Wenjin Pavilion

Wenjin Pavilion

Wenjin Pavilion, located in the west of the plain area of summer resort, was built in 1774 and rebuilt in 1954. Build a "Tianyi Pavilion" in Zhejiang Province, which imitates the architecture of Ming Dynasty in French style. The exterior is two-story, but actually three-story. There is a dark layer in the pavilion, so that the sunlight can't directly reach the library. Interior painting is also very elegant. Dark green columns, blue envelopes, volumes and white book ends are mainly in cool colors, giving people a quiet atmosphere.

Historical evolution

Wenjin Pavilion is located in the north of Qianchi snow scenic area. Built in the 39th year of Qianlong reign (1774 AD), it is the first of the four Pavilions in the inner court. Emperor Qianlong was very proud to build a pavilion here to store books. He thought that "the villa is located outside the Great Wall, a desolate place in Yigu, but now it is a place where people are getting richer and richer, where rites and music are flourishing. The pavilion in Yizi Wenjin stores books in Four Treasuries, which is more spiritual than Sima Qian's collection of famous mountains." In addition, every year the emperors and ministers, leaders of all ethnic groups and foreign envoys gather in the villa to build the Royal Library here, which can also flaunt the literary and martial arts of the Chinese dynasty. In Wenjin Pavilion, there were ten thousand volumes of the collection of ancient and modern books and four volumes of imperial poems. In 1785, Sikuquanshu was also collected here. After the revolution of 1911, Sikuquanshu was transported to Beijing Library, and gujinshujiji was stolen and sold by warlords in the early years.

Wenjin Pavilion Jiawu

There are three types of complete works: one is printed, the other is transcribed, and only the bibliography is kept. Its publisher, in order to facilitate the world, used wuyingdian rare edition to brush and print, but the margin was quite small. According to the example of Yongle grand ceremony, Yuanxing copied the original and prepared the storage of Tianlu. They are all four parts: one is to store the prosperous capital to prosper the king, one is to store the Wenyuan Pavilion in the imperial garden, and the other is to store the summer resort. This is the reason why Wenjin pavilion was built. Gaiyuan is the source, and the source must have flow, so the tribes are divided. If you want to trace the origin of a branch, you must first know its origin. If you don't know its origin, you'll get lost and lose your way. You'll be ridiculed for cutting off Hong Kong! Therefore, the second beauty of wood lies in the sky, and the name of Longmen lies in the earth. As Liu Xie said, the beauty of Tao and image is not the result of speech, but the result of learning. Ranfu, a mountain villa outside the Great Wall, is a desolate place in Yigu. Now, Yan Rifu, a famous poet, is thriving in rites and music. Yizi Wenjin's pavilion, which stores books from Four Treasuries, is better than Sima Qian's collection of famous mountains.

geographical position

Wenjin Pavilion is located in the west of the plain area of Rehe Palace (now Chengde City, Hebei Province) summer resort. It was built in 1774 in the 39th year of Qianlong reign. It was modeled after Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. It is not only an important collection of books in Qing Dynasty, but also a small garden with characteristics.

It has collected 3503 kinds of books, 79337 volumes and 3.63 million volumes. It is a valuable cultural heritage. Hongli (Emperor Qianlong) wrote in wenjinge Ji: "if you want to trace its origin from its branches, you must first care about the knowledge of its body fluid." This sentence means "Wenjin".

Cultural heritage

During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, in order to collect the complete collection of Sikuquanshu, seven Royal libraries were built throughout the country. Among them, Wenyuan Pavilion in Beijing Palace Museum, Wenyuan Pavilion in Yuanmingyuan, Wensu Pavilion in Shenyang Palace Museum and Wenjin Pavilion in Chengde summer resort are also known as the four northern pavilions or the four inner court libraries. Qianlong wrote in his poem for Wenjin Pavilion: "if you want to ask about the origin, you should look for Tianjin from now on." The last two words in these two poems are "Wen" and "Jin", which are homophonic with "Wen Jin". In the note to the poem, it is said that "the construction of the pavilion in the villa is named after Wenjin, the source of the imperial garden and the trace of the literature in the interior, all of which are captured by Jinjin." In order to trace the origin of culture, inherit cultural heritage, and prosper and develop modern culture, we must first find its place. Wenjin is the place where people cross the cultural River from one bank to the other.

Architectural features

From the appearance, Wenjin Pavilion is a two-story Pavilion, in fact, it is a three story Pavilion, with a dark layer in the middle. The dark layer is made of Phoebe, which can prevent insects and is a place to collect books. In the design of this pavilion, according to the statement of "Tian Sheng Sheng Shui" and "Di Liu Cheng Zhi" in the book of changes, the six couplets on the first floor are divided into six single rooms, while the six couplets on the top floor are connected into a large room, and "Di Liu" and "Tian Yi" are used to overcome fire. Wenjin Pavilion is surrounded by walls, facing south from north and facing water on three sides. From south to north, there are gate hall, rockery, pool, Wenjin Pavilion and stele Pavilion. In the northeast of the pavilion, there is a water gate connected with the water system of the villa. The water in front of the pavilion is clear. When people look into the pool at a specific position in front of the pavilion, they can see a crescent moon in the pool, shaking with the waves, but the sky is bright. It turns out that the gardener opened a semi-circular gap on the rockery in the south of the pool, which is like the moon on the first quarter. By using light, the reflection of the moon on the second quarter is formed in the water, forming a unique landscape of "the sun and the moon shine together". The South Bank of the pool is a unique rockery, with jagged rocks and powerful momentum.

