Beijing Folklore Museum

Beijing Folklore Museum

Beijing folk custom museum (Beijing Dongyue Temple Management Office), located at 141 Chaoyang Menwai street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, is located in Beijing Dongyue Temple. It is the only state-run folk custom museum in Beijing and a national third-class Museum.

Dongyue Temple in Beijing was built in 1319, the sixth year of Yanyou reign of Yuan Dynasty. It was funded by Zhang liusun and Wu Quanjie, the great masters of xuanjiao in Yuan Dynasty. It is dedicated to the God of Mount Tai, the great emperor of Dongyue. After the continuous expansion of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the building pattern of the central road main courtyard and the East-West courtyard was gradually formed. The temple covers an area of about 47400 square meters, with more than 300 ancient buildings. It embodies the architectural style of yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and can be called a treasure of ancient architecture. In history, Dongyue Temple was the place of national sacrificial rites, and folk sacrificial activities were more grand, becoming the center of folk cultural activities with rich foundation.

By 2019, the collection of cultural relics in Beijing folk custom museum can be divided into five categories, namely, costume cultural relics, commercial folk cultural relics, life and ceremony cultural relics, Festival cultural relics and traditional entertainment cultural relics.

Beijing folk custom museum is a national key cultural relic protection unit

Beijing patriotism education base

Beijing Social Science Popularization experimental base.

Historical evolution

In 1319, the great master of xuanjiao, Zhang liusun (1248-1322), saw in his later years that most of them did not have the palace of the great emperor Dongyue, the God of Mount Tai, so he decided to raise funds to build Dongyue Temple in Beijing. Buying land outside the qihuamen (now Chaoyang Gate), Fang Yujuan worked in Jijiu, so that he could emerge in December 1322.

In the spring of 1322, Wu Quanjie (1269-1346), the great master of Zhang liusunsi, inherited the Shizhi and granted gold to build the main hall and gate.

In 1323, Wu Quanjie built the East and West veranda and the four sons hall, and molded the statues of gods, and granted them the title of "Rensheng Palace".

In the second year of TAIDING (1325), the eldest princess of the state of Lu donated money to build the back hall as a shrine.

In the first year of Tianli (1328), Wenzong ascended the throne. The princess went to Beijing to celebrate the completion of the dormitory hall. Wenzong named it "Zhaode hall".

In 1421, Yongle of the Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing. In 1447, Yingzong repaired Dongyue Temple, which was started in May and completed in August. After the completion of the project, Zhu Qizhen, the emperor Yingzong of Ming Dynasty, personally wrote the imperial stele of Dongyue Temple, which changed the name of the front hall to Daiyue and dedicated it to the God of Dongyue mountain, and the name of the back hall to Yude, which was the God's bedroom of Emperor Dongyue and empress Kunde of Shuming Dynasty.

In 1560, the eunuch of Qianqing palace prayed at Dongyue Temple for illness, and soon recovered. When he saw the temple collapse, he ordered eunuchs Zhang Xian and Lu Ding to renovate the temple. Construction started in August and was completed in November, renovating the main hall, the back palace, the East and west side halls, the halls, statues and sacrificial vessels. Seeing that the residents outside the temple were noisy, a screen wall was built to get rid of the obscenity; a well was dug in the East corridor to relieve the thirst of pedestrians; nineteen East and West rooms in front of the temple were handed over to the Taoists of Dongyue Temple for management, and a stele was erected to make the stele of "Chongquan YueDi Sishen xiuxiao Xuji stele".

In 1569, Lei Hong, Yu He, Wang pan, Wang Min and Lei Qing, the virtuous men in Kyoto, donated money to rebuild the statues of the great emperor of Dongyue and the seventy Sixth Division. One year later, they completed the work and erected the stele of the relic of Dongyue Temple.

The mother of Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty, who was named empress dowager Cisheng, believed in Buddhism and Taoism and built temples inside and outside the capital. She was called "nine lotus Bodhisattva" in the palace. In 1575, the Li family (1545-1615) donated his own plaster money and led Shenzong, his younger brother King Lu, Princess Lu, and other imperial nobles to donate money to rebuild the Dongyue Temple. Feng Bao, the chief eunuch of the palace, chose his inner minister Lian Gan to supervise the work. In 1576, he ordered Zhang Juzheng to write the inscription of repairing Dongyue Temple.

In 1585, Empress Dowager Li offered a large censer in front of daizongbao hall and replaced all the censers before the 76th division. Shenzong even built an ancestral hall for his mother, Empress Dowager Li, at the southern foot of Mount Tai to worship the God of Mount Tai forever.

In the 20th year of Wanli (1592), Shenzong saw the great emperor of Dongyue in his dream. He thought it was given by God and immediately ordered the temple to be renovated. Not only a side hall was built on the left and right sides of the dormitory hall, but also a back cover building was built behind the hall. In addition, two stone tablets were built in front of the temple gate, which were named "Hongren Xifu" and "Lingyue chongci". The construction period took a whole year.

