Hayinherwa Temple

Hayinherwa Temple

Hayinherwa temple is the most influential large temple in Xianghuang Banner, Inner Mongolia. It is about 9 kilometers away from the seat of Xianghuang Banner government. Now it is the only religious activity place of Tibetan Buddhism Lamaism in Xianghuang Banner.

history

It is said that in the 6th century B.C., Sakyamuni enlightened Buddhism under the bodhi tree in India and founded Buddhism. In the Western Han Dynasty, Buddhism began to spread to China. Later, after development, Buddhism divided into two systems, namely Mahayana Buddhism and Hinayana Buddhism. Mahayana Buddhism can be divided into Xianzong and Mizong. In the 7th century, master lianhuasheng introduced Tantric Buddhism to Tibet, and then fought with Bon religion repeatedly, infiltrated and integrated with each other. Finally, Tibetan Buddhism with Tibetan local characteristics was formed. Because in Tibetan Buddhist temples, monks who have obtained Buddhist degrees are called "lamas" in Tibetan, so people call Tibetan Buddhism "Lamaism". How did Tibetan Buddhism come into Mongolia? In fact, the introduction of Tibetan Buddhism into Inner Mongolia began in the Longqing and Wanli years of the Ming Dynasty (1567-1620). Looking back to the Yuan Dynasty, the red religion mainly spread among the Mongolian nobles. In Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, zongkaba, a native of Xining, carried out a reform of Lamaism, advocating "respect for Discipline" and asceticism, that is, not to marry, not to drink, not to kill and so on. After the Yuan Dynasty, during the reign of Anda Khan, the Mongolian area was repaired with the Ming Dynasty, and the primitive Shamanism and red religion were no longer suitable for the political needs at that time. In addition, the Yellow religion in Tibet also needed the support of Mongolian nobles. In this way, in 1578, atahan met with Dalai III at Yanghua temple in Qinghai Province and vowed to make a statue of Sakyamuni in gold. At the same time, atahan presided over a meeting of Yanghua temple. At this meeting, the Mongolian authorities and the monks of the Yellow religion reached a consensus, and the Yellow religion was introduced into Mongolia.

Hayinherwa temple in Xianghuang Banner was built in 1666, the fifth year of Kangxi. According to records, at that time, a Lama who came from Tibet to preach built a temple in Xianghuang Banner, which was called Mawang temple. During and after the construction of the temple, Wang Gongfu and his herdsmen had made great efforts to support it, and some herdsmen continued to send their children to the temple as lamas. More than ten years later, there are 50 or 60 monks in the temple. In 1709, Yundong, the general manager of Maqun, the capital of the Shang Dynasty, presented the construction and development of the temple to the imperial court. The emperor of the Qing Dynasty praised the temple very much and named it "Guangyi Temple" and gave it a 50 double silver Buddha named hayinherwa. After that, the temple was also called hayinherwa temple.

scale

When the Tibetan Lama died, Si Qin, a 19-year-old Lama, was selected as a reincarnated living Buddha from the temple. In the first year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, the 25-year-old Siqin living Buddha went to Tibet to make a pilgrimage to the seventh Dalai galasang Zamusu. The Dalai Lama awarded Siqin a degree of Cheri and granted the Buddhist law "zayage Sutra". When Siqin living Buddha was 32 years old (it was the eighth year of Qianlong's reign, 1743), he went to Tibet again to ask for the Dudie of Siqin Lama, and gave a Mongolian version of danzhur Sutra. The book is now kept in the library of Inner Mongolia Academy of Sciences.

Hayinheierwa temple was expanded several times in 1709, 1743 and 1791. By the end of the 18th century, it had a considerable scale. Since then, there have been two major expansion, one is the 11th year of Guangxu (1885), which expanded the chaokeqin hall to 81 rooms. At that time, there were 1500 monks in the temple. Another time was in the 25th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1899), when the living Buddha jimuyan Xidu of Tibet came to Beijing, the temple invited him to give lectures. More than 10000 monks from far and near came to worship, listen to lectures and give a lot of alms. The temple was expanded again. After the expansion, there are 2000 monks.

When the scale was the largest, the hayinherwa temple had five lhasans, 18 halls, five temples and more than 500 Lama houses. The main halls are: chaokeqin hall, Keri hall, duiyinker hall, Menba hall, lahi hall, etc. The five lhasans are: zhuotbalasan, ramallasan, duiyenkelasan, menbalasan and kerirasan. The five Temple warehouses are: zhuoteba warehouse, laimaling warehouse, duiyinker warehouse, Menba warehouse and Keri warehouse.

In addition to the Buddhist scripture "zayage" given by the seventh Dalai Lama and the Mongolian scripture "danzhur" given by Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, there are also various cultural relics such as large and small gold and silver Buddha statues, sculptures, embroidery, and thousands of handicrafts in the temple. Among the five Lhasa lamas, there have been studies on astronomy, philosophy, calendar, medicine and other subjects, and there have been some knowledgeable lamas. Many well-known Lama Menba (Mongolian Medicine) in Xianghuang Banner come from menbalasan of hayinherwa temple.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, because of years of war, hayinherwa temple was looted many times. After that, it gradually declined. During the period of the Republic of China, because of the land problem, he moved to the seat of the government of hayinher wasumu in Xianghuang Banner in 1936. The scale of the newly built hayinherwa temple has been greatly reduced, and the chaokeqin hall has been reduced from 81 to 49. During the "Cultural Revolution", the temple was completely demolished because of the so-called "breaking the four old".

present situation

In 1988, Xilin Gol League administrative office and Xianghuang Banner made financial allocation. The banner government built a new Sutra hall and three Temple warehouses on the former site of hayinherwa temple, which is still known as "Guangyi Temple". And invited many Buddha statues to worship in the Sutra hall. Within a few years, more than a dozen lamas lived in the temple, chanted sutras and held temple fairs.

festival

Zhengmenhui and liumenhui are the biggest celebrations of hayinherwa temple. Menstruation begins on the seventh day of the first lunar month and ends on the sixteenth. The sixth menstrual meeting begins on the seventh day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar and ends on the sixteenth. During the sixth menstrual meeting, we should jump to Chama: from the fourteenth, on the fifteenth, we will invite Medal (transliterated in Sanskrit, namely Maitreya Buddha) to go on a tour, and on the sixteenth, we will finish. In addition, from July 27 to 29 of the lunar calendar, the mani meeting was held in the Keqin hall. In August, the Menba meeting was held. After the meeting, the Dalai Lama led the monks to the mountain to collect herbs.

Address: Xianghuang Banner, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Longitude: 113.841993

Latitude: 42.324819

Chinese PinYin : Ha Yin Hai Er Wa Miao