Sugan Lake

Sugan lake, located in the northwest end of Haizi grassland in Aksai County, has two lakes, big Sugan lake and small Sugan lake. Haizi grassland is a beautiful basin grassland. The grass goes over the horse's back and the blue waves roll when the breeze blows. It is really a scene of "cattle and sheep when the wind blows on the grassland". The big and small Sugan lakes lie on such a plain, like a pair of fairy eyes inlaid in the charming face of the grassland; the surrounding green grass is like blue satin, and a hundred birds are singing in the grass; the blue waves are rippling in the lake, the clear light reflects the moon, and the ducks are playing and fishing on the water, all like a fairyland on earth. In spring, summer and autumn, when you visit here, you can often see the grand occasion of akun playing and singing held by Kazakh herdsmen on the grassland.

Sugan Lake

Sugan lake, located in the northwest end of Haizi grassland in Aksai County, has two lakes, big Sugan lake and small Sugan lake. The lakeside basin is the summer pasture of Kazakh herdsmen.

Location area

Dasugan lake is located in Haizi grassland of Heping Township in the west of Haizi grassland, with an area of I08 square kilometers, water storage of about 172 million cubic meters (belonging to saline lake), and average water depth of about 2.84 meters. In recent years, it has been designated as a migratory bird reserve. Xiaosugan lake is located in the northwest of Haizi grassland, in the east of dasugan Lake (in Haizi grassland of Tuanjie Township). It covers an area of i1.6 square kilometers, storing about 24 million cubic meters of water (belonging to freshwater lake). The water depth is 0.8-0.9m. The distance between big Sugan lake and small Sugan lake is about 20 kilometers, and there is a waterway between the two lakes.

Sugan lake is located in Huahai basin, 70 km south of boluozhuanjing Town, Akesai Kazak Autonomous County, Gansu Province. "Sugan" means "red willow" in Mongolian. There are two lakes, large and small, more than 20 kilometers apart.

Xiaosuyu lake is in the north of the basin. With an area of 11.6 square kilometers and water storage capacity of 24 million cubic meters, it is a freshwater lake. Dasugan lake is located in the south of the basin, covering an area of 108 square kilometers and storing 172 million cubic meters of water. The lake water is supplied by the underground currents of the big and small halten rivers. Lakeside is a good natural pasture.

Sugan Lake (also known as sugannaoer, Mongolian) is located at the foot of the southern foot of Altun mountain, with a total area of 119.6 square kilometers. It is the largest inland lake in Gansu Province. Among them, the area of xiaosugan lake is about 11.6 square kilometers, and that of dasugan lake is about 108 square kilometers.

Sugan lake is an Intermountain faulted basin with an altitude of 2700-2800 meters. Its water source comes from the surface water reservoir in the halten basin. The surface water first flows into xiaosugan lake, and then from xiaosugan lake to dasugan lake, so xiaosugan lake is a fresh water lake and dasugan lake is a salt water lake.

Main tributaries

The water of Dagan lake and xiaosugan lake mainly comes from the undercurrent of daherteng River and xiaohalteng River in the east of the basin.

The water system of Sugan lake is an independent inland lake system, involving Gansu and Qinghai provinces, including Dahu lake and Xiaohu lake. It is named after Dahu lake and xiaosugan lake. The runoff of the river system is mainly dahaerteng River and xiaohalteng river. Daherteng River and xiaohalteng River originate from Danghe Nanshan and tuergendaban mountains. They are perennial rivers mainly supplied by glaciers and snowmelt water. Their flow is short, and they flow into the piedmont alluvial fan at the exit of the mountain to form underground runoff. Finally, they flow into dasugan Lake in the form of springs. The water flow of xiaosugan lake mainly comes from the Xiaogou river at the southern foot of Jinshan mountain, and overflows into dasugan lake when the water is abundant. The water system of Sugan lake is characterized by wide frigid area, bad environment, inconvenient transportation, few people and few settlement.

The upper source of dahaerteng river is yemagou River, which flows from yeniuji mountain, ogotuwulan, northwest, huidanghe mountain, chaganebotu mountain and kaketumongke's snow and glacier melt water. It reaches tosbatao and seeps under the Gobi desert, then reaches takar bastao and converges into the river, flows through Dangzhong spring in the west, then sneaks under the Gobi desert, finally reaches huahaizi and seeps into the river Little Suqian lake. It is 320 kilometers long, with a drainage area of 5970 square kilometers and an annual runoff of 298 million cubic meters. It is mainly supplied by alpine snow and glacier melt water. It is about 3500 meters away from Shanghai and has a broad valley. It is a summer pasture in Akesai Kazakh Autonomous County.