In the 35th year of Wanli (A.D. 1607), Ma Qian, Chen Yongshou and Lu Sheng, the prime ministers of the inner palace, vowed to build a glazed archway in front of the temple. The north and south of the archway were called "zhisi Daizong" and "Yongyan dizuo". At this time, the middle part of Dongyue Temple has already had the existing pattern.

In 1651, the binglinggong hall was rebuilt.

In the 37th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign (1698 AD), Dongyue Temple caught fire because of the carelessness of the residents.

In the 38th year of Kangxi reign (1699 AD), the emperor used Guangshan Kujin to prepare for reconstruction.

It was started in March of the 39th year of Kangxi reign (1700) and completed in June of the 41st year (1702).

Qianlong 26 years (1761) renovated again, the construction period of one year. In these two renovations, Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong specially wrote inscriptions in imperial style, compared with Manchu and Han Dynasties, carved stones, erected steles and covered pavilions to show solemnity. In 1836, Ma Yilin, the 17th generation Taoist of Dongyue Temple, built the spring and autumn Hall of donglang with the funds of the good people, which connected the donglang with the central court. The Doumu hall and huozu hall in the west corridor were rebuilt, the Haishen hall and cangshen hall were newly built, the Yiyuan (cemetery) was set up at madaokou (now near Jintai Road), and the Sanyi temple in Fangjiayuan was rebuilt. So far, the basic structure of Dongyue Temple has been established.

In 1900, Jingdong Yihe regiment set up an altar in front of Jiangdong temple to practice martial arts. In the early years of the Republic of China, when warlords were fighting, Dongyue Temple was repeatedly harassed by the garrison in the temple.

On the eve of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the temple was in a state of disrepair. A group of Shanxi students went to Beijing to petition. They lived in Dongyue Temple and smashed many statues in the temple, trying to find some gold and silver treasures from the "belly" of the statues. Later, Dongyue Temple was occupied by government and school. Dongyue Temple was closed. It was silent for half a century.

From 1958 to 1962, the Beijing Municipal Institute of cultural relics registered the ancient buildings, inscriptions and cultural relics of Dongyue Temple one by one, described them in detail, established archives, and made rubbings of Steles, which were kept in the National Library and the capital library.

In October 1957, the Dongyue Temple in Beijing was announced by the Municipal People's Committee as the first batch of ancient buildings and cultural relics protection units in Beijing. Since the 1980s, the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, the Beijing Municipal People's Congress and the Chaoyang District People's Congress and the Chaoyang District People's Political Consultative Conference have repeatedly called for the protection and opening up of Dongyue Temple as soon as possible.

In 1986, the Chaoyang District Party committee and the Chaoyang District government set up a "leading group for the restoration of Dongyue Temple" to carry out a lot of preparatory work. As Dongyue Temple in Beijing is not only the place where national ceremonies were held in Ming and Qing Dynasties, but also the largest temple and temple fair of Taoism in North China. It has rich historical and cultural connotations. After listening to the opinions of Zhu Jiazhen, Luo Zhewen, Xie Chensheng, Zhong Jingwen and other well-known scholars, the State Administration of cultural relics and Beijing municipal government put Dongyue Temple in Beijing The Yuemiao temple was established as a Beijing folk custom museum, aiming to give full play to the unique advantages of Dongyue Temple's cultural relics, ancient buildings, history and culture, and engage in the research and dissemination of various traditional cultures.

In 1995, the units stationed in Zhonglu vacated and moved out of Dongyue Temple. In December, the right to manage and use Dongyue Temple was officially handed over to Beijing Municipal Bureau of cultural relics, which in turn handed over to Chaoyang District Bureau of cultural relics to set up Beijing folk custom museum.

In 1996, the renovation of the ancient buildings on the middle road began.

In June 1997, Beijing Dongyue Temple Management Office and Beijing folk custom museum were officially established.

During the Spring Festival of 1998, the Beijing folk custom museum was moderately opened internally.

During the Spring Festival in 1999, Beijing folk custom museum was fully open to the public.

In 2001, DONGYUEMIAO West Road was relocated, vacated and repaired. More than 10000 square meters of illegal buildings were demolished, and more than 400 residents and merchants were relocated.

In 2002, DONGYUEMIAO West Road was repaired.

On June 27, 2004, China Folklore Society settled in Beijing Folklore Museum.

On January 22, 2006, the "professional committee of Folklore Museum of China Folklore Society" was listed in Beijing Folklore Museum.

In 2008, DONGYUEMIAO East Road was restored, vacated and repaired.

In May 2008, as a place for religious activities, the middle road statue Area officially launched religious activities.

In January 2011, DONGYUEMIAO East Road was completed and accepted.

In January 2013, Dongyue Academy was inaugurated on Dongyue Temple East Road.

Architectural pattern

overview

The main buildings of Beijing folk custom museum are: Glazed archway, Daiyue hall, zhandaimen, Yuma and Yubei, Fulu, Zhanggong tablet, Tongte, etc.

The basic exhibition is the history exhibition of Dongyue Temple in Beijing. The exhibition is composed of a large number of objects and pictures. With the theme of "historical evolution" and "prosperous incense", it vividly shows the 680 year history of Dongyue Temple,

Chinese PinYin : Bei Jing Min Su Bo Wu Guan