Deshengmen

Deshengmen

Deshengmen in Beijing, built in 1437, is one of the nine gates in Beijing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

It is a group military defense building composed of city tower, arrow tower, gate tower and urn. Deshengmen has been an important transportation hub in Beijing since ancient times. Deshengmen is the starting point of Beijing Tibet Expressway (G6, formerly Badaling Expressway), connecting the northern part of Beijing. Because there is a metro vehicle factory nearby, Jishuitan metro station has become the first metro transfer station in Beijing.

brief introduction

Yuan Dynasty is the gate of Jiande gate and the gate of sending troops to battle. The word is "Desheng".

Since then, the city gate and archery tower have been repaired in all dynasties. In 1951, the state funded the renovation. In 1980, another comprehensive renovation was carried out. In 1982, the cultural security office was established and opened to the outside world. Zhenwu temple in Wengcheng was restored in 1992. Now Jianlou has held an exhibition of historical coins for many years.

As can be seen from the picture 50 years ago, there was a railway between the moat and the outer wall of Deshengmen. It should have been before the "Cultural Revolution" that the railway was demolished, while the city wall was demolished in the winter of 1969.

history

In the first year of Hongwu (1368) of Ming Dynasty, General Xu Da invaded Dadu of Yuan Dynasty and renamed it Beiping. Then he changed the "Jiande gate" on the west side of Beiyuan into "Desheng Gate", and built a new Tucheng wall in Wuli south of Beiyuan as the second defense line to prevent the yuan army from counterattack.

The archery tower of Deshengmen is located on the 12.6-meter-high platform, with grey tiles, green cut edges and double eaves on the top of the mountain. It is seven rooms wide and five rooms out of the Baoxia. The tower is 31.9 meters high. There are four rows of arrow windows on the three external walls, with a total of 82 holes.

In the fourth year of Hongwu (1371), the northern wall of Yuandadu was abandoned, and the new northern wall was widened and raised. Two doors were opened, and the west gate was still called "Desheng Gate".

From the first year to the fourth year of Zhengtong (1436-1439), the city tower, Jianlou, Jiaolou and qiaozha, including Deshengmen, were built. Since then, Deshengmen has been repaired. In 1915, the urn and gate tower of Deshengmen were demolished, and in 1921, the tower of Deshengmen was demolished. In 1980, the state renovated the archery tower of Deshengmen, which was completed in 1982, and established the Deshengmen cultural relics depository.

In 1993, it was changed into Beijing ancient coin exhibition hall.

In 2006, Deshengmen archery tower was announced as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council.

The origin of the name

The northern part is basaltic according to the constellation. Xuanwu is the main swordsman, so he usually goes out of the city from the north gate. Its name is Deshengmen, which means "to win by virtue" and "to win by virtue". In the event of war, troops will be sent from Deshengmen, and the head division of Andingmen will take the meaning of "victory by the flag" and "peace and stability" respectively.

It is an important gateway from the capital to the northern part of the Great Wall, known as the "military gate". Emperor Yongle's Northern Expedition in the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi's pacification of the Galdan rebellion in the Qing Dynasty, and Emperor Qianlong's suppression of the big, small and Zhuo rebellion are all the reasons for his success.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Deshengmen was the most important city defense position in Beijing. There was a famous battle to defend Beijing.

allusion

In the 43rd year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, there was a severe drought and no harvest. At the end of the year, Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty went to Ming mausoleum and arrived at Deshengmen. When it was snowy, he wrote a poem by Long Yan Dayue. There was a stone tablet with yellow roof. The stone tablet was so tall that it was hard to compare with other stone inscriptions. So he called it "Desheng praying for snow".

There is a gun on the wall to the east of Desheng Gate. However, it is not used for war, it is used for reporting time. At noon every day, Deshengmen and Xuanwumen fire guns at the same time, and the people in the city listen to the guns at the right time. However, people in Beijing call it "Xuanwu wupao" but don't say "Desheng wupao". It's probably because Xuanwumen always kill people in the afternoon when the guns ring and their heads fall to the ground, which is more famous than Desheng Gate. The treasures in the urn of Deshengmen should be a stele Pavilion in the middle. In the pavilion stands a tall stone tablet engraved with a poem written by Emperor Qianlong in 1797. The emperor at that time recalled the past and expressed his pride in the word "Desheng".

lifeline

There is also a "lifeline" closely related to Beijing in Deshengmen area. 200 meters to the east along the "gap" moat, there is a waterway under the original city wall connecting the moat and the water system in the city. The outlet of the waterway is just below the Jishuitan temple. For many years, through this waterway, the sweet springs of Xishan Mountain and Yuquan mountain outside the city continuously flow into the city, moistening and nurturing the people and dignitaries in Kyoto. When I was a child, I had witnessed the older children touch out the exquisite silver plate in the channel water. There was even the experience of falling into an ice cave at the outlet of the waterway.