Xiaohaerteng River, originated from tuergendaban mountain, is mainly composed of ice and snow melt water and spring water. It flows from east to West in parallel with the great haerteng River, with a total length of 60 km. It penetrates into the Gobi at haertengkou. After 40 km of undercurrent, because the nuhutu area is affected by the North-South hidden fault, the spring water emerges from the ground, and then penetrates into the underground after 10 km. After 40 kilometers of undercurrent, it was exposed to the ground for the second time in the area of Minzhu township. The surface water and groundwater are transformed twice, and finally they flow into Dagan lake and xiaosugan lake. The basin covers an area of 1320 square kilometers, with an average annual runoff of 66.2 million cubic meters. There are 76 glaciers at the source of xiaohalteng River, covering an area of 40.7 square kilometers, with ice reserves of 1.352 billion cubic meters and snow line elevation of 4830-4990 meters. The basin belongs to alpine grassland meadow zone, which is composed of mountain, Haizi swamp, desert and Gobi. The basin belongs to the alpine climate zone with drought and less rain. The annual average temperature is 0.9-3 ℃, the annual average precipitation is 121.3 mm, the annual average water surface evaporation is 1000 mm, and the frost free period is 80-90 days. The water quality type (middle and upper reaches) is class II, and the salinity is 0.28g/l. The grassland type is a natural pasture dominated by desert.

The Annanba River, which originates from Altun mountain, flows through Annanba and penetrates into the gravel gobi through the mountain pass, with a total length of 15 km and an annual runoff of 34.7 million cubic meters.

water conservancy project

The water diversion project from Harbin to Jidang is a key inter basin water diversion project for the sustainable development of Dunhuang City, Subei and Akesai autonomous counties, as well as an ecological treatment project. The main task of the project is to transfer the daherteng water from the suganhu water system in Akesai County, Jiuquan City, Gansu Province to Danghe river system. In the report of comprehensive planning for rational utilization of water resources and ecological protection in Dunhuang City, two water transmission lines are proposed: scheme 1: build a diversion channel head at the outlet of daherteng River, and the water transmission line is along the west of the south foot of Danghe mountain The total length of the line is 202.00 km, which is composed of pressure pipelines, tunnels and open channels. Scheme 2: the head of diversion canal is the same as scheme 1. The head of diversion canal is connected with a non pressure culvert and a non pressure tunnel after the intake sluice, and the water is diverted to Dahonggou in Danghe River Basin. The total length of the line is 34.75 km, which is composed of a 33.5 km tunnel, open channel and culvert. In June 2011, it was approved by the State Council as "comprehensive plan for rational utilization of water resources and ecological protection of Dunhuang city". On May 21, 2014, it was identified as one of 172 major water conservancy projects during the 13th Five Year Plan period by the State Council.

Ecological protection

In order to protect the ecological environment of Sugan Lake area, Aksai great Sugan Lake Provincial migratory bird nature reserve was established in 1982 with the approval of the provincial government, covering a total area of 74252.1 hectares.

It is composed of Dagan lake, xiaosugan lake and Haizi wetland grassland. There are about 260 species of birds inhabiting in the area, with a number of 80000.

In 2003, the state launched the wetland protection project, and the Dagan lake and xiaosugan Lake Wetlands in Akesai Kazak Autonomous County were listed in the list of important wetlands in China.

The wetland types of dasugan lake mainly include swamp wetland, river wetland, Lake Wetland and other natural wetlands. Among them, the lake wetland has a large area, rich water and grass, rich vegetation resources and a wide variety of birds. Among them, there are 15 species listed in the national key protection catalogue, including 3 species of black necked Crane, black stork and falcon, accounting for 5% of the total; 12 species of yellow billed egret, grey crane, big swan, Little Swan, common buzzard, gazelle, kestrel, eagle owl and longitudinal belly owl, accounting for 20% of the total. Nine species are listed in cites, accounting for 60% of the total protected species.

The grazing prohibition of dasugan Lake implemented in Aksai county since 2017 fundamentally solves the problem of over grazing and disorderly utilization of water resources in the reserve, so as to effectively protect and quickly restore the ecosystem function. Now they hire forest rangers from the herdsmen around the reserve to carry out daily management and protection. Fully mobilize and rely on the surrounding herdsmen to do a good job in protection. It further improves the living environment of wild animals in the reserve, reduces the damage and influence of human factors, and hopes to provide a paradise for birds to live and reproduce.

Lake Resources

There are many birds in Sugan lake, including white swan, spotted goose, black necked Crane, Louyan, yellow duck, green winged duck, Skylark and so on. It was approved as a provincial Migratory Bird Nature Reserve in 1982. In recent years, the number of migratory birds flying to Sugan lake is increasing. Sugan lake can be called "the bird island of Gansu". The county has invested more than 5 million yuan to build infrastructure integrating accommodation, entertainment and reception in Sugan lake, built bird watching platform and trestle, and set up recreational facilities such as motor boats and pleasure boats, which has become a tourist attraction for tourists.

Management evolution

Suganhu area, originally belonging to Lenghu Administrative Committee of Qinghai Province, was a no man's land at that time, and was rented to herdsmen in Akesai County of Gansu Province. However, due to the continuous emergence of grassland disputes between local herdsmen in Qinghai Province and Gansu Province, on May 11, 2001, guohan No. 50 document finally settled the dispute between the two provinces for decades, and transferred it to Gansu Province, which belongs to Gansu Province

Chinese PinYin : Su Gan Hu