Mabian gale top

Mabian gale top

Located in the transitional zone between Sichuan Basin and Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, it is 15.3km wide from east to west and 37.0km long from north to south, with a total area of 30164 hectares. There are four main source streams of Mabian River in the area, with the lowest altitude of 800m and the highest altitude of 4042m. The terrain is steep, the mountain is high and the road is dangerous, and the average slope is 36 degrees. The nature reserve is a kind of forest and Wildlife Nature Reserve mainly for the protection of giant panda and its ecological environment. As the nature reserve is located in the humid monsoon climate zone in the middle subtropical zone, there are abundant species in the area, including 51 species, 132 genera and 248 species of main plants, Davidia involucrata, Ginkgo biloba, Cephalotaxus fortunei, 268 species of main terrestrial vertebrates, 25 orders, 75 families, 7 species of giant panda, Sichuan mountain partridge, takin, etc. under the first-class national protection, and 2 species under the second-class protection There are 28 species including red panda. The nature reserve is located in the central area of Yi nationality in our province, with strong Yi nationality customs. Since 1997, it has received more than 100 Chinese and foreign experts and scholars to visit the reserve for 15 times and take scientific examinations. Now, it has a daily reception capacity of 200 people.

Meigu Dafengding Nature Reserve is located in shuwo and RUOHA Township, Meigu County, Liangshan Prefecture. It is connected with Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve with an altitude of 4035 meters. The protected area is 40000 hectares. It was established in 1978 with the approval of the State Council.

There are many kinds of animals and plants here, and the original vegetation is well preserved. There are more than 20 kinds of rare animals and birds protected by the state, such as giant panda, red panda, water deer, etc. in the area, there are also some precious tree species, such as Lianxiang tree, Davidia involucrata, yinjuan tree, etc. in particular, Davidia involucrata, which is known as living fossil, grows more than 10000 mu, which is rare in the world.

physical geography

geographical position

The nature reserve is located in the transitional zone between Sichuan Basin and Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. It belongs to the middle and high mountain landform, with high mountains and steep slopes, overlapping mountains, crisscross rivers and valleys. The geological structure belongs to the Liangshan fold fault zone in the northern part of the Kangdian axis on the western margin of the Yangtze paraplatform. Hydrology

The river system is the Minjiang River system. The rivers in the territory are mainly supplied by precipitation, snow water and groundwater. It is characterized by short flow, large drop, abundant water, abundant water energy and great potential for hydropower development.

Climate type

The climate type belongs to the humid monsoon climate of the middle subtropical zone. The winter is long and cold, and the summer is short and cool. The annual average temperature is about 10 ℃, the sunshine rate is less than 18%, the annual precipitation is 1800-2000mm, and the rainy days are about 240 days. There are many rainy nights in four seasons and heavy rain in summer. The three-dimensional climate resources are rich.

soil

There are different soil types from bottom to top: mountain yellow soil below 1600m; mountain yellow brown soil between 1600m and 2200m; mountain dark brown soil between 2200 and 2800m; mountain ash soil between 2800m and 3600m; subalpine shrub meadow soil above 3600m. The soil is slightly lead rich, with more organic layer in the surface layer and less organic layer in the lower layer. The pH value is 4.3-4.6. The soil is wet and sticky, and the leaching phenomenon is obvious. The content of gravel is 30%, and the natural fertility is high.

natural resources

plant resources

There are 160 species of woody plants in the reserve, including 109 species of arbors. The climax vegetation is evergreen broad-leaved forest. The vegetation is still near the original state, with high coverage rate, and the forest area accounts for nearly 83% of the total area. The vertical differentiation of vegetation is obvious

(1) The evergreen broad-leaved forest belt below 2000 meters above sea level is dominated by Lauraceae, followed by Fagaceae, and the common ones are runnan, Cinnamomum camphora, Litsea angustifolia, Castanopsis emeiensis, Schima superba, etc;

(2) Evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest is located between 2000-2400m above sea level. The evergreen tree species are mainly Quercus glauca and Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and the deciduous tree species are Acer, birch, Davidia involucrata, etc;

(3) There is a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest between 2400 and 2800 meters above sea level. The tree species are Tsuga yunnanensis, Cryptomeria fortunei, Acer Acer, Betula platyphylla, Tilia amurensis, Taxus chinensis, Cephalotaxus, Pterocarya stenoptera, and aquamarine;

(4) The subalpine coniferous forest belt is between 2800 and 3700 meters above sea level, and the dominant tree species is Abies;

(5) There are alpine shrub meadow and alpine meadow above 3700 meters above sea level.

Medicinal plants: the reserve is a treasure house of medicinal plants. According to the survey, there are 174 families, 405 genera and 1619 species, among which Gastrodia elata, Coptis chinensis, cinnabarin, taro Wu, Eucommia ulmoides, phellodendron, papaya, Magnolia officinalis and mume are the main exported medicinal materials.

Industrial plants: including wood resources, fiber plants, tanning plants, perfume oil plants, dye plants, economic insect parasitic plants, etc.

Edible plants: including starch plants, vegetable plants, edible oil plants, vitamin plants, fungi plants, beverage plants, spice plants, nectar plants, etc.

