintegration of the Bohai State, social chaos, and urban and rural waste.

In the Late Jin Dynasty, general Pu xianwannu betrayed Jin.

In 1215 A.D., ningzong of Southern Song Dynasty established a Dazhen kingdom in Mudanjiang. He called himself the king of heaven and changed his name to Tiantai, which was called Dongzhen (Xia) kingdom in history.

In the sixth year of shaoding (1233 A.D.) of the Southern Song Dynasty, it was conquered by the yuan army and returned to its hometown, which was under the jurisdiction of wanhu government.

In 1666 ad, Emperor Kangxi ordered the general office of ningguta to move to today's Ning'an to manage Ning'an (including Jingpo Lake).

In the first year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty (1909 AD), the vice governor of the government was dismissed and changed into the office of flag affairs. Suifen hall was upgraded to Suifen mansion. In the following year, Suifen mansion was changed to Ning'an mansion.

In 1929, the office of Ning'an county was changed to the government of Ning'an County, and the magistrate was changed to the county magistrate, with three branches.

In the first year of the puppet Datong (1932 AD), the Tianye troops and Shangtian detachment of the Japanese invading army invaded Ning'an City, which was called Ning'an County Office.

During the Anti Japanese War, the Japanese made many investigations in the area of Jingpo Lake, cutting trees, excavating cultural relics and historic sites, and building underground power plants. At the same time, the heroes of the Anti Japanese Federation also had activities in this area.

In 1949, it was changed to the people's Government of Ning'an County, and was assigned to Songjiang province.

In 1954, it was assigned to Heilongjiang Province. In the 1950s, Harbin Institute of technology built several Russian style wooden houses in the west of Baoyue Bay of Jingpo Lake, which were called Jingpo villa. Later, some units set up sanatoriums here. Jingpo Lake has gradually become a summer resort, holiday resort and tourist resort, and the villa has also become an ideal service reception center.

In 1980, Ning'an was changed to the county people's government, and the Jingpo Lake Scenic Area Administration Bureau was established, which covers the Jingpo Lake, the Crater National Forest Park, the Bohai State site and other areas.

In 1982, the first batch of national scenic spots and natural reserves were approved and promoted by the State Council.

In 1993, Ningan county was changed into a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Mudanjiang City, and the crater Forest Park was approved as a national forest park.

In September 2001, with the approval of the people's Government of Heilongjiang Province, the Management Committee of Jingpohu scenic spot nature reserve of Heilongjiang Province was established, which was subordinate to the people's Government of Mudanjiang city. The overall plan of Jingpohu scenic spot (2001-2020) was formulated, and was rated as a civilized scenic tourism demonstration site by the Central Committee of civilization, the Ministry of construction and the National Tourism Administration.

In August 2002, the reserve was rated as AAAA scenic spot by the National Tourism Administration.

In 2003, it was approved as a provincial Geopark by Heilongjiang Provincial Department of land and resources, and the Management Committee of Jingpohu World Geopark in Heilongjiang Province was established.

geographical environment

Location context

Heilongjiang Jingpohu National Geopark is located in Ning'an City, Southeast of Heilongjiang Province, in the middle and upper reaches of Mudanjiang River Basin. The park covers an area of 1400 square kilometers and its geographical coordinates are 128 ° 30 ′ 00 ″ - 129 ° 11 ′ 00 ″ E and 43 ° 43 ′ 34 ″ - 44 ° 17 ′ 55 ″ n.

topographic features

Heilongjiang Jingpohu National Geopark is located between zhangguangcailing and Laoyeling mountains. There are 16 craters in the northwest. The mountain is undulating, with a slope of 15 ° to 20 ° in general, and the southeast is relatively flat. The geomorphic types in the area are mainly composed of middle mountain steep slope terrain, middle low mountain and Low Mountain hilly plain.

geology

The geological structure of Jingbohu National Geopark in Heilongjiang Province is mainly composed of granite, perlite and basalt. The Volcanic Group in the northwest of the park has been erupting continuously since one million years ago, forming a basalt platform with a length of more than 100 li. The lava of the last volcanic eruption about 4800 years ago blocked the Mudanjiang River course, forming the world's largest volcanic lava barrier lake Jingpo Lake, as well as a series of lakes such as Xiaobei lake, Zhuangxin lake, yuanyangchi lake, etc.

