Jing'an Temple

Jing'an Temple

Jing'an Temple, also known as Jing'an ancient temple, is located in Jing'an District of Shanghai. According to legend, its history can be traced back to the 10th year (247) of Sun Wu chiwu of the Three Kingdoms, and it was initially named hudu Chongxuan temple. In 1008, it was renamed Jing'an Temple. In 1216, the temple moved from the Bank of Wusong River to pujingbang (now Nanjing West Road), which was built earlier than Shanghai. With a total construction area of 22000 square meters, Jing'an Temple is the oldest Buddhist temple in Shanghai. It is composed of three main buildings, namely, the main hall, the heavenly king hall and the three holy halls. In the temple, there are eight famous paintings of Shanren and a long scroll of running grass of Wen Zhengming's authentic work Pipa Xing. Jing'an District is also famous for its Jing'an Temple. The architectural style of Jing'an Temple imitates the architectural style before Ming Dynasty, and the typical representative is the shape of Dou Gong.

Jing'an Temple is one of the national key temples of Buddhism in Han area

It is one of the ancient temples of zhenyanzong in Shanghai and a cultural relic protection unit in Shanghai

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Historical evolution

According to legend, Jing'an Temple was built in 247, the 10th year of chiwu reign of Emperor Wu of the Three Kingdoms, and its founder was Kang monk Association. Its original name was Hutu Chongyuan (Xuan) temple, located on the North Bank of Wusong River (now Suzhou River).

In the Tang Dynasty, the temple was renamed Yongtai temple.

In the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1008) in the Northern Song Dynasty, it was named Jing'an Temple.

In 1216, the ninth year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty, because the site of the temple was close to the Bank of the river, the foundation of the temple was in danger of collapse. The abbot Zhong Yi moved the temple to the Bank of the boiling well in Lupu, which is the current site of the temple. "Jing'an Temple is in Shanghai," according to the records of the clouds written by Shaoxi in the Song Dynasty. According to the records of the temple, Emperor Wu chiwu Zhongjian was named hudu Chongxuan temple. In the story of Jingyun's stone buildings, the room is called Yongtai Buddhist temple. In the first year of the reign of Xiangfu, the present amount was changed. According to the local records of Sakya, in the first year of Jianxing in Jin Dynasty, there were two stone statues floating at the mouth of Wusong River. Zhu Ying, a member of Wu Dynasty, welcomed them to Chongxuan temple in hudu, and inscribed them Weiwei and JIAYE.

After the Jing'an Temple was moved to the present site, its scale gradually expanded. In the Yuan Dynasty, it became a giant temple. There are eight places of interest in the temple, namely, "chiwu stele" erected in the Three Kingdoms period, "Chen Chaohui" planted in the northern and Southern Dynasties, "xiazitan" originally spread from the strange deeds of the God monk Zhiyan, "lectern" built by Zhongyi in the Southern Song Dynasty, "Yongquan" suddenly boiling in the boiling well bang, "Lvyun cave" built by the poet monk Shouning, the ancient ferry crossing Wusong River "luzidu" by pedestrians, and the remains of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to defend against pirates "Hudu base". In Yuan Dynasty, Zhou Bi's "Si Ji Lue", Jiaqing's "Song Jiang Fu Zhi", Tongzhi's "Shanghai county Zhi" and "Fa Hua Xiang Zhi" are all attached. There is a temple in Shanghai, called Chongxuan. In the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu, due to taboo, the current amount was changed to Jing'an.

In 1369, the Hongwu bell was cast in the second year of the Ming Dynasty, which consumed six thousand jin of copper. There is an inscription on it, which reads "the second year of Hongwu, I wish the crown prince a thousand years".

Since the early Qing Dynasty, Jing'an Temple has been revived and abolished. In 1741, Mai Huan, the Minister of rites, paid for the renovation of the hall. In 1778, sun Siwang, a native of she, proposed to donate money to rebuild the temple. Haihai, the monk of the temple, once carved 18 Arhats and a statue of Wei Tuo from the ginkgo tree trunk of Song Dynasty which was burned in the temple. During the reign of Xianfeng Tongzhi, Jing'an Temple was destroyed by the war of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and there was only one grand Abbot hall. During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty (1862-1874), there was only one hall left. In the early years of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the hall collapsed. In 1880, under the abbot of master Hefeng, the Jing'an Temple was rebuilt and completed in April of the next year. Since then, the famous annual Jing'an Temple Fair has been formed. In 1883, Li chaoguan wrote a memorial tablet to the abbot of Hefeng. The inscription of "rebuilding Jing'an Temple" is still preserved in the front wall of Daxiong hall.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the first National Buddhist organization, the Chinese Buddhist Association, was established. The site of the association is located in Jing'an Temple. The famous patriotic monk jichan (eight fingers Tuo) served as the president. The following year, jichan went to Beijing to petition for the protection of national temple property. Unfortunately, he died in Fayuan temple in Beijing.

In March 1913, the Chinese Buddhist Association held its first National Congress in Jing'an Temple. At the meeting, master yekai and Xiong Xiling were elected as the president, master Qinghai as the vice president, and master Yuanying as the president.

In the eighth year of the Republic of China (1919), a road was built in front of the temple, named Jing'an Temple Road (now Nanjing West Road).