Wild ornamental plants: there are abundant ornamental plants in the reserve, among which Rhododendron and orchid are the most widely distributed and have the most varieties. According to the survey, there are more than 30 varieties of orchids in the reserve, among which the most valuable are Cymbidium chunjiansu, Cymbidium Molitor, Cymbidium qiusu, Cymbidium Yahuang, Cymbidium dahongense, etc. There are about 50 kinds of rhododendrons in the reserve. From spring to autumn, from the valley to the top of the mountain, all kinds of rhododendrons compete in turn, making the mountains of the reserve a world of flowers.

Bamboo resources: the area is rich in bamboo resources, many species and large area. There are mainly Phyllostachys heterophylla, Phyllostachys heterophylla, Phyllostachys heterophylla, Phyllostachys heterophylla, Phyllostachys fargesii, Phyllostachys edulis, Indocalamus, etc. Bamboo forests are distributed in the vast area of 1300-3700 meters above sea level, and their coverage is generally more than 80%. The diversity of bamboo population structure provides abundant food for giant panda.

The national protected plants in the nature reserve are Davidia involucrata, Alsophila spinulosa, Lianxiang tree, etc. in the first level; water green tree, papaya red, Ginkgo biloba, Eucommia ulmoides, Cephalotaxus fortunei, etc. in the second level; lingchunmu, Yinque, nanmu, maidiao spruce, Qiongzhu, Houpu, Dujuan, Trillium, Gastrodia elata, etc. in the third level.

Animal resources

There are 261 species of terrestrial vertebrates in the reserve, including 58 species of mammals, 186 species of birds, 10 species of reptiles, 7 species of amphibians and 7 species of fish. The characteristics of fauna are as follows

(1) The nature reserve is a biological "refuge" during the glacial period, and the giant panda and other animals have been preserved to this day;

(2) The composition of animals is complex, the high mountains are mostly from the north, and the low valleys are mostly from the south;

(3) There are more than 30 endemic species, such as giant panda in mammals, Sichuan mountain partridge in birds, Kangding lizard and meiguri snake in reptiles, great cool wart salamander and Baoxing tree frog in amphibians, Schizothorax qikouchi and lip leaping in fish, etc.

The wild animals in the nature reserve are mainly Hengduan Himalayan species. The representative animals are giant panda, golden monkey and takin. Among them, there are about 30-40 giant pandas, accounting for two-thirds of the wild population of giant panda in Xiaoliangshan mountains. They mainly inhabit in genriyimo, yire, nieshijue, North Branch Ditch of Mayi buxigou, guoselada, gegelada and ribeigegou There are woodland areas. In addition, there are Sichuan mountain partridge, red panda, blood pheasant, red bellied horned pheasant and many other rare protected animals in the reserve. Among them, there are 9 species of national first-class protected animals, including giant panda, takin, clouded leopard, leopard, green tailed pheasant, gray bellied horned pheasant, Sichuan mountain partridge, and 38 species of second-class protected animals, including Macaca mulatta, Macaca mulatta, red panda, golden cat, rock sheep, gazelle, water deer, forest musk deer, white deer, etc Caragana microphylla, Caragana microphylla, pheasant, Andrias davidianus, etc.

The green tailed pheasant -- the first class national protected animal

Pheasants, Phasianidae. Body length 76-81 cm. The head of the male is green and has blue purple metal reflection; the back neck, neck side and upper back are metallic copper; the back waist and tail are mostly metallic green; the lower body is pure black. The female body color is dark, the lower back is white, and the tail feather has gray brown and dark brown transverse spots.

The green tailed pheasant lives in alpine meadows, shrubs or bare rocks at an altitude of about 4000 meters, usually with one male and one female. In the morning or dusk, they come out to look for food. They mainly feed on the tender leaves and stems of plants, especially the bulbs of Fritillaria. From April to may, the breeding season begins, with 3-5 eggs per litter. The incubation period is 25-26 days. The green tailed pheasant is a resident bird.

Grey bellied horned pheasant -- the first class national protected animal

Pheasants, Phasianidae. The body length is about 60 cm. The head is black, with orange red and black crowns; the neck is red, and the rest of the upper body is covered with white and chestnut red eye spots; the abdomen is smoke gray. The wings are short and round, and the male has a fleshy hornlike process above each eye. The naked skin of face and throat is yellow, and the edge of laryngeal skin is light blue.

The gray bellied horned pheasant lives in the mountain area about 3000 meters above sea level. It is a resident bird and is common in the Bush in the forest.

Red panda -- the second class national protected animal

Carnivora, Ursidae, also known as golden dog. The body length is 40-63 cm, and the tail length is more than half of the body length. The head is short and wide, the snout is protruding, the face is round, there are white spots on the cheek, the ears are large, standing forward, the body is covered with long reddish brown hair, the limbs are short and thick, it is dark brown; the tail is long and thick and mixed with ring lines.

The red panda lives in an alpine jungle of about 2000 meters, and its habitat is the undulating zone near the river valley and basin. They go out to look for food in the morning and evening, hide in stone caves or tree caves to rest in the day, and often move in groups. Like eating cold arrow bamboo

Chinese PinYin : Ma Bian Da Feng Ding