Fenghuangshan site

Fenghuangshan site

Fenghuangshan site (namely Zhantai Temple) is one of the Neolithic human activity sites about 6000 or 7000 years ago, and is a key cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province. Located in the north of Shimen village, Waizi Town, Xinye County, the site is 5 meters above the ground, 550 meters long from north to south, 460 meters wide from east to west, and covers an area of about 250000 square meters. The cultural layer is 5 meters thick and divided into 5 layers. There are many remains of skeleton and urn coffin buried under the East Cliff; there are red burnt earth walls found on the South Cliff; there are hollow brick tombs of the Western Han Dynasty on the west side; there are red burnt soil layers on the upper layer of the East Cliff, and there are irregular ash pits and ash ditches below. In addition, there are stone axes, pottery spinning wheels, bullets, antlers and so on of different sizes. The site is of great value for the study of the cultural exchanges between the north and the south in ancient China.

Characteristics

The external and internal factors of monomer nature, shape, structure and composition, as well as the main environmental factors such as monomer generation process, evolution history and personnel influence.

Fenghuangshan site, also known as Zhantai temple, is one of the Neolithic human activity sites about 6000 or 7000 years ago. Located on the mound to the north of Shimen village, Waizi Town, Xinye County, the site is 5 meters above the ground, 550 meters long from north to south, 460 meters wide from east to west, and covers an area of about 250000 square meters. The cultural layer is 5 meters thick and divided into 5 layers; the first layer is the disturbed cultural layer; the second layer mainly contains Longshan cultural pottery; the third layer contains the collapsed red burned wall fragments; the fourth layer contains Qujialing cultural pottery; the fifth layer contains Yangshao cultural pottery. There are many remains of skeleton and urn coffin buried under the East Cliff; there are red burnt earth walls found on the South Cliff; there are hollow brick tombs of the Western Han Dynasty on the west side; there are red burnt soil layers on the upper layer of the East Cliff, and there are irregular ash pits and ash ditches below. The unearthed cultural relics include painted pottery pots, red pottery cauldron shaped tripod with sand, duck beak foot tripod and red pottery pots, pots and cups of Yangshao period; those belonging to Qujialing culture include gray pottery pot shaped tripod with sand, wide flat foot tripod, black pottery folding abdomen beans, high handle cups, round foot plates, pots and bowls; those belonging to Longshan culture include folding abdomen pot shaped tripod, straight mouth pot, carved grain pot, hollowed out beans, etc. in addition, there are stones of different triangle sizes Axe, pottery spinning wheel, projectile, antler, etc.

Cultural relics protection

This site has a large area, thick accumulation and rich connotation. Archaeological excavation proves that Xinye has a long history and tribes have been formed in the late Neolithic age. This site is a key cultural relic protection unit at the provincial level.

Tourism information

Tourism area and access conditions (specific location of the area where the monomer is located, access traffic, relationship with surrounding tourism distribution centers and main tourism areas)

Fenghuangshan site is located on a mound 200 meters north of Shimen village, Waizi Town, Xinye county. Adjacent to it are the former residence of Deng Yu, a famous general of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Xinye macaque breeding base. It is adjacent to yu01 line in the East, Nanyang Xiangfan highway, 15km from Xinye Three Kingdoms scenic spot in the South and 45km from Nanyang Wuhou Temple in the north. In the west, it is 20 kilometers away from the entrance and exit of Nanyang Dengzhou Expressway under construction.

Development and protection

Protection and development status (monomer preservation status, protection measures and development status)

Since the 1980s, in accordance with the principle of historical and cultural heritage protection and maintenance, a leading organization for protection has been established, and full-time cultural relics guards have been assigned to guard it, so as to strengthen the protection of water conservancy, soil, vegetation and cultural layer in the region.

Why was Zhantai temple, one of the four temples in Tang Dynasty, built on Fenghuang mountain

Fenghuangshan, Waizi Town, Xinye County, is a Neolithic cultural site in the upper reaches of the Han River. It is 1km away from Liaohe River in the East, huangqugou (now the entrance and exit of Er Guang Expressway) in the west, Dongpo Village (xiaoshenying Village) in yingzhuang Town, Wolong District in the North, and Simen village in the south. It is not only the dividing line of ancient culture between the north and the south of China, but also the intersection of ancient culture between the north and the south of China. The whole site is shaped like a Phoenix, so it is called Fenghuang Mountain in ancient and modern times. Fenghuang mountain is 550 meters long from north to South and 470 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 258500 square meters (according to the field survey conducted in February 2006, the actual area is completely consistent with the early field survey conducted by the Provincial Bureau of cultural relics).