Climatic characteristics

Heilongjiang Jingpohu National Geopark has a temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, dry and windy in spring, warm and rainy in summer, short autumn and sufficient sunshine, and long cold winter. The annual average temperature is 3.6 ℃, the highest temperature is 36.2 ℃, the lowest temperature is - 36.7 ℃, the annual average rainfall is 506.4 mm, the longest continuous rainfall is 7-8 days, and the annual rainfall days are about 100 days. The rainy season is concentrated in July and August, and the average frost fall period is from October 19 to April 28 of the next year, and the average snowfall day is 172.7 days. The early frost appears in late September and the late frost ends in early May. The frost free period is about 150 days. In the area, there are more southwest wind in spring and northwest wind in winter. The annual dominant wind direction is southwest wind, and the static wind frequency is 30.3%. The maximum wind force is generally in March and April, and the minimum wind force is in June and July. The annual average wind speed is 2.9m/s. The average freezing period of the lake was December 10, and the average thawing period of the lake water was April 20. The average ice thickness of the lake water was 0.83M, and the average soil freezing thickness was 1.42M. From May to September every year, the average temperature is 10 ~ 20 ℃.

hydrology

The water system of Jingpohu National Geopark in Heilongjiang Province is mainly Mudanjiang River and its tributaries. It has the characteristics of rapid flow, high speed of runoff distribution, less sediment content, large annual runoff, obvious seasonal variation of runoff and long glacial period.

natural resources

plant resources

The vegetation of Jingpohu National Geopark in Heilongjiang Province is well protected, and the vegetation coverage rate is more than 90%. The park belongs to temperate broad-leaved mixed forest. The typical vegetation is Korean pine forest, Korean pine broad-leaved mixed forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest. The main tree species are: Korean pine, larch, Scotch pine and basswood, fir, Fraxinus mandshurica, elm, birch, etc.

Animal resources

There are more than 50 kinds of wild animals and 40 kinds of birds in Xiaobei lake, northwest of Jingpo Lake National Geopark, such as leopard, bear, fox, roe deer, deer, mandarin duck, pheasant and duck.

Park Planning

Heilongjiang Jingpohu National Geopark is divided into seven geological heritage scenic spots, namely: crater forest scenic spot, lava River scenic spot, waterfall scenic spot, Jingpohu scenic spot, lava platform scenic spot, xiaobeihu scenic spot, toad pond volcanic cone scenic spot; four scenic spots, namely crater forest, lava River, waterfall and Jingpohu, are the core scenic spots of the Geopark.

Scenic spot landscape

Diaoshuilou waterfall

Diaoshuilou waterfall is located at the north end of Jingpo. It is a super natural source (world-class) of the scenic spot, similar to the world-famous Niagara Falls. During the normal water period, the width of the waterfall is generally 50-60 meters, with a drop of 12 meters. However, in the flood season, the highest drop is only more than 10 meters, and the maximum width of the waterfall can reach more than 400 meters. From the south, West and north directions, the waterfall pours directly at Heilongtan from the top of the lava wall. It's like floating clouds piled with snow and white fog splashing all over the place. A hundred meters away, it's like water drops on the pavement. It's also like the Milky Way hanging upside down, color training cliff, galloping and roaring like thunder. Together with Huangguoshu waterfall in Guizhou, Hukou waterfall in Huanghe, NuoRiLang waterfall in Jiuzhaigou, Wenlong waterfall in Taiwan and Sandiequan waterfall in Lushan, they are known as six famous waterfalls in China.

Bailichang Lake

Chinese PinYin : Jing Bo Hu Shi Jie Di Zhi Gong Yuan