Former residence of Zhu Qiqian

Former residence of Zhu Qiqian

It is located at No.3 zhaotangzi Hutong, adjacent to Baogai Hutong in the East, Chaoyang Gate South Street in the West and Shengfang Hutong in the north. This house was purchased by Zhu Qiqian in the 1930s. At that time, it was still an unfinished building. Later, it was designed and built by Zhu Qiqian himself, and it became a large house. Beijing was forcibly purchased by the Japanese during the Japanese occupation, and returned to the Zhu family after the victory of the Anti Japanese war. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Zhu Qiqian dedicated the house to the state, and his family moved to No. 111, Dongsi batiao. On January 21, 1986, zhaotangzi Hutong No. 3 was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Dongcheng District, and is now a dormitory of a unit.

Basic introduction

The house covers an area of about 3000 square meters, with unique layout. It takes a corridor running through the north and South as the central axis, divides the whole house into two parts, East and West, and organically combines the eight courtyards of the two parts into a magnificent house. The shape of the existing building is that there is a golden pillar gate in the middle of the south end, and the ridge roof is covered with hard Hill grey tiles; the courtyard is originally divided into East and west parts by a corridor running through the north and south. On the west side of the gate of the West Road, there are five inverted rooms, one in the courtyard, one in the hall, and one roll type vertical flower gate; the second and fourth in the courtyard are three front porches in the north room, three in the north room in the third in the courtyard, two in the West ear room in the front and two in the back porches, three in the west chamber, and three in the front porches. The first entrance to the east road is three rooms in the north, and the front porch is connected with a hall and a roll roof, two rooms in the west, five purlins in the depth, and the top of the hill; the second entrance is also three rooms in the north, with two rooms in the West, and the front porch is three rooms in the East; the third entrance is five rooms in the north, and three rooms in the East. The Sijin hospital has been rebuilt. The main buildings above are ridge ridged roofs with hard hill top grey tiles.

Mr. Zhu Qiqian was a political figure of the Beiyang government and made contributions to the reconstruction and construction of modern Beijing. Later, he devoted himself to the textual research of Chinese architecture and set up the China construction society, which specializes in ancient architecture at his own expense. After the completion of the siheyuan No. 3 in zhaotangzi Hutong, the first half of the siheyuan was for the office of China construction society, and the second half was for the family of Mr. Zhu Qiqian. According to Zhu Haibei, Mr. Zhu's son, the architectural practice and color painting in the courtyard were carried out in full accordance with the construction method. All the carpenters and color painters used were old craftsmen working for the Forbidden City. Therefore, the house has a certain dual value of commemoration and research.

Detailed story

Zhaotangzi hutong is located in Jianguomen area of Dongcheng District. It is the fifth Hutong from south to North in the east of South Street of Chaoyang Gate. It starts from South Street of Chaoyang Gate in the West and ends at Baogai Hutong in the East, with a length of more than 250 meters. In the Qing Dynasty, it was called "zhaotangzi Hutong" and "Tangzi" was an old Jiangnan dialect, which refers to brothels. The east-west direction of the hutong is slightly tortuous at the east end, and it is connected with the other four hutongs, forming a Hutong hub. That is: to the East is "houzhaojialou Hutong", to the north is "Baogai Hutong", to the south is "baozhuzi Hutong", and to the southwest is "Yangzhao Hutong". The intersection of five hutongs is rare. Local residents call it "five roads lead to prosperity".

Zhaotangzi Hutong No. 3, the old house number is zhaotangzi Hutong No. 2, in the north side of the slightly tortuous lane, just in the "five roads to the auspicious" place, sitting north facing south, is a quadrangle, which covers an area of nearly 3000 square meters.

The house was an unfinished building purchased by Zhu Qiqian in the 1930s, which was redesigned and supervised by him. According to Zhu Haibei, the son of Zhu Qiqian, the practice of color painting and architecture in the courtyard was completely in accordance with the construction method. All the carpenters and color painters were old craftsmen working for the Forbidden City. It can be said that Zhu Qiqian devoted a lot of effort to the construction of this house.

The street gate of the house is "Guangliang gate". There are six South houses on the west side of the street gate, and four South houses on the east side of the street gate. The four South houses are not a ridge, and three on the east side move southward. Therefore, the South courtyard wall on the east side of the street gate inclines to the southeast. Entering the Guangliang gate, there is a corridor connecting the north and the south, forming a north-south axis, which divides the whole courtyard into two parts: East and West, with a total of eight courtyards surrounded by corridors. In the west, there are six inverted South rooms and a two roll "chuihuamen" in the first courtyard, three North rooms and three West rooms in the second courtyard, the third courtyard and the fourth courtyard, and two ear rooms in the west of the north room. In the East, there are four South rooms and three main rooms in the first courtyard, and two ear rooms are built in the west of the main room. The north room and the south room of the second courtyard are connected by three hooks and built on the top of the mountain. The materials are exquisite and the workmanship is exquisite. In the second courtyard, there are three North rooms, three South rooms and three East rooms, and two ear rooms are built in the west of the north room and the south room. In the third courtyard, there are five North rooms and three East rooms Lin, now it has been rebuilt.