Rockery covers an area of about 800 square meters, with 3279 cubic meters of stone, made of stone and chicken bone stone stack. There are two gates in front of and behind the rockery cave, and the structure is also quite ingenious. The cave is covered by rocks, which can be divided into hall, hall, window, hole, cave, etc. the wall of the cave is inlaid with chicken bone stone, deep and tortuous. There are several windows of different sizes, through which the faint light makes the grotesque rocks in the cave looming. On the mountain, there are Hengling, longitudinal peaks, gullies, bridges, hills and gullies. There are ten famous mountains, such as Bangchui mountain, Luohan mountain, Shuangta mountain, etc. in miniature, there are also the "Eighteen scholars climbing Yingzhou" shape, and the garden layout imitating Mi Fu's "baojinzhai". In the east of Wenjin Pavilion, there is a stele pavilion with four sharp corners, covered with yellow glazed tiles, and a stone tablet with a height of 5.34 meters is erected inside. The front of the tablet is engraved with Qianlong's Wenjin Pavilion, and the other three sides are engraved with three poems written by Qianlong.

On the occasion of the Mid Autumn Festival, when the sky is high and the air is clear, you can enjoy the moon on the "platform". However, you can see the old trees in the garden full of vigor and branches. A bright moon is rising, and a piece of silver is sprinkled on the earth. Suddenly, the villa is covered with silver, which makes it more clear and quiet. The plastic arts of wenjinge rockery concentrate the advantages of miweng baojinzhai and fanshitianyige. By using the traditional mountain folding techniques and combining with the majestic characteristics of the north, the style of wenjinge rockery is a majestic, powerful and majestic work of art, contrary to the small and exquisite style of the south.

"Records of Rehe" wrote: "Wenjin Pavilion and Zijin, Yuyuan three Pavilion remote confrontation, before the fun Pavilion, the East platform, West is Xishan, cover imitation of fan's rules, and the victory of mi'an

building structure

Wenjin Pavilion is built in the form of Fanshi Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, covering an area of 3600 square meters. The main building is composed of gate hall, rockery, pool, library, flower terrace, Quchi, mountain stone, moon gate, etc.

Wenjin pavilion has unique architectural modeling and landscaping techniques. There is a garden in the garden, which has its own climate. All around build low gray wall, internal and external canal separation. The three couplets of the gate hall face south, two rooms in depth, and a gate building behind them. There are three rooms in the east gate, one in the depth, and a corridor in the East. The six couplets of the main building face south, and the staircase in the west is two-thirds of the width, with a total length of 2602 meters; five rooms are deep, with corridors in front and back, with a total width of 14062 meters and a total height of 13085 meters. It has two layers of double eaves and three layers of internal structure. The middle-level library is completely covered by the bottom eaves to prevent direct sunlight. Wenjin Pavilion is designed and named according to the meaning of "water conquers fire" in the book of changes. The top six are interlinked, meaning "Tianyi", and the bottom six are separated, meaning "Diliu". A platform is built in front of the pavilion, and a pool is gathered under the platform. The moon is reflected in the pool, sometimes hidden and sometimes visible. Looking up at the sky, there is no moon. It's really a spectacle to see the curved moon. The rockery in the south of the pool is rugged, the pavilions are powerful, the ancient trees are towering, and the mosses are pregnant. Rockery has the shape of "Eighteen scholars ascend Yingzhou" and the miniature of ten famous mountains in Chengde.

In the east of the pavilion stands the monument of Wenjin Pavilion, which is 532 cm high, 138 cm wide and 58 cm thick. The stele, the body of the stele and the head of the stele are engraved with patterns of rolling and thunder. The front is engraved with Wenjin Pavilion in Manchu and Chinese characters, the back is engraved with Wenjin Pavilion, the east side is engraved with Siku shoujingyao, and the west side is engraved with Jian from Jiawu to Yiwei, all inscribed by Emperor Qianlong. Rockery was built behind the pavilion and stele, and several ancient pines were left behind.

There are four groups of buildings in front of Wenjin Pavilion, which have been destroyed and are now preserved. In the East is Qianchixue, modeled after Qianchixue in Hanshan of Jiangsu Province; in the west of Qianchixue, there is a group named Jingning Zhai, surrounded by an ambulatory. In the courtyard, the front and back buildings are separated by pools and water. Kangxi inscribed the building "Qingchang" and Qianlong inscribed the Zhai "Jingning". A group of famous architectural songs, water and lotus fragrance, were built according to Wang Xizhi's preface to the Orchid Pavilion, which were used by emperors and literati to play wine and recite poems. Another group of buildings in the East is the front Pavilion and the back hall. Qianlong inscribed yuqinxuan (Kangxi had inscribed pictures for self entertainment), with the couplet "the most quiet feeling, the only way to know leisure is to have nothing".

Where is the library

After the completion of Wenjin Pavilion, in 1782, Sikuquanshu was completed, with a total of seven copies, one of which was stored in Wenjin Pavilion. The seven Siku Quanshu have gone through ups and downs with the fate of China, only the collections in Wenjin pavilion are well preserved. In 1915, the wenjinge edition of Sikuquanshu was transported back to Beijing by the Ministry of internal affairs of the national government and stored in the antiquities preservation office. Later, it was handed over to the newly established capital library (the predecessor of the national library today) for preservation. As a result, it has become the treasure of the National Library.

According to the relevant historical records of the National Library of China, the wenjinge edition of Sikuquanshu was transported by the Ministry of internal affairs in 1915

Chinese PinYin : Wen Jin Ge