In 1920, temple monk Chang GUI, together with Hushen Yao Wendong and others built the three holy halls in the east of the main hall, which basically formed the main structure of the temple.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, under the leadership of the abbot dewu and the warden milcah, a new Mountain Gate imitating the Tang Dynasty was built to the east of the yuanshanmen. Deng Sanmu (tieweng) inscribed the title of "Jing'an ancient temple". In front of the mountain gate, an ancient Indian Ashoka style Buddhist building was erected, which became the symbol of Jing'an Temple. During this period, Jing'an Temple also established Jing'an primary school behind the temple and Jing'an rural experimental school in Nanxiang. The expenses of the two schools are the same as those of Jing'an Temple.

In the spring of 1947, the abbot dewu and the master of prison milcah sent a joint letter to the Shanghai Buddhist Association, proposing to change the Jing'an Temple from the system of shaving for children and grandchildren to the system of selecting sages in the jungle. I would like to invite Tui Xian, the chairman of the City Buddhist Association, to succeed the abbot of Jing'an Temple. On March 29 of the lunar calendar, the temple was transformed into a permanent ten square jungle, and master Chi song was promoted to be the first Abbot after the reform and concurrently the president of Jing'an Buddhist College.

At the beginning of 1948, a building along the street was set up in Jing'an Temple to establish a Buddhist clinic for common people. Master Chi song was the director and Bai Sheng was the deputy director.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Shanghai Municipal People's Government twice appropriated funds to repair Jing'an Temple and set up a restoration Committee. The people's Government of Shanghai listed Jing'an Temple as a cultural relic protection unit at the municipal level. In 1951 and 1954, the government allocated more than 20000 yuan for the restoration of Jing'an Temple.

In April 1953, the abbot master Chi song revived the only zhenyanzong (Tantric) altar in the temple, which had been lost for a long time since the Tang Dynasty, and succeeded dongmi, which had been lost for a long time since the Five Dynasties. The opening ceremony was held on May 20 (the eighth day of the fourth lunar month).

During the "Cultural Revolution" in 1966, the ancient Jing'an Temple suffered a severe impact, the abbot master Chi song was persecuted, all the Buddha statues and magic weapons were destroyed, the monks were forced to return to the secular life, and the whole temple was turned into a factory.

In 1972, the main hall was burned and the ancient temple collapsed.

After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, the religious policy was gradually implemented.

In 1983, Jing'an Temple was listed by the State Council as one of the key Buddhist temples in the Han nationality areas of China.

In 1984, the restoration Committee of Jing'an Temple was established by Shanghai Buddhist Association. Master Zhenchan, the president, is the director, and Jia Jinsong, the vice president, is the deputy director. The restoration was presided over by Jia Jinsong, vice president of Shanghai Buddhist Association. That year, the Shanghai Municipal People's government allocated another 300000 yuan. By 1990, the restoration of the ancient Jing'an Temple had been basically completed.

In 1988, the new hall was built by Zhao Puchu.

In 1994, a new three story building, the senliao and Shangke hall, the cultural relics building and the office of the temple Affairs Office were built. In October this year, a seminar on the 100th anniversary of master Chi song's birth and his Buddhist thoughts was held.

In 1993, the Vatican Palace was renamed "baoshanjing Temple" with a larger scale. Zhao Puchu, President of the Buddhist Association of China, once went to worship Buddhism in person and wrote an inscription for the hospice: "old age has its end, and the ideal of great harmony. It's up to Pharaoh to repay the kindness of all living beings. If you serve your parents, if you respect your teachers. It's beautiful. It's not very peaceful. "

At the beginning of 1996, a new temple Affairs Committee with master dewu as its director was established.

In 1998, in order to cooperate with the construction of Jing'an Temple Station of Rail Transit Line 2, Jing'an Temple was reconstructed again.

On December 19, 2009, a 15 ton silver statue of Buddha from Jing'an Temple entered the temple. More than ten 3-ton silver statues of Bodhisattvas and disciples were added to the main hall.

Architectural pattern

The architectural layout of Jing'an Temple is on the strict central axis. From south to north, there are the bell tower, the drum tower, the main hall and the Dharma hall. The gate of Jing'an Temple faces south and integrates with the heavenly king hall. The ground layer of the mountain gate is paved with high-quality granite, and the semi elliptical arch gate ticket is carved with Song Dynasty cloud pattern flowers. On the bottom floor of the bell tower is Yongquan, the "sixth spring in the world", which is restored. On the top of Yongquan is a 7.3-ton Peace Bell. The drum tower covers the subway entrance and exit with a 3.38-meter-diameter cow hide drum.

Main attractions

Dharma Hall

The Dharma Hall of Jing'an Temple is located in the north of the main hall, close to the main hall. Teak structure, copper tile roof, a total of 7 floors, 32.22 meters high. Following the "song construction method", the Jing'an Temple in Shanghai is decorated with ridge kisses on the roof (including upright kisses, squatting beast, hanging beast, corner beast, set beast, etc.), overhanging eaves and bucket arches. On this basis, combined with the characteristics of Buddhism, it is decorated with distinctive Buddhist patterns such as elephant, Falun and lotus. Teak imported from Myanmar is selected as the main structural material of the temple. Yellow and dark gray glazed tiles and copper tiles are used to cover the top. The main ornaments (ridge kiss, Tasha, etc.) are decorated with gold. The layout follows the traditional Chinese architectural style, with the combination of door, hall and corridor.

Chinese PinYin : Jing An Si