After the completion of the Institute, the first half is "China Construction Society", and the second half is the residence of Zhu Qiqian and his family members. During the Japanese occupation of Peiping, the Japanese invaders forcibly bought the house and returned it after the victory of the Anti Japanese war. In 1953, Zhu Qiqian moved to No. 111, Dongsi batiao.

The house is now a dormitory with 113 houses and a construction area of 2056 square meters. The original main buildings have not changed much, but some corridors have been expanded into houses, and some simple houses such as kitchens have been added to the courtyard. On January 10, 1984, the people's Government of Dongcheng District took zhaotangzi Hutong No. 3 as "Zhu Qiqian's former residence" and announced it as a cultural relic protection unit in Dongcheng District.

Dongsi batiao, belonging to Dongsi area of Dongcheng District, is the eighth lane of Dongsi North Street from south to north. From west to East, the Hutong connects Dongsi North Street and Chaoyangmen North Street, more than 700 meters long. No. 111 of Dongsi batiao, the old house number was No. 54. It was on the north side of the west section of the Hutong, facing south. The street gate was a through wall gate, which was opened in the corridor formed by No. 109 and No. 113 of Dongsi batiao, and the back wall was built on the south side of Dongsi batiao. There is a "shadow wall" in the gate, and there are 115 houses, corridors and other buildings in the courtyard, with a construction area of more than 670 square meters. This house is the property of Zhu Meiyun, the daughter of Zhu Qiqian. Zhu Qiqian moved in in 1953 and died in 1964.

Zhu Qiqian (1871-1964), a native of Kaizhou (now Kaiyang) in Guizhou Province, was named Guishen and Chanyuan. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, he once served as the supervisor of the translation school of Beijing Normal University, the director of the police department in the outer city of Beijing, the director of the police in the inner city, and the supervisor of Mongolian affairs. After the revolution of 1911, he was the chief of communications, the chief of internal affairs and the acting prime minister of the Beiyang government. He was wanted for supporting Yuan Shikai to be emperor. In 1919, he served as the general representative of the north and the south to discuss peace. After the negotiation broke down, he resigned and devoted himself to writing. In 1930, he organized the China construction society and became its own president, engaging in ancient architecture research. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he served as a member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and a librarian of the Central Library of literature and history, and was the author of Zheyuan Wencun.

Zhu Qiqian was enthusiastic about public welfare. In 1914, Zhu Qiqian, then the interior chief of the Beiyang government, mobilized gentlemen and businessmen to donate money to open up the sheji altar as a park, named "Central Park", also known as "Jiyuan", which is now "Zhongshan Park". The Central Park is the first open park in Beijing. The main scenic spots built at that time, such as siyixuan, tanghuawu, Shuixie, Laijin Yuxuan, Xili Pavilion, Maxim Pavilion, Touhu Pavilion, Yinghui Pavilion and Lanting eight pillars, are still the main scenic spots in Zhongshan Park. At that time, there was a couplet in the garden - "famous garden has its own world, old trees don't know when they are old."

Zhu Qiqian is fond of collecting, especially the collection of Kesi. It is said that Zhu Qiqian can be called "the first person in the collection of Kesi in China". According to the descendants of Zhu Qiqian, in the early years of the Republic of China, the royal nobles of the Qing Dynasty were increasingly poor. Zhu Qiqian bought a number of rare tapestry from the descendants of Prince Gong Yixin, some of which were dated to the Song Dynasty. After hearing the news, some Japanese had offered millions of dollars to buy it, but Zhu Qiqian was not moved. However, the situation was turbulent at that time. Zhu Qiqian was afraid of losing the national treasure, so he transferred it to Zhang Xueliang for 200000 yuan. In 1950, Zhu Qiqian donated 56 valuable cultural relics of Wang family in Qiyang of Ming Dynasty to the Palace Museum, and the Ministry of culture awarded them with awards.

Zhu Qiqian is the founder of ancient Chinese architecture. In 1917, Zhu Qiqian found Li Jie's manuscripts of Jianzao fashi in Jiangnan library. He commissioned the commercial press to print the manuscripts in stone. At the same time, he published the copy of Song Dynasty in Beijing. After that, they organized personnel to proofread and annotate the book "engineering practices of the Qing Imperial Work Department". In 1930, Zhu Qiqian was funded by the board of directors of the China Education and culture foundation, and established the "China Construction Society" as its own president. Zhu Qiqian is also the director of the literature group, and architect Liang Sicheng is the director of the French group. The construction society was the first academic group to study the style and design of Chinese traditional architecture, which laid the foundation of Chinese ancient architecture.

China construction society was founded in 1930 and stopped in 1937 because of the fall of Peiping. During this period, he successively published the Journal of China construction society, the record of Gongduan construction, the textual research of Yuandadu palace, the example of construction, the example of pailou, the rule of Qing style construction, the legacy of Ziren, the record of Zhe Jiang, the whole story of Tongzhi rebuilding Yuanmingyuan, etc. Zhu Qiqian commented: "in history, the Chinese construction society has a lasting value in art."

Zhu Qiqian is nearly 30 years older than Zhou Enlai. They both served as prime ministers in different times. Zhou Enlai respects Zhu Qiqian and Zhu Qiqian admires Zhou Enlai.

One evening in the late autumn of 1957, Zhou Enlai went to see Zhu Qiqian at 111 Dongsi batiao. Zhou Enlai said that he saw an inscription in Beidaihe, on which

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Qi Qian Gu Ju