The ice factory in bingjiaokou Hutong should still be in use until the early 1960s. The specific address was between bingjiaokou Hutong and the moat. At that time, there were several large pits with a length of more than 100 meters, a width of 20 meters and a depth of about 6 or 7 meters for storing ice. When it's the coldest time in Beijing, the workers of the ice factory begin to collect ice from Jishuitan or Taiping Lake. Some of the old workers have been collecting ice for decades. In the cold wind, the workers use special tools to cut the ice surface which has been frozen very thick into one meter square ice cubes, use the chute to lift the ice cubes to the shore and transport them to the ice factory, then use the chute to put the ice cubes into the ice storage pit and stack them well. Straw is spread between each ice cubes, and then use insulation materials such as straw to thickly cover all the ice cubes. When the climate is hot, the ice will be stored Take it out and supply it to the market. 5、 In the summer of the 1960s, beer and Arctic soda iced with natural ice can be seen everywhere in non-staple food stores and street side shops in Beijing.

Because of the extensive use of artificial ice, ice factories with hundreds of years of history quickly disappeared. After the cancellation of the ice factory at bingjiaokou Hutong, the ice storage pit left behind was slightly transformed into "Youth Lake" by the government and stored water for use, but the specific use has not been determined. A few years later, Beijing transformer factory was built on the original site of the ice factory.

After the relocation of Beijing transformer plant, it has become the current state.

When I was a child, I often went with my father to the gas station at Xikou of bingjiaokou Hutong to see my familiar uncles playing chess, but my eyes and thoughts were more focused on the grapes hanging on the trellis and the flying butterflies. The name of "Huokou" originated from the excavation and destruction of the city wall in the 1950s. The appearance of "Huokou" made the new JIEKOU in the city connect with the North Taiping village outside the city. It greatly facilitates the transportation of residents inside and outside the city.

Current situation after liberation

The area to the west of today's "Xiaoxitian" archway was mostly farmland in those days, and the buildings were very sparse when I was a child. I remember I met tomatoes there, because there are lots of plants here.

On the east side of Deshengmen tower, there used to be "Xiaoshi market" and a bunch of hutongs named after "Xiaoshi". This is an important private trading market of that year, named after the morning trading. In the 1980s, it became the center of selling fake cigarettes in Beijing. On the west side of the tower of Deshengmen, there is a Hutong called "ice cellar entrance". It was the place where the Palace used to hoard ice in summer. Now it has been changed into a main road. The thorough transformation here is a matter of this century.

In 1954, the place marked "traffic cadre school" on this map was "post and Telecommunications School" after the 1950s, and then the post and Telecommunications 508 factory. After the reform and opening up, it once produced mobile phones of Nokia and other international brands, and it became an office building. The "North China Military Medical Hospital" on the map was later the 262 Hospital of Beijing Military Region and later changed to the General Hospital of second artillery.

Opposite the hospital, where China Film Group is now, was still an unmarked building at that time. It became the "Beijing Film Academy" in the late 1950s, the "8.75 film projection equipment factory" in the "Cultural Revolution", and then the film company.

The "city" in the map, the place of JJ disco today is Beijing keying factory. 50 years ago, the then "Beijing Film Studio" was in this place. At that time, the road from Xinjiekou to Huokou was not the same. There were trams turning from Xizhimen to Xinjiekou to pinganli. Today, the place of Jishuitan Hospital was the "big fire drug bureau".

To the west of Jishuitan, it was a low-lying land 50 years ago, and there were even rice fields at that time. Later, a man-made lake was dug here, named "Taiping Lake". At that time, people could come to the lake to watch adults fishing in summer and skate on the lake in winter. However, Taiping Lake is not peaceful. The most memorable event here is that Mr. Lao she committed suicide in August 1966 during the cultural revolution. When the subway began digging in 1969, the lake was buried.

Address: deshengmenqiao (Shichahai, Xihai)

Longitude: 116.37532

Latitude: 39.9491

Chinese PinYin : De Sheng Men