Fenghuang mountain is a sloped platform with a height of 10.68 meters in the middle. The cultural layer is about 5 meters thick, and the relics of primitive people and ancient people's production and life are extremely rich. The cultural layer can be divided into five layers, the following four layers have obvious characteristics of northern culture, the upper layer and the surface obviously highlight the characteristics of southern culture. There are a large number of stone, bone, pottery, jade, porcelain, copper and iron artifacts scattered on Fenghuang mountain, as well as a large number of tombs in the late primitive society and in the Han Dynasty. There are stone axes, stone chisels, stone shovels, stone plows, spinning wheels, bullets and other artifacts in primitive culture. There are cones, chisels, arrowheads, daggers, clam shells, antlers and so on. The pottery includes clay red pottery painted round bottom bowl, red pottery painted spinning wheel, red pottery cup, black pottery perforated beans, red pottery painted high collar pot, white pottery pot, polished red pottery pot, basin, bowl, urn, jar, tripod, etc. In terms of tripod, there are conical (hand-made cauldron shaped tripod), flat flat flat flat finger socket pattern and so on. The pottery is made of fine mud, sand and clam. There are three colors: red, gray and black. Pattern refers to plain surface, polished, thick and thin, rope pattern, stripe, square pattern, scratch pattern, additional pile pattern, nail pattern, finger nest pattern, string pattern, hole carving, color drawing, etc. There are spades and Huang in jade. There are a large number of burnt earth surface, lime soil surface, house foundation, ash pit, children urn coffin burial, adult one burial and second burial. In addition to the Yangshao and Longshan periods, the Qujialing cultural features are also obvious and abundant in quantity. The eastern part of the site was slightly damaged by the Latosol. The cliff was 5 meters high (stopped in 1980), and the southern and western ends were also slightly damaged. These are of great value to the study of the cultural exchanges between the north and the south in ancient China.

In ancient times, due to the backward productivity at that time, people only hunted and fished for a living, and their ability to resist natural disasters was also quite poor. For this reason, people often live high by water. With the crisscross of the sun and the moon, the vicissitudes of life, social development, human evolution, people's ability to produce, live and resist natural disasters has been continuously improved, the growth of population, the change of natural ecology, and the improvement of people's intelligence, gradually showing a decentralized living, self farming and self-sufficiency lifestyle.

Archaeological inference

According to archaeological inference, in ancient times, Fenghuang mountain area was a lake with clear bottom and blue waves. It was surrounded by shrubs and birds, where everything appeared. Later, due to the crustal movement, the flat land rose - the Phoenix shaped platform (the shells of the first to third cultural layers of Fenghuang mountain can be seen clearly). There are lots of primeval forests, luxuriant ancient trees, many exotic animals (many tiger and leopard tooth fossils and antlers can still be seen), and the Liaohe River and huangqushui river flow through Fenghuang Mountain from east to west. It provides superior environmental conditions for human survival and development. As the stars change, people living around Fenghuang Mountain believe that the Phoenix shaped terrain created here is the holy meaning of the Jade Emperor and the symbol of auspicious talisman given by Buddha. Later, in order to realize their nostalgia for their homeland and hope to give them an auspicious dream, people built the Zhantai temple, a religious and cultural activity site integrating Buddhism and Taoism, on Fenghuang mountain.

Thousand year old temple

A thousand year old temple

Zhantan temple, 40 miles northwest of the city, is located in the Qiangtai temple, a thousand year old temple in Waizi Town, Xinye county. There are many debris nearby. Every time the villagers find tile coins, jade axes, jade chisels, antlers, animal bones, etc, In the past few years, they have been demolished, and there is no stone carving left. It is still recorded in Xinye county annals published in the 1980s.

In the stele of "rebuilding Chongxing Temple" in the reign of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty, it is clearly engraved with the following words. More than 40 Li, the place name is Huangqu. On the east bank (where Fenghuang mountain is located), there is a temple. RI Chongxing temple is also a famous ancient temple.

The inscription in the inscription of rebuilding the temple of heavenly king of Luohan in Chongxing temple in the 36th year of Qianlong of Qing Dynasty states: "there is a temple about 40 miles north of Baining city (where Xinye county is now located), which is famous for Chongxing and is also a famous ancient temple. Liaoshui in the East, Huangqu in the West (between Liaohe River and Huangqu, which is the location of Fenghuang Mountain).... ".

In the 22nd year of the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty, the inscription of "sincerely do good, redeem the local place" says: "there may be a temple within 40 li of the city, which is named rizhantai temple, and the ancient Chongxing temple also

"Zhantan Temple" is called "platform Temple" in the inscription of "mengfurao naming" in the 28th year of the Republic of China, which is inlaid on the "Gong" floor of the former Fanji primary school in Fanji Township, Xinye.

When I learned about it in Shimen village of Waizi town in February 2006, Wang Deyuan, an 87 year old man in Shimen administrative village, said: "the original name of the temple on Fenghuang mountain is Zhantai temple. My master is a scholar of the Qing Dynasty. When I was a child, he taught me to write the name of the temple with the word" Zhan ".

To sum up, the same temple, the same place, created at the same time, why there are so many titles? Through in-depth understanding, on-the-spot investigation and consulting relevant materials, the author has carefully studied some of the existing original inscriptions on gold and stone, investigated the landform of the former site of the temple, and identified many relics of the temple. In the preliminary test, "Zhan" in Zhanshi agrees with "Zhan", meaning to occupy a high place. Fenghuang mountain was first built with

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